国家安全法院的起源:行政当局对惩罚权力的征服(1960-1963)

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Victor Delaporte
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引用次数: 1

摘要

从1963年到1981年,法兰西共和国有一个特别法庭,即国家安全法庭(CSE)来审判政治对手。国民议会于1963年1月设立这一政治管辖权不应被视为一项建国法案。CSE表面上的新特征实际上掩盖了阿尔及利亚独立战争最后几个月开始的特别司法制度化进程。CSE是由1961年成立的临时法庭——军事法庭——转变为永久法庭的结果。从1963年到1981年,法国共和国设立了一个特别法庭,即国家安全法庭,对被控犯有政治罪行的个人进行审判。然而,国民议会于1963年1月确立的这一政治管辖权不应被视为其最初的《宪法法》。虽然表面上是新的,但国家保障法院实际上只是代表了在阿尔及利亚独立战争的最后一个月里提出的例外司法[“例外司法”,或叛国罪案件和法律制度的其他例外]的制度化。该法庭实际上是1961年成立的临时法庭——军事法庭的前身,现在已转变为永久性法庭。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Aux origines de la Cour de sûreté de l’État: La conquête d’un pouvoir de punir par l’exécutif (1960-1963)
francaisDe 1963 a 1981, la Republique francaise dispose d’un tribunal d’exception, la Cour de surete de l’Etat (CSE), pour juger des opposants politiques. La creation par l’Assemblee nationale de cette juridiction politique en janvier 1963 ne doit pas etre consideree comme un acte fondateur. L’apparente nouveaute de la CSE masque en realite un processus d’institutionnalisation de la justice d’exception entame dans les derniers mois de la guerre d’independance algerienne. La CSE resulte de la transformation d’une juridiction temporaire creee en 1961, le Tribunal militaire, en une juridiction permanente. EnglishFrom 1963 to 1981, the French Republic had a special court, the Cour de surete de l’Etat [or State Security Court], which tried individuals accused of political crimes. The establishment of this political jurisdiction by the National Assembly in January 1963 should not be considered its original act of creation, however. Though apparently new, the Cour de surete de l’Etat in fact merely represented the institutionalisation of the justice d’exception [“exceptional justice”, or cases of treason and other exceptions to the legal system] which had been instated during the last months of the Algerian War of Independence. The Court was in fact the descendent of a temporary court created in 1961, the Tribunal militaire [Military Tribunal], now transformed into a permanent court.
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