{"title":"Les mémoriaux du régime du Kampuchéa démocratique au Cambodge","authors":"Adriana Maria Escobar Rodriguez","doi":"10.3917/ving.137.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ving.137.0114","url":null,"abstract":"En 1979, le regime du Kampuchea democratique s’effondrait. Dans un contexte particulierement complexe, le nouveau regime, la Republique populaire du Kampuchea (RPK), mettait rapidement en place des dispositifs de memorialisation et de preservation des traces de la periode polpotiste. A Phnom Penh, le musee du genocide de Tuol Sleng etait amenage dans un ancien centre de securite khmer rouge, tandis que dans les provinces, les ossements des victimes etaient disposes dans des constructions a vocation politico-penale et memorielle. Apres les changements survenus dans les annees 1990 et malgre la deliquescence de l’entreprise memorielle instauree par la RPK, le musee de Tuol Sleng, ainsi que certains memoriaux et les ossements qu’ils abritent, se sont progressivement reaffirmes en tant que « biens » testimoniaux, constituant un patrimoine inedit au Cambodge. Fruit du travail de terrain et de la consultation de sources archivistiques et bibliographiques, cet article met ces lieux en lumiere : le contexte politique qui marqua leur genese, les volontes memorielles qu’ils ont cristallisees, le processus de patrimonialisation et les pratiques diverses dont ils font desormais l’objet.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83703889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le contentieux des anciens policiers nazis dans la RFA des années 1950: Une source pour l’histoire des criminels nazis","authors":"M. Vincent","doi":"10.3917/VING.139.0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.139.0177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82334462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’avènement du patrimoine ethnologique (1975-1984): domestiquer, disqualifier l’ethnographie associative","authors":"François Gasnault","doi":"10.3917/VING.137.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.137.0062","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishIn 1980, the creation of a government service and a scientific board devoted to ethnological heritage was the result of both the official implementation of an administrative report and the unofficial influence wielded by a close associate of Claude Levi-Strauss. Along with the support of the Endowment for Cultural Intervention and the Department of Studies of the Ministry of Culture, this service ultimately legitimized the contribution of militant ethnography, as practised by associations working to revive traditional forms of music and dance, with the Union Poitou-Charentes pour la culture populaire [Poitou-Charentes Association for Popular Culture] leading the charge. Nonetheless, as this service was largely incompatible with the desire to professionalize French ethnology, the co-construction of a heritage policy building off of this social movement quickly fizzled out. francaisLa creation en 1980 d’un conseil et d’une mission du patrimoine ethnologique resulte officiellement de la mise en œuvre du rapport d’un haut fonctionnaire et, dans la coulisse, de la strategie d’influence deployee par un proche collaborateur de Claude Levi-Strauss. Elle vient non moins legitimer, avec le soutien du Fonds d’intervention culturelle et du Service des etudes du ministere de la Culture, l’apport d’une ethnographie militante, portee par des associations impliquees dans la renaissance des musiques et danses traditionnelles, au premier chef l’Union Poitou-Charentes pour la culture populaire. Cependant, peu compatible avec le souci de professionnaliser l’ethnologie de la France, la co-construction d’une politique patrimoniale en prise sur le mouvement social tourne vite court","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75925681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aux origines de la Cour de sûreté de l’État: La conquête d’un pouvoir de punir par l’exécutif (1960-1963)","authors":"Victor Delaporte","doi":"10.3917/ving.140.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ving.140.0137","url":null,"abstract":"francaisDe 1963 a 1981, la Republique francaise dispose d’un tribunal d’exception, la Cour de surete de l’Etat (CSE), pour juger des opposants politiques. La creation par l’Assemblee nationale de cette juridiction politique en janvier 1963 ne doit pas etre consideree comme un acte fondateur. L’apparente nouveaute de la CSE masque en realite un processus d’institutionnalisation de la justice d’exception entame dans les derniers mois de la guerre d’independance algerienne. La CSE resulte de la transformation d’une juridiction temporaire creee en 1961, le Tribunal militaire, en une juridiction permanente. EnglishFrom 1963 to 1981, the French Republic had a special court, the Cour de surete de l’Etat [or State Security Court], which tried individuals accused of political crimes. The establishment of this political jurisdiction by the National Assembly in January 1963 should not be considered its original act of creation, however. Though apparently new, the Cour de surete de l’Etat in fact merely represented the institutionalisation of the justice d’exception [“exceptional justice”, or cases of treason and other exceptions to the legal system] which had been instated during the last months of the Algerian War of Independence. The Court was in fact the descendent of a temporary court created in 1961, the Tribunal militaire [Military Tribunal], now transformed into a permanent court.