{"title":"Contemporary challenges and advanced technologies in the management of subfertile men with varicocele.","authors":"Azizbek Shomarufov, Farkhad Akilov, Shukhrat Mukhtarov","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.017","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Varicocele, closely linked to male fertility, requires urgent and focused research due to many unresolved questions. The absence of clear reference values distinguishing \"normal\" from \"abnormal\" semen parameters in the 6th World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory manual significantly complicates diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the clinical relevance of total progressively motile sperm count (TMSC) remains unclear, leaving practitioners without critical guidance. The decision to perform varicocelectomy, particularly in cases of isolated teratozoospermia, is fraught with uncertainty. Furthermore, the best treatment strategy for those experiencing subfertility after varicocele surgery is still undetermined, adding another layer of complexity. These pressing issues, along with contentious debates surrounding isolated teratozoospermia treatment, highlight the need for large-scale multicenter randomized clinical trials. Such studies are essential to fully understand varicocele's impact on male fertility and to develop evidence-based management protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 3","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negin Kargar Dahr, Parviz Abdolmaleki, Iman Halvaei
{"title":"Static magnetic field can ameliorate detrimental effects of cryopreservation on human spermatozoa.","authors":"Negin Kargar Dahr, Parviz Abdolmaleki, Iman Halvaei","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.012","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to improve the freezing-thawing process of human sperm using a static magnetic field. The study included 25 normozoospermic human samples. After an initial evaluation of sperm parameters, samples were prepared by the direct swim-up method. Before freezing, sperm motility, viability, morphology, acrosome reaction and DNA fragmentation rate were assessed. The samples were divided into 4 groups: 0, 1, 5 and 10 mT, and each group was frozen by the rapid freezing method. After thawing, the parameters were re-evaluated and compared between groups. Sperm motility decreased significantly during cryopreservation in all groups. The static magnetic field did not protect against decreased progressive motility after freezing, but the total sperm motility was significantly higher in the 10 mT group compared to the other groups. Sperm viability was higher in the 10 mT group than in the other groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of normal sperm morphology after freezing. The rate of spermatozoa with intact acrosome decreased after freeze-thawing, and the static magnetic field did not protect against the acrosome reaction. The rate of DNA integrity was significantly higher in the 10 mT group compared to the other groups. A static magnetic field with an intensity of 10 mT improved sperm viability and DNA integrity compared to other groups. However, it did not provide significant protection against decreased sperm motility or acrosome reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 2","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The pedicled Antero lateral thigh flap for gender affirming surgery: what is different? First case series outcomes of a single center from Turkey.","authors":"Ersan Arda, Mehmet Gürkan Arıkan, Hüsamettin Top","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.008","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to share our preliminary outcomes of the pedicled Antero Lateral Thigh flap (ALTf) phalloplasty technique, which we presume to be the first reported case series of a single center from Turkey. A cross-sectional study, comprising all cases who underwent pedicled ALTf phalloplasty in our clinic, between January 2015 and December 2019, was designed. Demographic data, case characteristics and surgical details including complications were recorded. The mean age of our 26 cases was 30 (28-34) years. The mean penile length and diameter were 15.07 ± 0.98 cm and 3.9 ± 0.34 cm, respectively. Tactile sensation was evaluated by touching the radix, corpus and tip of the neo-phallus showing response in 17 (65.4%), 7 (26.9%) and 2 (7.7%) of the cases, respectively. In 14 (53.8%) of all our cases no complication was reported at all. However, in 12 (46.1%) cases, although no intraoperative complication occurred; postoperative complications were observed as Clavien-2 (3.8%), Clavien-3a (3.8%) and Clavien-3b (71%). Postoperative satisfaction rates were found 77.14% (38-94). Although relevant studies are limited, in addition to low complication rates and high satisfactory outcomes, by leading to a concealable donor site, the pedicled ALTf can be used as a preferred phalloplasty technique, especially in transmen with religious or cultural sensibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 2","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can ChatGPT help patients understand their andrological diseases?","authors":"İsmail Emre Ergin, Adem Sancı","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.010","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to