History of Psychology最新文献_第7页

A neglected and forgotten episode of Nazi Race Psychology in Occupied Poland: A critical analysis by T. Tomaszewski (1945). 被忽视和被遗忘的纳粹种族心理在被占领的波兰:T. Tomaszewski(1945)的批判性分析。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000210

Wojciech Pisula, Hanna Mamzer, Jacek Mirecki, Reinhard Lauterbach, Dariusz Doliński

{"title":"A neglected and forgotten episode of Nazi Race Psychology in Occupied Poland: A critical analysis by T. Tomaszewski (1945).","authors":"Wojciech Pisula, Hanna Mamzer, Jacek Mirecki, Reinhard Lauterbach, Dariusz Doliński","doi":"10.1037/hop0000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000210","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1930s and 1940s, the Nazis used science as a tool for shaping state policy. One of the most abhorrent aspects of scientific collaboration with the Nazis at that time was the broadly defined field of \"race psychology.\" In this article, we focus on German comparative research on the psychology of Poles and Germans, as analyzed by Tadeusz Tomaszewski, who is considered to be one of the founders of contemporary Polish psychology. We illuminate this episode from the history of science by providing a full translation of Tomaszewski's article published in 1945 on a research project led by Rudolf Hippius conducted in 1942 in Poznań (in occupied Poland) in the name of the political interests and ideology of the Nazi regime. We also shed light on the historical context of Tomaszewski's article, which facilitates the understanding of the core ideas of race/ethnic psychology per se; the sociohistorical context also provides the framework in which the other research articles that we refer to must be read. Reading Tomaszewski's text today will enhance our understanding of the relationship between science and politics, and serve as a warning for researchers today. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39736625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A poem. 一首诗。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/h0101889

H. Whitaker

引用次数: 0

"Um, mm-h, yeah": Carl Rogers, phonographic recordings, and the making of therapeutic listening. “嗯，嗯，是的”:卡尔·罗杰斯，留声机录音，以及治疗性倾听的制作。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000216

Katja Guenther

引用次数: 4

Society for the History of Psychology news and notes. 心理学历史学会的新闻和笔记。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000222

Stephan Bonfield

引用次数: 0

Commentary on a recent event. 对最近事件的评论。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/h0101890

John P Jackson

{"title":"Commentary on a recent event.","authors":"John P Jackson","doi":"10.1037/h0101890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/h0101890","url":null,"abstract":"On May 14, 2022, a gunman walked into a supermarket in Buffalo, NY, and opened fire on the customers, killing 10 and injuring three. The alleged killer published a document explaining he chose a supermarket in a predominantly Black neighborhood to maximize the likelihood of killing Black people. He believed in the \"Great Replacement\" theory that Jews were conspiring to commit \"White Genocide\" by having inferior races outbreed the superior White race. The 180-page \"Manifesto\" relied on a mix of Internet memes, plagiarized arguments from a similar killing in New Zealand, links to White nationalist and antisemitic websites, and citations to scientific publications. Overwhelmingly, the scientific publications cited in the document were from psychology. In this brief article, the author contends that psychologists need to ask themselves why an alleged deranged killer took his inspiration from psychology and not, for example, human genetics. The answer is that geneticists have recognized the responsibility that comes along with inquiry. While researchers are free to pursue any questions they desire, scientific and editorial standards still need to be met for disciplinary integrity. The heart of academic freedom is the ability and responsibility to distinguish responsible scholarship from its pretender. Psychology must do better. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40680819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychology as if the whole earth mattered: Nuclear threat, environmental crisis, and the emergence of planetary psychology. 仿佛整个地球都很重要的心理学:核威胁、环境危机和行星心理学的出现。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000208

James Dunk

{"title":"Psychology as if the whole earth mattered: Nuclear threat, environmental crisis, and the emergence of planetary psychology.","authors":"James Dunk","doi":"10.1037/hop0000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000208","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces a genealogy for the various strands of contemporary psychology which are concerned with global environmental change, including conservation psychology, ecopsychology, and other subfields and interdisciplinary concentrations. Focusing on a network of psychiatrists, psychologists, and other researchers based at a research center founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1982, the article explores what those who first turned to the psychological causes and implications of climate change and other kinds of global environmental disruption had learned from their studies of nuclear-era psychology. The explorations of these researchers and practitioners in systems psychology, depth psychology, and political psychology, elicited by the first truly planetary crisis of the modern world, the threat of general nuclear war (which, apart from the enormous damage done at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and during weapons tests, remained largely theoretical), were applied to a new planetary crisis which was already unfolding: global environmental degradation. As they completed this pivot from the nuclear threat to the environmental crisis, at the end of the Cold War, using the language of the psychology of survival, these researchers displayed the form and function of what might be called a planetary psychology-of psychological theory and practice which broaches the planetary context of the individual psyche. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39741756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Georges Politzer's "brilliant errors": Concrete psychology in France (1930-1980). 乔治·波利策的“辉煌的错误”:法国的具体心理学(1930-1980)。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000156