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81260040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"« Le chant, lui, s’échappera... »: Pour une histoire des sources littéraires de l’histoire de la Shoah","authors":"J. Lyon-Caen","doi":"10.3917/VING.139.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.139.0045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77977150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’impossible réforme de la Banque de France dans les années 1980: l’autonomie repoussée","authors":"B. Blancheton","doi":"10.3917/VING.138.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.138.0079","url":null,"abstract":"EnglishThis article contextualises the various attempts at reforming the independence of the Banque de France in the 1980s. It analyses Anglo-Saxon theoretical debates regarding fiscal independence and their slow penetration in France, as well as the expansion of the Banque de France’s legal and operational autonomy under the Mauroy and Fabius governments. The failure of three successive reform projects reveals just how attached French political and administrative leaders were to fiscal and monetary controls, and illustrates their high degree of scepticism regarding the ability of the Banque’s independence to ensure price stability. francaisCet article met en perspective les projets de reformes de l’autonomie de la Banque de France dans les annees 1980. Il analyse les debats theoriques anglo-saxons autour de l’independance, la lenteur de leur penetration en France, l’evolution du degre d’autonomie juridique et operationnelle de la Banque de France sous les gouvernements Mauroy et Fabius. L’echec de trois projets de reforme revele l’attachement des responsables politiques et administratifs a la maitrise des leviers monetaires et budgetaires et un scepticisme sur la capacite de l’autonomie a mieux garantir la stabilite des prix.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91049783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le patrimoine comme affaire de famille et expertise spirituelle en pays sioux à la fin du 20e siècle","authors":"T. Grillot","doi":"10.3917/VING.137.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.137.0137","url":null,"abstract":"Que peut vouloir dire le patrimoine dans un territoire qui n’a jamais ete decolonise ? L’application de la loi de protection et de rapatriement des tombes amerindiennes (ou NAGPRA, 1990) a la reserve indienne de Standing Rock aux Etats-Unis revele comment les memes acteurs peuvent tour a tour renforcer une vision classique du patrimoine comme ensemble d’objets ou meme de pratiques a preserver, et attaquer cette notion en denoncant le caractere colonial des institutions qui la portent. Loin d’un simple transfert entre Etats souverains, le rapatriement fragmente la notion meme de patrimoine en permettant l’accomplissement de rituels dont les organisateurs, des specialistes en spiritualite reconnus par la loi, brouillent la distinction entre vivants et morts, mais aussi entre specialistes et non-specialistes. Il met egalement en evidence le role des liens familiaux dans les usages locaux, politiques et sociaux, du patrimoine.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85443890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le spectre de la crise financière française de 1983. Influences et solidarités européennes","authors":"L. Warlouzet","doi":"10.3917/VING.138.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.138.0093","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article revisite le « tournant de la rigueur » de mars 1983 grâce a de nouvelles archives ouest-europeennes issues des gouvernements britanniques et allemands, de la Bundesbank, et de la Confederation europeenne des syndicats. Il montre qu’un tournant veritable eut lieu en mars 1983 du fait du risque de crise financiere, avec une possible intervention du Fonds monetaire international. La resolution de la crise a ete essentiellement franco-allemande. Elle a permis une convergence des politiques economiques qui traduit moins un tournant neoliberal, que l’adoption de politiques de libre-marche percues comme mieux adaptees au defi de la mondialisation, sans etre incompatibles avec des politiques sociales.","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83689974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les écrits intimes des responsables nazis: Une réflexion sur les sources","authors":"Nicolas Patin","doi":"10.3917/ving.139.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/ving.139.0129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84392021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Passages de témoins","authors":"Claire Zalc","doi":"10.3917/VING.139.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/VING.139.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Ce texte revient sur les effets produits par la disparition des temoins sur l’historiographie de la Shoah. Il interroge la specificite du « tournant testimonial » en le situant au carrefour de plusieurs temporalites, politiques, archivistiques, historiographiques et biographiques. Au cours de ce passage de temoins a une nouvelle generation de chercheurs et de chercheuses, la relation aux sources est modifiee. Elle evolue vers une routinisation des pratiques sur des terrains longtemps definis par leur exceptionnalite. Des lors, peut-on envisager que ces differents mouvements se conjuguent pour œuvrer au decloisonnement de l’histoire de la Shoah ?","PeriodicalId":51845,"journal":{"name":"Vingtieme Siecle-Revue d Histoire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87865167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}