BMC global and public health最新文献

{"title":"Pre-sleep screen time and screen time addiction as shared determinants of poor sleep and obesity in adolescents aged 11-14 years in Scotland.","authors":"Emma Louise Gale, Andrew James Williams, Joanne E Cecil","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00160-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00160-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The overall quantity of screen time has been associated with short sleep duration and increasingly sedentary lifestyles, leading to adiposity. The aim of this research was to explore which components of screen time usage are shared determinants of poor sleep and higher adiposity in adolescents, using data from the Teen Sleep Well Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 11-14 years in Fife, Scotland was conducted. Sleep was measured objectively using the Actigraph GT3X-BT and subjectively using validated questionnaires. Adiposity was assessed using body fat percentage (BF%) and obesity was measured using body mass index percentile (BMIp). Four components of screen time were addressed using questionnaires: the timing of screen time, quantity of screen time, location of screen time, and screen time addiction. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation tables, and adjusted regression analyses were used. Mediation analyses explored wellbeing as a factor in the association between screen time and sleep and obesity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-two participants (33 female/29 male, mean age 12.2 ± 1.1 years, mean BMIp 60.3 ± 32.1) completed the study. Excessive screen time pre-sleep (30 min before sleep) and post-sleep (first 30 min after waking), excessive screen time on a weekend, and screen time addiction were shared determinants of higher adiposity, a later chronotype (evening-preference) and poor sleep outcomes: poor sleep habits, increased insomnia symptoms (IS) and increased sleep onset variability. Mediation analyses confirmed that adolescent wellbeing mediated the association between pre-sleep screen time and IS (36.3%) and BF% (21.9%), post-sleep screen time and IS (37.7%) and BF% (30.4%), videogaming addiction and IS (31.9%) and BF% (34.6%), social media addiction and IS (35.0%) and BF% (17.4%), mobile phone addiction and IS (34.0%) and BF% (10.6%), weekday screen time and IS (58.1%) and BF% (39.8%), and weekend screen time and IS (51.4%) and BF% (38.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These screen time behaviours, alongside wellbeing should be considered in multi-component health-promoting interventions aimed at improving adolescent sleep and reducing obesity risk. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to clarify the directionality of these associations and determine the effectiveness of interventions that target both screen time behaviours and wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power and possibility: an intersectional perspective of campus sexual violence disclosure.","authors":"Jori Jones","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00163-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00163-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual violence on higher education campuses represents a global public health crisis that threatens students' safety, well-being, and academic success. Despite increasing awareness and available supports, most students who experience sexual violence do not disclose their experiences. This perspective article critically explores the disclosure process through an intersectional lens, revealing how institutional barriers, systemic oppressions including racism, ableism, and transphobia, and power structures shape students' decisions to seek support after sexual violence. Drawing on firsthand insights as a social worker and researcher in a Canadian campus sexual violence support office, I explore the often-overlooked risk of further harm during or following disclosure. The discussion provides a globally relevant perspective on the shared challenges student survivors face across various cultural and institutional contexts. I challenge one-size-fits-all response models and advocate for transformative, student-centered approaches that prioritize student survivor choice, justice, and equitable care. By exploring the systemic impacts of disclosure and its nuanced complexities, this perspective contributes to global conversations on campus sexual violence and identifies critical gaps in research. It demonstrates how intersectional frameworks are essential to developing ethical, responsive, and empowering practices that reduce harm and uphold student survivors' agency. Ultimately, it calls for a fundamental reimagining of support systems that honor diverse student experiences, validate both disclosure and non-disclosure, and confront the realities of sexual violence in academic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building health systems capable of leveraging AI: applying Paul Farmer's 5S framework for equitable global health.","authors":"Liam G McCoy, Azra Bihorac, Leo Anthony Celi, Matthew Elmore, Divya Kewalramani, Teddy Kwaga, Nicole Martinez-Martin, Renata Prôa, Joel Schamroth, Jonathan D Shaffer, Alaa Youssef, Amelia Fiske","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00158-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00158-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare is often positioned as a solution to the greatest challenges facing global health. Advocates propose that AI can bridge gaps in care delivery and access, improving healthcare quality and reducing inequity, including in resource-constrained settings. A broad base of critical scholarship has highlighted important issues with healthcare AI, including algorithmic bias and inequitable and inaccurate model outputs. While such criticisms are valid, there exists a much more fundamental challenge that is often overlooked in global health policy debates: the dangerous mismatch between AI's imagined benefits and the material realities of healthcare systems globally. AI cannot be deployed effectively or ethically in contexts lacking sufficient social and material infrastructure and resources to provide effective