BMC global and public health最新文献

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on health service utilization in sub-Saharan Africa-a scoping review.","authors":"Elliot Koranteng Tannor, John Amuasi, Reinhard Busse, Daniel Opoku, Emmanuel Ofori, Kwadwo Faka Gyan, Minas Aikins, Kojo Hutton-Mensah, Priscilla Opare-Addo, Wilm Quentin","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00083-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00083-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite comparatively low rates of COVID-19 admissions and recorded deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the pandemic still had significant impact on health service utilization (HSU). The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize the available evidence of HSU in SSA during the pandemic, focusing on types of studies, changes in HSU compared with the pre-pandemic period, and changes among specific patient groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The scoping review was guided by the methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O'Malley. We identified relevant studies through a search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. We then provided a general descriptive overview of the extracted data focusing on the types of studies, patient groups, and change in HSU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 262 studies reporting on HSU in 39 SSA countries. Studies were mainly quantitative (192; 73.3%), involving multiple centers (163; 62.2%), conducted in hospitals (205; 78.2%), and in urban settings (121; 46.2%). The median number of participants was 836.5 (IQR: 101.5-5897) involving 62.5% females. Most studies (92; 35.1%) focused on communicable diseases and mainly among outpatients (90; 34.2%). Maternal and child health studies formed the largest patient group (58; 22.1%) followed by people living with HIV (32; 12.2%). Change in HSU was reported in 249 (95.0%) studies with 221 (84.4%) studies reporting a decrease in HSU. The median decrease in HSU was 35.6% (IQR: 19.0-55.8) and median increase was 16.2% (IQR: 9.1-31.9). The patient group with the largest percentage decrease was cardiovascular diseases (68.0%; IQR: 16.7-71.1) and the lowest percentage decrease was in patients with infections (27.0%; IQR: 16.6-45.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A large body of literature is available on the effects of the pandemic on HSU in SSA. Most studies report decreases in HSU during the pandemic. However, patterns differ widely across disease categories, patient groups, and during different time periods of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural and social factors associated with generalized anxiety disorder among adolescent mothers during the postpartum period in Malawi: a cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Chimwemwe Tembo, Linda Portsmouth, Sharyn Burns","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00080-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00080-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The postnatal period is an important time for adolescent mothers to regain their health as they adjust to life with their infants. However, it is also a time when mothers are vulnerable to mental health problems. Generalized anxiety disorders (GADs) are among the common mental disorders that can impact mothers. Anxiety disorders can have adverse effects on a child's cognitive development. However, there is a scarcity of studies pertaining to anxiety disorders among adolescent mothers in Malawi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adolescent postnatal mothers aged ≤ 19 years to establish the prevalence of probable GAD and identify cultural and social factors that influence anxiety in this population. Adolescent mothers were recruited from the Mitundu Rural Hospital catchment area in Lilongwe district, Malawi. A two-stage random sampling method was employed: clinics were randomly selected, and participants were recruited via systematic random sampling. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale was used to assess anxiety. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 395 adolescent mothers who participated, 34% were aged 14-17. The prevalence of probable GAD (GAD-7 ≥ 10) was 31.9%. Increased social support decreased the odds of probable GAD (aOR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.98, p < 0.001). Experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) increased the likelihood of probable GAD (aOR 4.80, 95% CI: 1.23-18.82, p = 0.02), while those who had contact with a health worker postnatally (aOR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17-0.83, p = 0.02) and those who were \"not prayerful\" (aOR, 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21-0.87, p = 0.02) were less likely to report probable GAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given that the prevalence of probable GAD among adolescent mothers in Malawi is higher compared to the global estimates of their peers, policies and guidelines that prioritize the maternal mental health of adolescent mothers in Malawi are required. The findings also highlight the importance of enhancing social support among family and community. Co-designed mental health promotion, prevention, and early interventions to involve health workers and religious leaders are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate partner violence in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex relationships: a call for research-to-action partnerships in higher education settings.","authors":"Lu Gram, John Blevins, Stephanie Miedema, Anh Tu Hoang, Kathryn M Yount","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00085-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00085-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebrating the first anniversary of BMC Global and Public Health.","authors":"Ben Cranfield, Gen Li, Gerrit John-Schuster","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00086-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00086-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling COVID-19 transmission dynamics in Laos under non-pharmaceutical interventions, vaccination, and replacement of SARS-CoV-2 variants.","authors":"Xu-Sheng Zhang, Hong Luo, Andre Charlett, Daniela DeAngelis, Wei Liu, Peter Vickerman, Mark Woolhouse, Linxiong Wu","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00069-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00069-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic evolved under control measures is crucial to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread. Laos, a country bordering China but with late occurrence and low burden of COVID-19 compared to its neighbouring countries, was used for a case study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A transmission model with disease reporting was proposed to investigate the impact of control measures on the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread in Laos from April 2021 to May 2022. It was assumed that the transmission rate changed with people's behaviours, control measures and emerging variants; susceptibility decreased with vaccination and infection. Bayesian inference was used for model calibration to data of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries, and the deviance information criterion was used to select the best model variant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our model including Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), behaviour change, vaccination, and changing variants well explained the three waves in Laos. The Alpha variant was estimated to have a basic reproduction number of 1.55 (95% CrI: 1.47-1.64) and was replaced by the Delta variant from September 2021 which was 1.88 (95% CrI: 1.77-2.01) times more transmissible; the Delta variant was replaced by Omicron variant from March 2022 which was 3.33 (95% CrI: 2.84-3.74) times more transmissible. The Delta variant was the most