Marina Flamand , Vincent Frigant , Stéphane Miollan
{"title":"Knowledge production in technological innovation system: A comprehensive evaluation using a multi-criteria framework based on patent data—a case study on hydrogen storage","authors":"Marina Flamand , Vincent Frigant , Stéphane Miollan","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2025.102337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2025.102337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge production activity is central within a technological innovation system. The number of patent applications is commonly used to evaluate this activity. However, it is subject to bias and inaccurate evaluations can occur. This article proposes a multi-criteria framework based on seven complementary patent indicators, taking into account the persistence, commitment, and coherence of knowledge production activities for a more comprehensive evaluation. We demonstrate the value of our proposal through a case study on hydrogen storage, comparing patent data since 2000 about three technological solutions: physical, chemical and adsorption technologies. Our framework clearly shows that physical hydrogen storage is the most advanced in terms of knowledge production, despite not having the highest number of patent applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natália Maria Borges Ladeira , Zípora Morgana Quinteiro dos Santos , Ronise Suzuki , Alan de Souza , Marcelo Gomes Speziali
{"title":"Anti-acne cosmetics and cosmeceutical patentometric profile","authors":"Natália Maria Borges Ladeira , Zípora Morgana Quinteiro dos Santos , Ronise Suzuki , Alan de Souza , Marcelo Gomes Speziali","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2025.102338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2025.102338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study delves into acne vulgaris, a chronic skin condition, marked by inflammation within the pilosebaceous unit. The significant economic burden of acne treatment is reflected in a burgeoning market poised for further expansion. Through patentometric analysis, aiming to identify technological trends, the research underscores the critical role of this method in identifying strategic opportunities within the anti-acne cosmetics and cosmeceuticals domain, pointing out China, the USA, South Korea, and Japan as pivotal in creating and consuming anti-acne technologies. The patent data reveals a pronounced focus on medicine and pharmacology, especially those derived from plant and animal sources. Patent applications have declined post-2017 suggesting shifts in research and development priorities and challenges in pioneering effective products. The applicants' temporal analysis and S-curve reflect the sector's maturity and growth trajectory. Despite the significant economic and societal burden of acne vulgaris, there is a lack of comprehensive studies that integrate patentometric insights with strategic market analysis, particularly focusing on the evolving trends in anti-acne technologies. This study includes the competitiveness indicators provided for the top companies worldwide. These indicators (e.g. patenting activity, technological share, average patent quality, patent strength, etc.) showed the strategic positioning of those actors. Ultimately, the paper proposes that the insights garnered could serve as a foundation for strategic allocation of financial and innovative efforts, underlining the need for advancements in treating acne vulgaris, a condition currently lacking a definitive cure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Literature listing","authors":"Susan Bates","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2025.102336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2025.102336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Welcome to the latest quarterly Literature Listing intended as a current awareness service for readers indicating newly published books, journal, and conference articles on IP management; Information Retrieval Techniques; Patent Landscapes; Education & Certification; and Legal & Intellectual Property Office Matters. The current Literature Listing was compiled mid-November 2024. Key resources include Scopus, Digital Commons, publishers' RSS feeds, and serendipity! This article gives a selection of interesting references to whet your appetite - the full list of references can be found in the companion datafile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relative technological diversification measure using patent data: Analysis of firms’ strategies in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector","authors":"Katsuyuki Kaneko , Yuya Kajikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Technological diversification of firms is an essential research topic as it has significant effects on their performance. However, we still lack consistent results whether the diversification has positive effects. We focus on the relevance of its measures as one of the causes of the inconsistency. This study aims to develop a technological diversification measure by including relativity of firms' technological portfolio, because major conventional methods, e.g., Herfindahl–Hirschmann Index and entropy, consider only one firm's absolute portfolio. We analyzed each firm's relative position from a common core of the industrial technologies for four global major firms in Fast Moving Consumer Goods sector. The product set of International Patent Classification (IPC) among them was defined as the core of industrial technology. We quantified firms' chronical shifts from there, and compared them with those by conventional methods. The proposed measure clarified the firms' relative positions in a manner that conventional ones cannot identify. The firms' qualitative information supported the validity of the observations. Our approach can take more IPC data into account, less affected by the largest number of IPC, which are among its advantages; it further allows for analysis from new aspects that complement the conventional “absolute technological portfolio” measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel approach to measuring the scope of patent claims based on probabilities obtained from (large) language models","authors":"Sébastien Ragot","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes to measure the scope of a patent claim as the reciprocal of self-information contained in this claim. Self-information is calculated based on a probability of occurrence of the claim, where this probability is obtained from a language model. Grounded in information theory, this approach is based on the assumption that an unlikely concept is more informative than a usual concept, insofar as it is more surprising. In turn, the more surprising the information required to define the claim, the narrower its scope. Seven language models are considered, ranging from simplest models (each word or character has an identical probability) to intermediate models (based on average word or character frequencies), to large language models (LLMs) such as GPT2 and davinci-002. Remarkably, when using the simplest language models to compute the probabilities, the scope becomes proportional to the reciprocal of the number of words or characters involved in the claim, a metric already used in previous works. Application is made to multiple series of patent claims directed to distinct inventions, where each series consists of a set of claims having a gradually decreasing scope. The performance of the language models is then assessed through several ad hoc tests. The LLMs outperform models based on word and character frequencies, which themselves outdo the simplest models based on word or character counts. Interestingly, however, the character count appears to be a more reliable indicator than the word count.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max Rettenmeier , Noah Jeremia Schilling , Mauritz Möller , Alexander Sauer