healthcare services. Continued investments in AI within unprepared, under-resourced contexts risk misallocating resources and potentially causing more harm than good. The article concludes by providing concrete questions to assess AI systemic capacity and socio-technical readiness in global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A population-level analysis of armed conflict and diphtheria at the subnational level in the WHO African Region 2017-2024.","authors":"Tierney O'Sullivan, Lindsay T Keegan","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00156-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00156-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diphtheria has been re-emerging around the world at alarming rates, raising concerns about emergency preparedness, especially when global supplies of life-saving diphtheria antitoxin are insufficient. Outbreaks have occurred in areas with suboptimal coverage of the three-dose diphtheria tetanus and pertussis (DTP3) vaccine and regions experiencing conflict, but systematic studies assessing the association between these variables and the risk of diphtheria emergence are limited. This population-level study investigated the relationship between fatalities from armed conflict, childhood DTP3 vaccination coverage, and the presence of reported diphtheria cases in countries in the World Health Organization's (WHO) African region from 2017 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis was conducted at a subnational geographic scale (I countries = 35, N subnational regions = 541). Data sources include DTP3 coverage from the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), conflict-related fatalities from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Database (ACLED), and diphtheria cases from the WHO. We first assessed whether a history of fatalities from armed conflict is a predictor of childhood DTP3 coverage using mixed-effects beta regression. To assess the relationship between conflict and diphtheria emergence, we fit a crude logistic regression model to assess their overall association in the study period, as well as repeated measures mixed-effects models to estimate the relationship between time-varying rates of conflict-related fatalities and diphtheria status, adjusting for diphtheria vaccine coverage estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conflict and subsequent childhood DTP3 vaccine coverage were negatively associated (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98). Conflict is also a significant predictor of diphtheria presence, both in the crude (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.17-1.68) and best-fitting repeated measures model (OR = 30.30, 95% CI 23.30-39.39), though risk varied by location. The best-fit model also associated lower estimates of diphtheria risk in areas with high (> 80%) and low (< 25%) vaccine coverage, though this is possibly due to underreporting of the true burden of disease in low-resource settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This exploratory analysis indicates that conflict-related fatalities are potentially helpful indicators of subnational diphtheria risk in countries in the WHO African region from 2017 to 2024. Further, it may be especially useful in cases where estimates of population-level diphtheria immunity are limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability of radiation therapy facilities in Iran in a global context.","authors":"Mohammad-Salar Hosseini","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00154-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00154-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How competing needs after incarceration lead to adverse health outcomes among people who use criminalized drugs.","authors":"Catherine Paquette, Kate Ehle, Margaret Roach, Tasia Danns, Katherine LeMasters, Betsy Craft, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00152-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00152-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the USA, people with a history of criminalized drug use and drug use disorders reentering the community after incarceration frequently experience adverse health outcomes including overdose, suicide, and infectious disease acquisition. This review presents a conceptual model for understanding risk pathways for these outcomes related to post-release psychosocial needs. We first summarize the literature on post-release needs experienced by people who use criminalized drugs during reentry in multiple domains, including basic needs and those related to relationships as well as medical, mental health, and substance use problems. Drawing from a socioecological model, we demonstrate how vulnerability factors related to criminal legal involvement and criminalized drug use operate at intrapersonal (i.e., individual), interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy levels to negatively affect the ability of people who use drugs to meet each of these types of needs. We present research demonstrating that when people leaving incarceration are met with the overwhelming task of addressing competing demands, they often experience strong negative affect, which can lead to risk-conferring behaviors including criminalized drug use. Competing needs also create environmental conditions that amplify risk. We argue for the importance of interventions that address determinants of post-release health at individual and social-environmental levels to prevent adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytic methodology for demographic variation analyses for wave 1 of the global flourishing study.","authors":"R Noah Padgett, Matt Bradshaw, Ying Chen, Richard G Cowden, Sung Joon Jang, Eric S Kim, Koichiro Shiba, Byron R Johnson, Tyler J VanderWeele","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00140-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00140-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we describe the statistical and design methodology of the demographic variation analyses used as part of a coordinated set of manuscripts for wave 1 of the Global Flourishing Study (GFS). Aspects covered include the following: evaluating demographic variation, accounting for the complex sampling design, missing data and imputation, and meta-analysis. We provide a brief illustrative example of the demographic variation analyses using a measure of purpose in life from the GFS survey and conclude by outlining some strengths and limitations of the analytic and statistical methodology employed.