severe with a case fatality rate of 1.05% (95% CrI: 0.96-1.15%) while the Alpha variant and Omicron variant were much milder. The ascertainment rate was low and variable: first decreasing from 13.2 to 1.8% by 23 May 2021, and then increasing to 23.4% by 15 March 2022. Counterfactual simulations indicated that vaccination played strong roles in reducing infections even under the emergence of immune escape variants while behaviour change delayed but might not flatten the peak of outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The three waves of Laos' epidemics were due to the invasion of more transmissible and immune escape variants that affected the herd immunity built via vaccination and infection. Even with immunity waning and the escape of new variants, vaccination was still the major contributor to control COVID-19 and combining behaviour changes and vaccination would best suppress future outbreaks of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global efforts to identify and support people with tuberculosis.","authors":"Gerrit John-Schuster","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00067-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00067-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Achieving equitable leadership in Global Health partnerships: barriers experienced and strategies to improve grant funding for early- and mid-career researchers.","authors":"Chido Dziva Chikwari, Amare Worku Tadesse, Kwame Shanaube, Anna Shepherd, Christopher Finn McQuaid, Toyin O Togun","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00064-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00064-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the effects of the Ebola experience on behavior choices during COVID-19 in Liberia: a mixed-methods study across successive outbreaks.","authors":"Laura A Skrip, Malcom B Weller, Sheikh Dukuly, Neima Candy, Wahdae-Mai Harmon-Gray, Adolphus Clarke, Bernice T Dahn","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00054-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00054-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of morbidity and mortality differentially affected populations. Between and within populations, behavior change was likewise heterogeneous. Factors influencing precautionary behavior adoption during COVID-19 have been associated with multidimensional aspects of risk perception; however, the influence of lived experiences during other recent outbreaks on behavior change during COVID-19 has been less studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To consider how the direct disease experience (\"near misses\") and behavior change during the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak may have impacted behavior change during the early waves of the COVID-19 outbreak in West Africa, we analyzed data from a mixed-methods study that included a phone-based survey and in-depth interviews among vaccinated Liberian adults. Logistic regression via generalized estimating equations with quasi-likelihood information criterion (QIC)-based model selection was conducted to evaluate the influence of the interaction between and individual effects of the outbreak (EVD and COVID-19) and the \"near-miss\" experience on adoption of individual precautionary behaviors. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts explored reasons for differential behavior adoption between the two outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the population level, being a \"near miss\" was not associated with significantly different behavior during COVID-19 versus Ebola; however, overall, people had lower odds of adopting precautionary behaviors during COVID-19 relative to during Ebola. Participants who report near miss experiences during Ebola were significantly more likely to report having a household member test positive for COVID-19 (p<0.001). Qualitatively, participants often reflected on themes around more proximal and personal experiences with Ebola than with COVID-19; they also commented on how EVD led to better preparedness at the systems level and within communities for how to behave during an outbreak, despite such awareness not necessarily translating into action during COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that perceived proximity and intensity to disease threats in space and time affect behavioral decisions. For successive disease threats, comparisons of the present outbreak to past outbreaks compound those effects, regardless of whether individuals were directly impacted via a \"near-miss\" experience. Measures, such as risk communication and community engagement efforts, that gauge and reflect comparisons with previous outbreaks should be considered in response strategies to enhance the adoption of precautionary behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting public health communities worldwide.","authors":"Ben Cranfield, Gen Li","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00051-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00051-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a fractional dose of inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV) to increase IPV coverage among children under 5 years of age in Somalia.","authors":"Khaliif Nouh, Abdirizak Haga, Kyandindi Sumaili, Muhammad Farid, Mohamed Alin, Mukhtar Shube, Abdirizak Abshir, Mohamed Hiirad, Muhyadeen Ahmed, Ahmed Bile","doi":"10.1186/s44263-024-00044-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44263-024-00044-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Global efforts reduced incidence of polio cases from 350,000 in 1988 to 22 cases in 2022 globally. There have been no wild poliovirus (WPV) cases seen in Somalia since August 2014. However, in 2017, there was a surge in the number of cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2), even with different intervention responses using monovalent oral polio vaccine type 2 (mOPV2). This study aimed to assess the use of fractional inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV), a smaller dose of the polio vaccine, equal to 1/5 of a standard dose, as an innovative polio vaccination delivery model, and identify the main opportunities for and challenges to the use of fIPV in the future for vaccinations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used two designs: a quasi-experimental design used to pilot fIPV in five districts and a cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect primary data. A simple random sampling method was used to select 2 out of the 5 pilot districts for household surveys to study 768 participants. Key informant interviews and focus-group discussions were used to collect data from key frontline health workers and health/immunization officials involved in the campaigns. Secondary data from the pilot campaigns were analysed, such as administrative pilot data, lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) and post-campaign communication assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 131,789 children aged 4-59 months were included for the pilot. Among these, 126,659 (96.1%) and 126,063 (95.6%) children were vaccinated in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Out of the 768 households assessed, 99.9% had their children vaccinated. Nearly half of the few children who were not vaccinated were reported to be due to the parent of the child not being at home (48%). Ninety-seven percent of the qualitative study interviewees were satisfied with fIPV injection and recommended its use for routine immunization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study findings are promising in the use of fIPV in mass campaigns to realize better coverage and global polio eradication. fIPV will potentially be used by policymakers in the design of polio eradication campaigns that integrate the fIPV vaccine into routine or supplementary immunization.</p>","PeriodicalId":519903,"journal":{"name":"BMC global and public health","volume":"2 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}