The Review of scientific instruments最新文献_第4页

Gentle nano-electrospray ion source for reliable and efficient generation of microsolvated ions. 温和的纳米电喷雾离子源，可靠、高效地产生微溶剂化离子。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0119580

Andrei Zviagin, Vladimir Kopysov, Oleg V Boyarkin

引用次数: 3

Near-zero-field magnetoresistance measurements: A simple method to track atomic-scale defects involved in metal-oxide-semiconductor device reliability. 近零场磁阻测量:一种简单的方法来跟踪涉及金属氧化物半导体器件可靠性的原子尺度缺陷。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0080960

Stephen J Moxim, Fedor V Sharov, David R Hughart, Gaddi S Haase, Colin G McKay, Elias B Frantz, Patrick M Lenhan

引用次数: 2

Analysis method for calculating radial correlation length of electron temperature turbulence from correlation electron cyclotron emission radiometer. 相关电子回旋辐射计计算电子温度湍流径向相关长度的分析方法。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101680

G Wang, T L Rhodes, W A Peebles

{"title":"Analysis method for calculating radial correlation length of electron temperature turbulence from correlation electron cyclotron emission radiometer.","authors":"G Wang, T L Rhodes, W A Peebles","doi":"10.1063/5.0101680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101680","url":null,"abstract":"The radial correlation length (Lr) is one of the essential quantities to measure in order to more fully characterize and understand turbulence and anomalous transport in magnetic fusion plasmas. The analysis method for calculating Lr of electron temperature (Te) turbulence from correlation electron cyclotron emission (correlation ECE or CECE) radiometer measurements has not been fully developed partly due to the fact that the turbulent electron temperature fluctuations are generally imbedded in much larger amplitude thermal noise, which leads to a greatly reduced cross correlation coefficient (ϱ) between two spatially separated ECE signals. This work finds that this ϱ reduction factor due to thermal noise is a function of the local relative temperature fluctuation power and CECE system bandwidths of intermediate and video frequencies, independent of radial separations. This indicates that under the approximation of constant relative temperature fluctuation power for a small radial range of local CECE measurements, the original shape of ϱ as a function of radial separation without thermal noise is preserved in the CECE data with thermal noise present. For Te turbulence with a Gaussian radial wavenumber spectrum, a fit function using the product of Gaussian and sinusoidal functions is derived for calculating Lr. This analysis method has been numerically tested using simulated ECE radiometer data over a range of parameters. Using this method, the experimental temperature turbulence correlation length Lr in a DIII-D L-mode plasma is found to be ∼10 times the local ion gyroradius.","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post collision analyzer to study charge-exchange processes in ion-molecule collisions. 碰撞后分析仪用于研究离子-分子碰撞中的电荷交换过程。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0121351

Sumit Srivastav, Bhas Bapat

{"title":"Post collision analyzer to study charge-exchange processes in ion-molecule collisions.","authors":"Sumit Srivastav, Bhas Bapat","doi":"10.1063/5.0121351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0121351","url":null,"abstract":"We have designed an electrostatic charge state analyzer for ion beams having energies in the range of 5-20 keV/q. It is primarily built to investigate the different ionization processes involved in the slow (v < 1 a.u.) impact of highly charged ions on molecules. The analyzer is a cylindrical deflector analyzer (CDA) based on a pair of concentric cylindrical sectors of radii 110.2 and 95 mm, subtending an angle of 127° at its center. Additionally, an Einzel lens and a quadrupole deflector are deployed to focus and steer the ion beam. The compact design of the analyzer permits easy integration with an ion momentum spectrometer used for studying the fragmentation of the target molecules. The characterization of the CDA including its calibration and its transmission function is carried out using an ion beam delivered from an electron beam ion source. To check the performance of the setup, we have carried out experiments comprising the impact of Ar16+ projectiles on CO2 target molecules at an energy of 18 keV/q. With the help of the CDA, different charge exchange ionization processes, such as single capture, double capture, and triple capture of electrons by the projectile ion have been separated efficiently. The possibility of a modification in the geometry of CDA is discussed to further improve its performance.","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optical synchronization technique for all-optical Compton scattering. 全光康普顿散射的光学同步技术。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0115918

Do Yeon Kim, Calin Ioan Hojbota, Mohammad Mirzaie, Seong Ku Lee, Ki Yong Kim, Jae Hee Sung, Chang Hee Nam