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic variation in self-rated physical health across 22 countries: findings from the Global Flourishing Study.","authors":"Matt Bradshaw, Blake Victor Kent, Jeff Levin, Jennifer Susan Wortham, Noémie Le Pertel, Tyler J VanderWeele, Byron R Johnson","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00141-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00141-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Relatively few studies have examined how self-rated physical health (SRH) varies across: (a) countries around the world and (b) demographic characteristics in diverse nations and cultures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study addresses these issues by providing a cross-national random effects meta-analysis of SRH using data from the Global Flourishing Study (GFS), an international survey of 202,898 individuals from 22 geographically, economically, and culturally diverse countries collected in 2022-2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On a scale of 0-10 (0 = poor and 10 = excellent), the mean SRH ranged from 5.97 in Japan to 8.29 in Indonesia. Three of the four largest SRH means were found in developing, non-Western countries (Indonesia, Nigeria, and Kenya), while the five lowest were in economically developed nations (Germany, Australia, Sweden, the UK, and Japan). Countries also differed in the degree of variation around the mean. SRH was more evenly dispersed in nations like Israel, Poland, and the USA and more unequally distributed in places like Egypt, Tanzania, and India. SRH also varied across demographic characteristics. Results from a random effects meta-analysis of all 22 countries showed that SRH varied across age, gender, marital status, employment, education, religious service attendance, and immigration status in at least some countries. In general, SRH tended to be higher among: (a) younger individuals; (b) males; (c) those who were single/never married, married, or had domestic partnerships (compared with other groups such as widowed, divorced, or separated); (d) employed individuals and students; (e) people with more years of education; and (f) those who attended religious services. There was considerable heterogeneity across countries in the associations between demographic characteristics and SRH, however, suggesting that country-level contexts are important. Results were similar when weighted based on the population size in each country.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While being mindful of challenges due to varying cultural contexts and possible interpretations and translations of key survey questions, findings suggest substantial variation in SRH across countries and meaningful demographic characteristics. This study lays the foundation for future longitudinal GFS studies on the causes and correlates of SRH in a global context.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of the Global Flourishing Study questionnaire: charting the evolution of a new 109-item inventory of human flourishing.","authors":"Tim Lomas, Matt Bradshaw, Brendan Case, Richard G Cowden, Steve Crabtree, Cynthia English, Alex Fogleman, Kathryn A Johnson, Zacc Ritter, Byron R Johnson, Tyler J VanderWeele","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00139-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00139-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the well-founded critiques of academia as Western-centric, there are increasing efforts to conduct research that is more cross-cultural and global. These dynamics apply to all aspects of life, including human flourishing, as exemplified by the new Global Flourishing Study (GFS), a longitudinal panel study investigating the predictors and components of flourishing across over 200,000 participants from 22 geographically and culturally diverse countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong [S.A.R of China, with mainland China also included from 2024 onwards], Egypt, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Tanzania, Turkey, UK, and USA). The research is not only comprehensive in its global reach but also its conceptual coverage of flourishing, involving 109 distinct questions (comprising a one-off intake survey of 43 items and an annual survey of 71 items, with five items shared by both). This paper elucidates the questionnaire development process, giving a transparent and open accounting of its multi-phase construction. By describing this process in detail, this article not only articulates the nature of the GFS but also serves as a useful resource in the survey development literature more broadly (e.g., for scholars undertaking similar endeavors).</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytic methodology for childhood predictor analyses for wave 1 of the Global Flourishing Study.","authors":"R Noah Padgett, Matt Bradshaw, Ying Chen, Richard G Cowden, Sung Joon Jang, Eric S Kim, Koichiro Shiba, Byron R Johnson, Tyler J VanderWeele","doi":"10.1186/s44263-025-00142-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00142-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we describe the statistical and design methodology of the demographic variation analyses used as part of a coordinated set of manuscripts for wave 1 of the Global Flourishing Study (GFS). Aspects covered include the following: childhood predictors regression analyses, accounting for the complex sampling design, missing data and imputation, sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding and meta-analysis. We provide a brief illustrative example of the childhood predictor analyses using the sense of mastery construct indicator from the GFS survey and conclude by outlining some strengths and limitations of the methodology employed.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"3 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}