assess the reliability of Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT)'s andrology information and its suitability for informing patients and medical students accurately about andrology topics. We presented a series of systematically organized frequently asked questions on andrology topics and sentences containing strong recommendations from the European Association of Urology (EAU) Guideline to ChatGPT-3.5 and 4.0 as questions. These questions encompassed Male Hypogonadism, Erectile Dysfunction and Sexual Desire Disorder, Disorders of Ejaculation, Penile Curvature and Penile Size Abnormalities, Priapism, and Male Infertility. Two expert urologists independently evaluated and assigned scores ranging from 1 to 4 to each response based on its accuracy, with the following ratings: (1) Completely true, (2) Accurate but insufficient, (3) A mixture of accurate and misleading information, and (4) Completely false. A total of 120 questions were included in the study. Among these questions, 50.0% received a grade of 1 (completely correct) (55.4% for 4.0 version). The combined rate of correct answers (grades 1 and 2) was 85.2% for frequently asked questions (88.8% for 4.0 version) and 81.5% for questions obtained from the guideline. The rate of completely incorrect answers (grade 4) was 1.8% for frequently asked questions (0% for 4.0 version) and 5.2% for questions based on strong recommendations. The response rate of version 4.0 to questions created from sentences containing strong recommendations from the EAU guideline was the same as version 3.5. ChatGPT provided satisfactory answers to the questions asked, although some responses lacked completeness. It may be beneficial to utilize ChatGPT under the guidance of a urologist to enhance patients' comprehension of their andrology issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 2","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberto Molina Escudero, Luis Crespo Martinez, María Alonso Grandes, Ana Muñoz Rivas, Pietro Moscatiello, Manuel Álvarez Ardura, Álvaro Páez Borda
{"title":"Zephyr 375 urinary sphincter implant by unical perineal incision. Initial experience.","authors":"Roberto Molina Escudero, Luis Crespo Martinez, María Alonso Grandes, Ana Muñoz Rivas, Pietro Moscatiello, Manuel Álvarez Ardura, Álvaro Páez Borda","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.009","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of male severe stress incontinence (MUI) after surgery is the implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). Traditionally you need two incisions: perineal and inguinal. Our objetive is present a series of patients treated with the Zephyr 375 EUA implant through a single perineal incision. We present six men operated on for MUI after Transuretral resection of the prostate (TURP) (1) and radical prostatectomy (5). Preoperatively we perform Pad-Test and cystoscopy. Under epidural anesthesia, a vertical perineal incision was made and dissection up to the bulbospongiosus muscle was divided and we dissected the bulbar urethra. After removing the probe, we place the cuff, checking that it reaches the appropriate pressure, leaving it deactivated. To place the pump-reservoir, we digitally develop a scrotal dartos pocket from the perineum that we close with Vicryl 3/0. After closing the muscle with 3/0 Vicryl, we left a suction drain and a bladder catheter. The mean age was 63 years (55-72). Mean surgical time was 68 minutes (60-85). All were discharged the next day without catheter and drain. All patients comfortably palpated the scrotal reservoir-pump. After activation, all patients were continent without needing additional adjustment, using 3 a safety pad. The degree of satisfaction was very high, all of them affirmed that they would undergo the same intervention again. The Zephyr 375 urinary sphincter allows placement through a single perineal incision, reducing surgical time, simplifying the technique, and reducing morbidity without compromising the functional outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 2","pages":"10-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesús Muñoz-Rodríguez, Joan Prats, Naim Hannaoui, Arturo Domínguez, Clara Centeno, Marta Capdevila, Leticia De-Verdonces, Salvador Navarro
{"title":"Evaluation of vascular changes in cavernous arteries by penile doppler ultrasound in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.","authors":"Jesús Muñoz-Rodríguez, Joan Prats, Naim Hannaoui, Arturo Domínguez, Clara Centeno, Marta Capdevila, Leticia De-Verdonces, Salvador Navarro","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.013","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer may experience erectile dysfunction (ED). Age of patients, experience of the surgeons and existence of ED before surgery are factors related to its appearance. The objective of the study was to assess the hemodynamic changes produced in the cavernous arteries in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) measured with penile Doppler ultrasound (PDUS). A prospective database of 83 patients undergoing LRP was analysed. PDUS were performed at baseline and twelve months after surgery. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Erectile Hardness Score (EHS) questionnaires were also evaluated. A 12-month decrease in all hemodynamic parameters of both cavernous arteries was found except for the end diastolic velocity (EDV) on the left cavernous artery. Only changes between baseline and twelve-months mean values of the diameter (0.725 <i>vs.</i> 0.67 mm; <i>p</i>= 0.033) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the right cavernous artery (32.6 <i>vs.</i> 27.22 cm/s; <i>p</i> = 0.004) presented significant variations. The rest of the parameters were close to statistical significance, except for EDV of the right cavernous artery (<i>p</i> = 0.887). The erectile function domain of the IIEF showed a significant decrease (median at baseline: 26 <i>vs.</i> post-surgery: 7; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) as well as the EHS test (grade I at baseline: 2.4% <i>vs.</i> 12-months: 31.3%; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Our study supports the idea that LRP produces local vascular injuries. A decrease in the PSV and in the diameter of both cavernous arteries was observed with PDUS and it may explain the vascular origin of ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 2","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonia Franco Jaén, Jose Manuel Rodríguez González, Amor Espinosa García
{"title":"Sexual abuse and dysfunction in people with addiction problems and the general population. A descriptive study.","authors":"Sonia Franco Jaén, Jose Manuel Rodríguez González, Amor Espinosa García","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.011","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fact of having suffered Childhood Sexual Abuse (ASI) is considered a risk factor for the subsequent development of sexual dysfunctions, these being more frequent among women than among men. The objective of this work is to analyze the different sexual dysfunctions in people who have suffered ASI, with addiction problems and in the general population. The sample is made up of 426 participants (241 men and 185 women). A retrospective <i>ex post facto</i> study has been carried out using a sociodemographic data questionnaire (<i>ad hoc</i>) and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). For data analysis, the Kolomogorov-Smirnov and Mann Whitney U tests were performed. The Mann-Whitney U test has been carried out to verify if there are significant differences between the people who present sexual dysfunction, between the groups that have suffered sexual abuse and have addiction problems, and the group that has not suffered sexual abuse and have addiction problems. The results indicate that the variables in which significant differences are found are the following: Dissatisfaction (<i>p</i> = 0.013), Avoidance (<i>p</i> < 0.001), No sensuality (<i>p</i> = 0.008), Vaginismus (<i>p</i> < 0.001), Anorgasmia (<i>p</i> < 0.001), erectile dysfunction (<i>p</i> = 0.045), and premature ejaculation (<i>p</i> = 0.007). The average scores that have been obtained among people who have addiction problems, without having suffered ASI in comparison with those who have suffered it, are the following: Dissatisfaction (5.09 <i>vs.</i> 6.41), Avoidance (2.03 <i>vs.</i> 2.22), No Sensuality (2.96 <i>vs.</i> 4.50), Vaginismus (0.88 <i>vs.</i> 2.94), Anorgasmia (0.97 <i>vs.</i> 3.78), Erectile Dysfunction (2.41 <i>vs.</i> 1.69), Premature Ejaculation (3.60 <i>vs.</i> 2.22). People who have suffered ASI present, with a greater probability, sexual dysfunctions than those who have not suffered it.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 2","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The microbiota of sexual intercourse and its effect on prostatitis.","authors":"Yurani Marllely Saldarriaga López, Valeria Santacruz Restrepo, Walter Darío Cardona Maya, Jenniffer Puerta Suárez","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.006","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is estimated that microorganisms colonize 90% of the body surface. In some tracts, such as the genitourinary tract, the microbiota varies throughout life, influenced by hormonal stimulation and sexual practices. This study evaluated the semen differences and presence of <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus iners</i>, <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> and <i>Atopobium vaginae</i> in semen samples from patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis and men asymptomatic for urogenital infections. Fifty-three semen samples were included: 22 samples from men with symptoms of chronic prostatitis and 31 asymptomatic men (control group). In addition to the presence of <i>L. crispatus</i>, <i>L. iners</i>, <i>G. vaginalis</i> and <i>A. vaginae</i>, semen parameters, total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma, prostatic antigen and some proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated in each semen sample. Volunteers with symptoms of chronic prostatitis presented a lower percentage of sperm morphology (4.3% <i>vs.</i> control group 6.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.004); in the semen samples of volunteers in the group asymptomatic for urogenital infections, microorganisms associated with the vaginal microbiota were detected more frequently. The presence of bacteria in the vaginal microbiota can also benefit male reproductive health, which undergoes various modifications related to lifestyle habits that are susceptible to modification. Microorganisms associated with the vaginal microbiota, such as <i>L. crispatus</i>, <i>L. iners</i>, <i>G. vaginalis</i> and <i>A. vaginae</i>, may have a protective role against the development of male genitourinary diseases such as prostatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 1","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cevahir Ozer, Eray Hasirci, Erman Ceyhan, Mehmet Vehbi Kayra, Cagla Sarıturk, Mehmet Resit Goren
