Advanced biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Nepenthes chitinase NkChit2b- 1 confers broad-spectrum resistance to chitin-containing pathogens and insects in plants.","authors":"Jun-Jie Liu, Jin-Xuan Wen, Jian-Feng Li, Feng-Zhu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s44307-025-00066-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44307-025-00066-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chitinases play critical roles in plant-pathogen/insect interactions by degrading chitin, a key structural component of fungal cell walls and insect exoskeletons. However, current research lacks comprehensive studies on the broad-spectrum disease resistance of chitinases, and novel chitinases with higher enzymatic activity remain underexplored. Here, we report the prokaryotic expression and functional characterization of Nepenthes khasiana-derived chitinase NkChit2b-1, demonstrating its capacity to confer broad-spectrum resistance against chitin-containing phytopathogenic fungi and insect pests. Biochemical assays revealed that NkChit2b-1 exhibits high enzymatic activity within the optimal temperature range (28-42°C) for terrestrial plant growth and the pH range (5.0-6.0) encompassing pathogen-induced apoplastic alkalization in plants. This enzymatic profile correlates with its effective inhibition of mycelial growth in major phytopathogens including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, and Magnaporthe oryzae. Exogenous application of NkChit2b-1 conferred enhanced resistance to these pathogens in both model species (e.g., Arabidopsis) and crop species (e.g., tobacco, tomato, and rice). Intriguingly, NkChit2b-1 pretreatment suppressed feeding activity of brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) nymphs on rice phloem sap and induced mortality in adult BPH upon ingestion. Furthermore, NkChit2b-1 accelerated beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) egg hatching while delaying larval development. In addition, foliar application of NkChit2b-1 on Arabidopsis leaves conferred antifeedant activity against beet armyworm larvae in dual-choice assays. These results collectively indicate the exceptional potential of NkChit2b-1 as an eco-friendly \"green pesticide\". The exploration of novel chitinases and combinatorial chitinase strategies may overcome the limitations of single-enzyme formulations, thereby advancing chitinase applications in sustainable agriculture and plant protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 2","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing RNA base editing for diverse applications in RNA biology and RNA therapeutics.","authors":"Hui Luo, Jing Yao, Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s44307-025-00063-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44307-025-00063-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in molecular engineering have established RNA-based technologies as powerful tools for both fundamental research and translational applications. Among the various RNA-based technologies developed, RNA base editing has recently emerged as a groundbreaking advancement. It primarily involves the conversion of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) and cytidine (C) to uridine (U), which are mediated by ADAR and APOBEC enzymes, respectively. RNA base editing has been applied in both biological research and therapeutic contexts. It enables site-directed editing within target transcripts, offering reversible, dose-dependent effects, in contrast to the permanent or heritable changes associated with DNA base editing. Additionally, RNA editing-based profiling of RNA-binding protein (RBP) binding sites facilitates transcriptome-wide mapping of RBP-RNA interactions in specific tissues and at the single-cell level. Furthermore, RNA editing-based sensors have been utilized to express effector proteins in response to specific RNA species. As RNA base editing technologies continue to evolve, we anticipate that they will significantly drive advancements in RNA therapeutics, synthetic biology, and biological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 2","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11979053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrostatic charge at the biomaterial-pathogen interface influences antibiotic efficacy.","authors":"Andrew Hayles, Huu Ngoc Nguyen, Markos Alemie, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Neethu Ninan, Richard Bright, Panthihage Ruvini Dabare, Christopher Gibson, Vi Khanh Truong, Krasimir Vasilev","doi":"10.1007/s44307-025-00061-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44307-025-00061-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implant-associated infections (IAI) are a considerable burden for healthcare systems globally. While novel anti-infective biomaterials are being pursued, prophylactic antibiotic treatment remains the most important intervention for mitigating IAI. The antibiotic tolerance of bacteria has been widely studied, but until recently, the contributions of biomaterial-pathogen interactions have been overlooked. In the present study, we investigate how material electrostatic charge influences the physiological state of the most clinically challenging pathogen-Staphylococcus aureus, and the implications on its antibiotic tolerance. We utilized a combination of techniques, including quantitative gene expression and synchrotron-sourced attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform microspectroscopy, to characterize this phenomenon - elucidating how surface attachment