Giuseppe Bianco

{"title":"Georges Politzer's \"brilliant errors\": Concrete psychology in France (1930-1980).","authors":"Giuseppe Bianco","doi":"10.1037/hop0000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000156","url":null,"abstract":"The present article assesses the hidden importance of Georges Politzer's (1903-1942) work in the development of French philosophy and psychology. After sketching his biography and isolating the most important concepts developed in his book Critique of the Foundations of Psychology (1928), this article proceeds by dividing his reception into four distinct moments, the features of which derive from the interconnected mutations of the scientific field in its relation with the transformation of the political field. In the first moment, the publication of the Critique, Politzer's most important work, played an essential role in introducing psychoanalysis into philosophy, psychology, and psychiatry, and in sketching the path of a possible encounter between psychoanalysis and Marxism. In the second moment, during the 1940s and the 1950s, following Politzer's Marxist auto-critique, French communists widely rejected psychoanalysis as a dangerous ideology. In the third moment, during the 1960s in a context marked by structuralism, both the psychoanalysts and the Marxists addressed to Politzer's humanism a new, theoretical, critique. Finally, at the end of the 1960s and even more after May 1968, Politzer's works were republished and reevaluated, and new transformations taking place in the intellectual and political field during the 1970s contributed to a better understanding of Politzer's essential role in French philosophy, psychology, and psychoanalysis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39414433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychology of eyewitness testimony in Germany in the 20th century. 20世纪德国目击者证词心理学。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000199

Siegfried Ludwig Sporer, Mauro Antonelli

{"title":"Psychology of eyewitness testimony in Germany in the 20th century.","authors":"Siegfried Ludwig Sporer, Mauro Antonelli","doi":"10.1037/hop0000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000199","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the psychology of eyewitness testimony cannot be adequately understood without taking the respective legal systems, that is inquisitorial versus adversarial system, into account. Across all periods, questions regarding the accuracy of testimony, its suggestibility, and intentional distortions in false accusations become apparent. We describe the history of the experimental psychology of testimony in Germany from the beginning of the 20th century until the time after the second world war. Louis William Stern and Otto Lipmann conceived and established a broad conception of Aussagepsychologie (psychology of report), attracting the collaboration of lawyers, pedagogues, and scholars from other disciplines to conduct laboratory and staged event experiments. They were successful in institutionalizing psychology and law by organizing interdisciplinary conferences, founding a journal, and testifying as experts in court. When appearing as experts, they encountered strong rivalry from psychiatrists. We also sketch some of the problems psychologists in Germany faced during the second world war. In our discussion, we stress the importance of legal, contextual, and sociocultural factors affecting both research outcomes and expert testimony, which appear to be parallel to present-day concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39583225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

How statistics became a "forbidden trick" for Soviet psychologists. 统计数据如何成为苏联心理学家的“禁忌把戏”。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000204

S. Morozova

{"title":"How statistics became a \"forbidden trick\" for Soviet psychologists.","authors":"S. Morozova","doi":"10.1037/hop0000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000204","url":null,"abstract":"This study reconstructs the process by which quantitative methods were gradually displaced from Russian psychology in the early Soviet period. By the early 1930s, there was a decline in the importance of mathematical methods in psychological disciplines. It was accompanied by the rejection of some mathematical methods and the ideologization of the description of quantitative methodology. After the Central Committee's decree \"O pedologicheskikh izvrashcheniyakh v sisteme Narkomprosov\" (\"On Pedological Perversions in the System of Narkomproses\") of 1936 was published in the pages of national newspapers, statistical practice was completely discredited. At the same time, textbooks on statistics in psychological disciplines were withdrawn from circulation. Scientists' attempts to defend the neutrality of scientific methods were unsuccessful and were publicly criticized. As a result, statistical practice almost completely disappeared from psychological disciplines after 1936, although there was no outright ban on the use of statistics. There are two possible reasons for this. First, psychologists may have abandoned statistical practices as a result of ideological pressure. Second, owing to the elimination of mathematical methods, internal disciplinary contradictions-in particular, those characteristic of pedology-were eliminated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45725187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Eugenics, social reform, and psychology: The careers of Isabelle Kendig": Correction to Harris (2021). “优生学、社会改革和心理学：伊莎贝尔·肯迪格的职业生涯”：对哈里斯的更正（2021）。

IF 0.5 4区心理学

History of Psychology Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000215

{"title":"\"Eugenics, social reform, and psychology: The careers of Isabelle Kendig\": Correction to Harris (2021).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/hop0000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000215","url":null,"abstract":"Reports an error in \"Eugenics, social reform, and psychology: The careers of Isabelle Kendig\" by Ben Harris (History of Psychology, 2021[Nov], Vol 24[4], 350-376). In the article, multiple instances of \"St. Elizabeths Hospital\" were incorrectly changed to \"St. Elizabeth's Hospital.\" The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2021-90746-001.) The psychologist Isabelle Kendig had two careers before earning her doctorate and rising to the position of chief psychologist at St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, DC. She began as a eugenic field worker in 1912, focusing on Shutesbury, Massachusetts, where she administered intelligence tests to the locals, collected gossip about their character, and created genealogical charts. When she presented her research to Charles Davenport and other social scientists concerned with social defect, Kendig dissented from eugenics orthodoxy. She was shunned by Davenport, who, in turn, falsified her findings to fit his beliefs. She was then hired by Massachusetts and New Hampshire to survey intellectual disability in each state. Following her work in eugenics, Kendig was briefly a leading figure in feminist and antimilitarist campaigns, including the National Women's Party and the 1924 presidential campaign of Senator Robert La Follette. In 1933, she earned a PhD in clinical psychology from Radcliffe and went on to help guide the field's post-WWII expansion. True to her feminist ideals and with the help of her husband, she juggled marriage, her three careers, and the parenting of four children. She thus serves as a noteworthy member of the second generation of women in psychology in the United States. Using unpublished correspondence between Kendig, her parents, and her future husband, this article offers a rare glimpse of a young feminist struggling to build a career and a life unconstrained by patriarchal norms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48504938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0