{"title":"Microdissection testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermic patients with solitary testis: a retrospective case-control study.","authors":"Cevahir Ozer, Eray Hasirci, Erman Ceyhan, Mehmet Vehbi Kayra, Cagla Sarıturk, Mehmet Resit Goren","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.003","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obtaining sperm from the testis surgically and using these sperm with the intracytoplasmic sperm injection technique, has opened the way for the possibility of biological fathering in men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). We aimed to evaluate our sperm retrieval rate (SRR) by microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in NOA patients with solitary testis. In this retrospective case-control study, fortyfive patients with NOA who had a congenital or acquired solitary testis were included, between September 2003 and January 2022. These patients were randomly matched with patients with NOA who had bilateral testes, using a 1:3 matching ratio. We found that SRR by micro-TESE in patients with solitary testis was similar to NOA patients with bilateral testis (51.1% <i>vs.</i> 50.4%). Age, infertility period, ejaculate volume, serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, history of varicocelectomy, history of orchiopexy, testicular stimulation therapy before micro-TESE, testicular volume, genetic status, TESE side, micro-TESE success, complications and histopathological evaluation results of both groups were evaluated, there was a statistically significant difference in only serum FSH and LH levels. There was no difference between the groups in terms of complications and hormonal effects in the early postoperative period. Micro-TESE in NOA patients with solitary testis has similar sperm retrieval and complication rates as NOA patients with bilateral testis.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 1","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azza G Farag, Eman A Badr, Wesam A Abdel-Aal, Shaimaa Y Abdel-Raouf, Ziad Elmadbouh, Mustafa Elshaib, Ibrahim Elmadbouh
{"title":"Dopamine as a potential diagnostic biomarker in women's sexual dysfunction.","authors":"Azza G Farag, Eman A Badr, Wesam A Abdel-Aal, Shaimaa Y Abdel-Raouf, Ziad Elmadbouh, Mustafa Elshaib, Ibrahim Elmadbouh","doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.002","DOIUrl":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dopamine and prolactin are the key mediators involved in sexual function in both males and females, but the role of dopamine in female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is still unclear. The aim was to investigate the possible role of dopamine and their relationship with sex steroid hormones (estrogen, progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA) and prolactin levels in Egyptian women suffering from sexual dysfunction. This study included 84 women having sexual dysfunction (FSD group) and 84 normal sexual function (control group). All women were subjected to the questionnaire to assess their demographic and gynecological data as well as female sexual function index (FSFI). Blood samples were collected from all women for measuring serum estradiol, progesterone, DHEA, prolactin and dopamine levels. FSD patients had significantly higher serum progesterone and DHEA and prolactin levels; while significantly lower dopamine and estradiol levels versus controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In all women, dopamine level appeared as a predictor of FSD at cut-off point ≤8.8 ng/mL with sensitivity (75%), specificity (92%) and accuracy (83%) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The low levels of dopamine were associated with significantly higher prevalence in patients with low estradiol (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and high progesterone (<i>p</i> < 0.001), DHEA (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and prolactin (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Also, dopamine was significantly positive correlation with arousal score (<i>r</i> = 0.16, <i>p</i> = 0.04), and negative correlation with age (<i>r</i> = -0.31, <i>p</i> < 0.001), pain score (<i>r</i> = -0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.01), DHEA (<i>r</i> = -0.45, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and prolactin (<i>r</i> = -0.28, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Low serum dopamine level is a potential diagnostic biomarker in women's sexual dysfunction and their association with high prolactin and sex steroid hormones dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":519907,"journal":{"name":"Revista internacional de andrologia","volume":"22 1","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}