to differently charged substrates drives the pathogen to modify its phenotype. Subsequently, we found a direct relationship between the activity of oppositely charged antibiotics (vancomycin and cefazolin) and the biomaterial-pathogen interface, which we determined to be governed by material electrostatic properties. The findings of the present study have the potential to inform the development of enhanced procedures of antibiotic prophylaxis by instructing personalized biomaterial-antibiotic pairing strategies. These new insights hold promise to contribute to reducing the rate of IAI by enabling clinicians and surgeons to maximize the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic treatments during implant placement procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 2","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the parasite's lifeline: knockout of SL transporters confers durable Striga resistance in sorghum.","authors":"Jiayang Shi, Feifei Yu","doi":"10.1007/s44307-025-00062-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44307-025-00062-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 2","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplifying the protocol for low-pollution-risk, efficient mouse myoblast isolation and differentiation.","authors":"Yi Luo, Jia-Dong Zhang, Xue-Gang Zhao, Wei-Cai Chen, Wan-Xin Chen, Ya-Rui Hou, Ya-Han Ren, Zhen-Dong Xiao, Qi Zhang, Li-Ting Diao, Shu-Juan Xie","doi":"10.1007/s44307-025-00060-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44307-025-00060-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myoblasts are the primary effector cells that play crucial roles in myogenesis and muscle regeneration following injury. However, isolating purified primary myoblasts from murine skeletal muscle poses challenges for junior researchers. Here, we present a simplified, low-risk, and optimized protocol for the extraction and enrichment of these myogenic progenitor cells. Additionally, we demonstrate that, compared to F10 (Ham's F-10)-based medium, DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium)-based differentiation medium provides a more conducive environment for myoblasts differentiation. This enhancement improves the efficiency of myofiber formation and the expression of myogenic markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11896905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mapping of candidate genes in determining red color of perilla leaf.","authors":"Guanwen Xie, Yuxuan Zhang, Shen Xiao, Duan Wu, Hongbin Wang, Qi Shen","doi":"10.1007/s44307-025-00058-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44307-025-00058-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perilla frutescens is a traditional medicinal plant and functional food in Asian communities, characterized by distinct red and green leaf types that have significant phenotypic and medicinal implications. However, the genetic mechanisms controlling anthocyanin synthesis in this species remain unclear. Genetic analysis serves as a powerful tool for investigating the pivotal genes and regulatory mechanisms governing anthocyanin accumulation in red and green perilla. In this study, an F2 segregation population was constructed from a hybrid of red and green perilla, and representative samples were subjected to mix-sequencing using BSA-seq and BSR-seq. A 6.0 Mb candidate region on chromosome 8 was identified, pinpointing PfMYB113b, PfC4H1, and PfF3H as key genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. The insertion of a repeat sequence in the promoter of PfMYB113b leads to alterations in gene expression levels. Furthermore, PfMYB113b regulates the transcription of PfC4H1 and PfF3H, thereby influencing anthocyanin synthesis. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf coloration in perilla.</p>","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11828775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative approach to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria: new insights into traditional Chinese medicine monomers combined with antibiotics.","authors":"Cunchun Dai, Ying Liu, Fan Lv, Ping Cheng, Shaoqi Qu","doi":"10.1007/s44307-025-00059-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44307-025-00059-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic treatment is crucial for controlling bacterial infections, but it is greatly hindered by the global prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers have shown high efficacy against MDR infections, the inactivation of bacteria induced by TCM is often incomplete and leads to infection relapse. The synergistic combination of TCM and antibiotics emerges as a promising strategy to mitigate the limitations inherent in both treatment modalities when independently administered. This review begins with a succinct exploration of the molecular mechanisms such as the antibiotic resistance, which informs the antibiotic discovery efforts. We subsequently provide an overview of the therapeutic effects of TCM/antibiotic combinations that have been developed. Finally, the factors that affect the therapeutic outcomes of these combinations and their underlying molecular mechanisms are systematically summarized. This overview offers insights into alternative strategies to treat clinical infections associated with MDR bacteria and the development of novel TCM/antibiotic combination therapies, with the goal of guiding their appropriate usage and further development.