Eye and Brain最新文献_第9页

Contextual modulation revealed by optical imaging exhibits figural asymmetry in macaque V1 and V2. 光学成像显示猕猴V1和V2的上下文调制表现出图形不对称。

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2017-04-11 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S105609

Mark D Zarella, Daniel Y Ts'o

{"title":"Contextual modulation revealed by optical imaging exhibits figural asymmetry in macaque V1 and V2.","authors":"Mark D Zarella, Daniel Y Ts'o","doi":"10.2147/EB.S105609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/EB.S105609","url":null,"abstract":"Neurons in early visual cortical areas are influenced by stimuli presented well beyond the confines of their classical receptive fields, endowing them with the ability to encode fine-scale features while also having access to the global context of the visual scene. This property can potentially define a role for the early visual cortex to contribute to a number of important visual functions, such as surface segmentation and figure-ground segregation. It is unknown how extraclassical response properties conform to the functional architecture of the visual cortex, given the high degree of functional specialization in areas V1 and V2. We examined the spatial relationships of contextual activations in macaque V1 and V2 with intrinsic signal optical imaging. Using figure-ground stimulus configurations defined by orientation or motion, we found that extraclassical modulation is restricted to the cortical representations of the figural component of the stimulus. These modulations were positive in sign, suggesting a relative enhancement in neuronal activity that may reflect an excitatory influence. Orientation and motion cues produced similar patterns of activation that traversed the functional subdivisions of V2. The asymmetrical nature of the enhancement demonstrated the capacity for visual cortical areas as early as V1 to contribute to figure-ground segregation, and the results suggest that this information can be extracted from the population activity constrained only by retinotopy, and not the underlying functional organization.","PeriodicalId":51844,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Brain","volume":"9 ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2017-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/EB.S105609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35282234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Optic neuritis as an early sign of multiple sclerosis. 视神经炎是多发性硬化症的早期症状。

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-10-26 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S54131

Nilufer Kale

引用次数: 0

Cue combination encoding via contextual modulation of V1 and V2 neurons. 线索组合编码通过V1和V2神经元的上下文调制。

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-10-21 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S105616

Mark D Zarella, Daniel Y Ts'o

{"title":"Cue combination encoding via contextual modulation of V1 and V2 neurons.","authors":"Mark D Zarella, Daniel Y Ts'o","doi":"10.2147/EB.S105616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/EB.S105616","url":null,"abstract":"Neurons in early visual cortical areas encode the local properties of a stimulus in a number of different feature dimensions such as color, orientation, and motion. It has been shown, however, that stimuli presented well beyond the confines of the classical receptive field can augment these responses in a way that emphasizes these local attributes within the greater context of the visual scene. This mechanism imparts global information to cells that are otherwise considered local feature detectors and can potentially serve as an important foundation for surface segmentation, texture representation, and figure-ground segregation. The role of early visual cortex toward these functions remains somewhat of an enigma, as it is unclear how surface segmentation cues are integrated from multiple feature dimensions. We examined the impact of orientation- and motion-defined surface segmentation cues in V1 and V2 neurons using a stimulus in which the two features are completely separable. We find that, although some cells are modulated in a cue-invariant manner, many cells are influenced by only one cue or the other. Furthermore, cells that are modulated by both cues tend to be more strongly affected when both cues are presented together than when presented individually. These results demonstrate two mechanisms by which cue combinations can enhance salience. We find that feature-specific populations are more frequently encountered in V1, while cue additivity is more prominent in V2. These results highlight how two strongly interconnected areas at different stages in the cortical hierarchy can potentially contribute to scene segmentation.","PeriodicalId":51844,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Brain","volume":"8 ","pages":"177-193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2016-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/EB.S105616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35025762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Prosopagnosia: current perspectives. 前视障症：当前视角。

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-09-26 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S92838

Sherryse L Corrow, Kirsten A Dalrymple, Jason Js Barton

引用次数: 0

Traumatic brain injury and vestibulo-ocular function: current challenges and future prospects. 创伤性脑损伤与前庭眼功能：当前挑战与未来展望。

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-09-06 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S82670

Bridgett Wallace, Jonathan Lifshitz

{"title":"Traumatic brain injury and vestibulo-ocular function: current challenges and future prospects.","authors":"Bridgett Wallace, Jonathan Lifshitz","doi":"10.2147/EB.S82670","DOIUrl":"10.2147/EB.S82670","url":null,"abstract":"Normal function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) coordinates eye movement with head movement, in order to provide clear vision during motion and maintain balance. VOR is generated within the semicircular canals of the inner ear to elicit compensatory eye movements, which maintain stability of images on the fovea during brief, rapid head motion, otherwise known as gaze stability. Normal VOR function is necessary in carrying out activities of daily living (eg, walking and riding in a car) and is of particular importance in higher demand activities (eg, sports-related activities). Disruption or damage in the VOR can result in symptoms such as movement-related dizziness, blurry vision, difficulty maintaining balance with head movements, and even nausea. Dizziness is one of the most common symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is considered a risk factor for a prolonged recovery. Assessment of the vestibular system is of particular importance following TBI, in conjunction with oculomotor control, due to the intrinsic neural circuitry that exists between the ocular and vestibular systems. The purpose of this article is to review the physiology of the VOR and the visual-vestibular symptoms associated with TBI and to discuss assessment and treatment guidelines for TBI. Current challenges and future prospects will also be addressed.","PeriodicalId":51844,"journal":{"name":"Eye and Brain","volume":"8 ","pages":"153-164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f3/a3/eb-8-153.PMC5398755.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35025761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening and treatments using telemedicine in retinopathy of prematurity. 早产儿视网膜病变的远程医疗筛查与治疗。

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-08-17 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S94440

Aristomenis Thanos, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Bozho Todorich, Darius M Moshfeghi, Michael T Trese

引用次数: 10

Wnt signaling pathway in retinal vascularization. 视网膜血管化中的Wnt信号通路。

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-08-09 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S94452

Kimberly A Drenser

引用次数: 33

Review of effects of anti-VEGF treatment on refractive error. 抗vegf治疗屈光不正的研究进展。

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-06-15 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S99306

Helen A Mintz-Hittner, Megan M Geloneck

引用次数: 28

Optical coherence tomography of the preterm eye: from retinopathy of prematurity to brain development. 早产儿眼的光学相干断层扫描:从早产儿视网膜病变到大脑发育。

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-05-27 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S97660

Adam L Rothman, Shwetha Mangalesh, Xi Chen, Cynthia A Toth

引用次数: 15

Promoting vascular repair in the retina: can stem/progenitor cells help? 促进视网膜血管修复:干细胞/祖细胞有帮助吗?

IF 4.4

Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2016-05-26 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/EB.S94451

Thao Le Phuong Trinh, Sergio Li Calzi, Lynn C Shaw, Mervin C Yoder, Maria B Grant

引用次数: 12