引用次数: 0

Fourth generation cryogenic neutral cluster beam apparatus for studying fundamental properties of metallic clusters. 用于研究金属团簇基本性质的第四代低温中性束束仪。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087524

Lin Miao, Zhaojun Liu, Zeyang Chen, Xiaohan Wang, Ziwen Zhou, Jinbo Zhao, Shaozheng Fang, Guangjia Yin, Zezhao Jia, Jin Liu, Ramiro Moro, Walt A deHeer, Lei Ma

引用次数: 0

High-resolution Compton spectroscopy using x-ray microcalorimeters. 使用x射线微量热计的高分辨率康普顿光谱。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0092693

U Patel, T Guruswamy, A J Krzysko, H Charalambous, L Gades, K Wiaderek, O Quaranta, Y Ren, A Yakovenko, U Ruett, A Miceli

{"title":"High-resolution Compton spectroscopy using x-ray microcalorimeters.","authors":"U Patel, T Guruswamy, A J Krzysko, H Charalambous, L Gades, K Wiaderek, O Quaranta, Y Ren, A Yakovenko, U Ruett, A Miceli","doi":"10.1063/5.0092693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0092693","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray Compton spectroscopy is one of the few direct probes of the electron momentum distribution of bulk materials in ambient and operando environments. We report high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering experiments with high momentum and energy transfer performed at a storage-ring-based high-energy x-ray light source facility using an x-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter detector. The performance was compared with a silicon drift detector (SDD), an energy-resolving semiconductor detector, and Compton profiles were measured for lithium and cobalt oxide powders relevant to lithium-ion battery research. Spectroscopic analysis of the measured Compton profiles demonstrates the high-sensitivity to the low-Z elements and oxidation states. The line shape analysis of the measured Compton profiles in comparison with computed Hartree-Fock profiles is usually limited by the resolution of the semiconductor detector. We have characterized an x-ray TES microcalorimeter detector for high-resolution Compton scattering experiments using a bending magnet source at the Advanced Photon Source with a double crystal monochromator, providing monochromatic photon energies near 27.5 keV. The momentum resolution below 0.16 atomic units (a.u.) was measured, yielding an improvement of more than a factor of 7 over a state-of-the-art SDD for the same scattering geometry. Furthermore, the lineshapes of narrow valence and broad core electron profiles of sealed lithium metal were clearly resolved using an x-ray TES compared to smeared and broadened lineshapes observed when using the SDD. High-resolution Compton scattering using the energy-resolving area detector shown here presents new opportunities for spatial imaging of electron momentum distributions for a wide class of materials with applications ranging from electrochemistry to condensed matter physics.","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40462999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Modular pulsed power supply for characterization of high-power microwave devices. 用于高功率微波器件表征的模块化脉冲电源。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0095855

Subhash Kumar Ram, Brijendra Kumar Verma, Anand Abhishek, Sachin Devassy, Sukumar Mishra

{"title":"Modular pulsed power supply for characterization of high-power microwave devices.","authors":"Subhash Kumar Ram, Brijendra Kumar Verma, Anand Abhishek, Sachin Devassy, Sukumar Mishra","doi":"10.1063/5.0095855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0095855","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a robust and reliable high-voltage (HV) pulse power system (PPS) is essential for the characterization and testing of microwave tubes and industrial applications. This paper presents the design, simulation, and implementation of a modular and versatile high-voltage pulse power supply used in microwave device characterization and testing. A microcontroller-based digitally controlled pulse generation unit is also developed to generate the trigger pulses for high-voltage switching modules to control the turn-ON and turn-OFF of the switching devices. The digitally controlled pulse generation unit provides better resolution of pulse width, pulse repetition frequency, and system protection over the entire range of operations. The pulse generation and control circuit controls the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and pulse wide (PW). The PRF and PW can be varied from 100 to 1000 Hz and 10 to 100 µs, respectively. The experimental prototype with ten series-connected high-voltage modules is connected to achieve a 25 kV pulsed output voltage. The experimental results of HV-PPS on a resistive dummy load and 5 GHz klystron tube are presented in this work.","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"114713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Design of the high-yield time-gated x-ray hot-spot imager for OMEGA. OMEGA高产量时门控x射线热点成像仪的设计。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101673

S T Ivancic, W Theobald, K Churnetski, M Michalko, D Willistein, W A Bittle, S P Regan, A Carpenter, C Trosseille, J D Kilkenny, A Raymond, J D Hares, A K L Dymoke-Bradshaw, G Rochau, D Garand