</p>","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of Mg/Al-LDH and Mg/Fe-LDH on adsorption and loss control of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.","authors":"Zeyuan Zhang, Liangjie Tang, Jing Luo, Jinfang Tan, Xiaoqian Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s44307-024-00055-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44307-024-00055-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low efficiency and high surface runoff of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from agricultural field threaten crop yield severely. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) have shown promising adsorption properties for 2,4-D. However, the comparison of two environmentally friendly LDHs (i.e. Mg/Al-LDH vs Mg/Fe-LDH) on adsorption of 2,4-D and corresponding intrinsic mechanisms are still unclear, and the studies on the leaching control of 2,4-D by LDHs in soil environment are particularly limited. In this study, Mg/Al-LDH and Mg/Fe-LDH were selected to conduct their adsorption kinetics experiment for 2,4-D combined with the characterization technology. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of Mg/Al-LDH and Mg/Fe-LDH for 2,4-D was up to 242 mg kg^-1 and 64 mg kg^-1, respectively, which were negatively correlated with pH. Adsorption mechanisms of both Mg/Al-LDH and Mg/Fe-LDH for 2,4-D are dominated by chemical adsorption, including electrostatic attraction and inner sphere complexation, but no interlayer adsorption mechanism. Mg/Al-LDH contains smaller metal ion radius, which provides greater surface charge density, resulting in greater electrostatic attraction and inner sphere complexation to 2,4-D compared to Mg/Fe-LDH. The greater adsorption capacity of Mg/Al-LDH for 2,4-D was driven by the higher adsorption energy (E_ads) and lower electron density, as corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The soil column experiment further verified that Mg/Al-LDH could control the loss of 2,4-D more effectively, and the leaching amount could be significantly reduced by 61.7%, while the effect of Mg/Fe-LDH was only 24.2%. This study provides theoretical guidance for screening more potential LDH types to solve the leaching loss of 2,4-D from soil and improve its effectiveness in agricultural production.</p>","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.","authors":"Kai-Lin Mai, Wei-Qi Pan, Zheng-Shi Lin, Yang Wang, Zi-Feng Yang","doi":"10.1007/s44307-025-00057-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44307-025-00057-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 has led to co-infection events, primarily affecting children and older adults, who are at higher risk for severe disease. Although co-infection prevalence is relatively low, it is associated with worse outcomes compared to mono-infections. Previous studies have shown that the outcomes of co-infection depend on multiple factors, including viral interference, virus-host interaction and host response. Children and the elderly exhibit distinct patterns of antiviral response, which involve airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance, innate and adaptive immune cells, and inflammatory mediators. This review explores the pathogeneses of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection, focusing on the antiviral responses in children and the elderly. By comparing immature immunity in children and immune senescence in older adults, we aim to provide insights for the clinical management of severe co-infection cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the aromatic symphony: redirecting bifunctional mushroom synthases towards linalool monofunctionality.","authors":"Rehka T, Fu Lin, Xixian Chen, Congqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s44307-024-00056-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44307-024-00056-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enzymes are the cornerstone of biocatalysis, biosynthesis and synthetic biology. However, their applicability is often limited by low substrate selectivity. A prime example is the bifunctional linalool/nerolidol synthase (LNS) that can use both geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to produce linalool and nerolidol, respectively. This bifunctionality can lead to undesired byproducts in synthetic biology applications. To enhance enzyme specificity and create monofunctional linalool synthases, we modified amino acids in the loop between helices C and D of four bifunctional mushroom LNSs. Through these modifications, we successfully shifted the substrate preference of two LNSs (ApLNS from Agrocybe pediades and HsLNS from Hypholoma sublateritium) from FPP towards GPP. Although complete monofunctionality was not achieved, we significantly increased linalool yield by 13 times while minimizing nerolidol production to 1% of the wildtype HsLNS. Docking simulations revealed a substantial reduction in the FPP binding score compared to that of the wildtype. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that Tyr300 in the apo HsLNS mutant has a greater tendency to adopt an inward orientation. Together with Met77, the inward-facing Tyr300 creates a steric barrier that prevents the longer FPP molecule from entering the substrate binding pocket, thereby greatly reducing its activity towards FPP. This study demonstrates the potential of enzyme engineering to design substrate-specific terpene synthases, which is a challenging task and few successful examples are available. The insights gained can inform future enzyme design efforts, including the development of artificial intelligence models.</p>","PeriodicalId":519913,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}