{"title":"Design of the high-yield time-gated x-ray hot-spot imager for OMEGA.","authors":"S T Ivancic, W Theobald, K Churnetski, M Michalko, D Willistein, W A Bittle, S P Regan, A Carpenter, C Trosseille, J D Kilkenny, A Raymond, J D Hares, A K L Dymoke-Bradshaw, G Rochau, D Garand","doi":"10.1063/5.0101673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101673","url":null,"abstract":"Time-resolved x-ray self-emission imaging of hot spots in inertial confinement fusion experiments along several lines of sight provides critical information on the pressure and the transient morphology of the hot spot on the University of Rochester's OMEGA Laser System. At least three quasi-orthogonal lines of sight are required to infer the tomographic information of the hot spots of deuterium-tritium cryogenic layered implosions. OMEGA currently has two time-gated x-ray hot-spot imagers: the time-resolved Kirkpatrick-Baez x-ray microscope and the single-line-of-sight, time-resolved x-ray imager (SLOS-TRXI). The time-gated x-ray hot-spot imager (XRHSI) is being developed for use on OMEGA as the third line of sight for the high-yield operation of up to 4 × 1014 neutrons. XRHSI follows the SLOS-TRXI concept; however, it will have improved spatial and temporal resolutions of 5 μm and 20 ps, respectively. The simultaneous operation of the three instruments will provide 3-D reconstructions of the assembled hot-spot fuel at various times through peak thermonuclear output. The technical approach consists of a pinhole array imager and demagnifying time-dilation drift tube that are coupled to two side-by-side hybrid complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (hCMOS) image sensors. To minimize the background and to harden the diagnostics, an angled drift-tube assembly shifting the hCMOS sensors out of the direct line of sight and neutron shielding will be applied. The technical design space for the instrument will be discussed and the conceptual design will be presented.","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A hybrid coded-aperture and Compton camera based on cerium-doped Gd₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ scintillators coupled with multi-pixel photon counter arrays. 基于掺铈Gd3Al2Ga3O12闪烁体耦合多像素光子计数器阵列的混合编码孔径和康普顿相机。

IF 1.6

The Review of scientific instruments Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0097257

Lingqin Kong, Lei Shuai, Xiuzuo Liang, Daowu Li, Jipeng Zhang, Wei Zhou, Yao Yang, Xiaoming Wang, Xuanhou Hu, Chunmiao Li, Yue Yu, Yi Ding, Fanhui Meng, Yiwen Zhang, Long Wei

{"title":"A hybrid coded-aperture and Compton camera based on cerium-doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 scintillators coupled with multi-pixel photon counter arrays.","authors":"Lingqin Kong, Lei Shuai, Xiuzuo Liang, Daowu Li, Jipeng Zhang, Wei Zhou, Yao Yang, Xiaoming Wang, Xuanhou Hu, Chunmiao Li, Yue Yu, Yi Ding, Fanhui Meng, Yiwen Zhang, Long Wei","doi":"10.1063/5.0097257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0097257","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we propose a hybrid coded-aperture and Compton camera based on cerium-doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (GAGG:Ce) scintillator arrays coupled with Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) arrays. The sensitive detector of the gamma camera consists of a single GAGG:Ce crystal coupled with a single-chip MPPC unit module. An impedance bridge circuit and a 64-channel data acquisition system were employed to record the code-aperture events and Compton coincidence events. After the calibration of position and energy, the total energy resolution for 662 keV gamma-rays from 137Cs was 6.6%. The hybrid camera had the characteristics of mechanical collimation and electronic collimation at the same time. In the code aperture mode, the reconstructed images were obtained by direct deconvolution and maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) methods. In the Compton imaging mode, the energy-dependent method was applied to order the sequence of Compton scatter events. The simple back-projection algorithm and list-mode MLEM algorithm were adopted for image reconstruction. Practical performances demonstrated that the angular resolutions in two modes were measured as 5.2° and 11.4°, respectively. In addition, the hybrid camera had a desirable imaging capability in a wide energy range (32 keV-2.6 MeV) and a wide field of view (∼210° in the horizontal direction). As for the sensitivity, the camera had a commercially available sensitivity level of localizing a 137Cs point source, producing ∼0.026 µSv/h in 5 min. Furthermore, the function of distinction for different radiation sources was preliminarily realized.","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0