{"title":"Laser-based disassembly of end-of-life automotive traction batteries: A systematic patent analysis","authors":"Max Rettenmeier , Noah Jeremia Schilling , Mauritz Möller , Alexander Sauer","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery recycling is a vital component in the decarbonization of the transportation sector. The disassembly step represents a pivotal element within the process chain for battery recycling, as it paves the way for subsequent steps. Semi-destructive disassembly technologies will be key to developing efficient disassembly processes for end-of-life automotive traction batteries. Laser-based separation technologies have emerged as a promising emerging technological approach. Following a systematic search in multiple databases, the obtained records underwent a comprehensive descriptive analysis in terms of both regional and historical context, while key inventors and assignees were identified. Furthermore, citation networks have been identified to provide an overview of the patent landscape and the interrelations within this field. Moreover, an analysis concerning the International Patent Classification and the Cooperative Patent Classification was conducted. An in-depth analysis of relevant patents provides insights into the specific techno-strategic elements currently pursued. The study yields an implication and recommendation framework for research, industry, and policy makers to drive the industrialization of laser-based disassembly technologies as an avenue for efficient end-of-life automotive traction battery disassembly of the future. This framework enables relevant stakeholders to drive their techno-strategic developments in the field of laser-based disassembly, resulting in enhanced laser-based semi-destructive disassembly technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors affecting patent applicant choice of International Searching Authority","authors":"Yoshiyuki Osabe","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The PCT applications can be an indicator of patented technologies that firms consider important and valuable. Since an International Search Report (ISR) is the primary information that determines the value of the PCT application, it is the most important point thorough the PCT filing process for the PCT applicant to choose an appropriate ISA who issues the ISR. The author analyzed WO patent publication data and found which IP office as ISA tend to be chosen by PCT applicants, especially by the US applicants. The result shows that many PCT applicants have chosen EPO as ISA, and many US companies have been influencing this tendency. The author also found that the tendency differs from the entities of PCT applicants, that is to say, while universities/laboratories, hospitals and foundations in the United States tend to select UPSTO as ISA, many US companies select EPO as ISA. The results also shows that a part of the US applicants who filed pct applications with uspto have selected kipo, because of korea's technological specialisations in certain fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen Zhang , Jingyun Chen , Ning Yang , Rongqing Zhang
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the current status and future trends of microalgae bioreactors using patent and bibliometric approaches","authors":"Zhen Zhang , Jingyun Chen , Ning Yang , Rongqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To gain a better understanding of the research status and development trends in microalgae bioreactors, this article conducted a search and visual analysis of patents and literature related to this field from 2003 to 2022 on PatSnap patent platform and the Web of Science database. A systematic coupling model was also built between patents and literature in this subject to compare and assess research states and hotspots. Our findings indicate that while the number of publications in the literature on microalgae bioreactors has been increasing, the number of patent applications has decreased since 2015. Literature on microalgae bioreactors primarily focuses on the use of different bioreactors to cultivate microalgae, treat wastewater, and generate biofuel. Meanwhile, patented technology research is mainly concentrated on the study and transformation of microorganisms and their components. The overall trend in this field shows a decreasing coupling degree, suggesting that the field of microalgae bioreactors has reached a mature stage and is currently experiencing a bottleneck period. This article utilizes a combination of literature visualization and patent analysis to identify technological gaps within the field of microalgae bioreactors. It provides guidance for the industrial development of microalgae biomass, and as such, is of great benefit in addressing the interdisciplinary challenges faced by researchers in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leveraging NLP and web knowledge graphs to harmonize locations: A case study on US patent transactions","authors":"Grazia Sveva Ascione , Andrea Vezzulli","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, we introduce a novel methodology for the harmonization and standardization of locations associated with patent transactions recorded at the USPTO from 2005 to 2022. Using natural language processing (NLP) techniques in conjunction with search engine-based web knowledge graphs, our method comprises four phases: data pre-processing, semantic clustering, exploitation of web-knowledge graphs, and API-driven harmonization. Initiating our analysis with a dataset of 63,838 unique locations, our methodology effectively reduces this number by more than 50 %. This approach exhibits an accuracy rate of approximately 92 %. The resulting geolocated dataset of companies’ patent transactions offers a valuable resource for fine-grained geographical analyses of the markets for technology; in particular, we provide examples of relevant economic insights which can be learned from looking at the geographical patterns of those transactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hady M. Khawand , Markus Kittler , Dimitri Mortelmans , Udo Chrisitan Braendle
{"title":"Intellectual property and exit strategies among SMEs: A scoping review and framework","authors":"Hady M. Khawand , Markus Kittler , Dimitri Mortelmans , Udo Chrisitan Braendle","doi":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wpi.2024.102318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While studies have focused on the role of intellectual property (IP) strategies for growth at the macro and micro levels, there remains a notable gap in comprehensively understanding the nexus between IP and exit strategies. This scoping review examines the link between firms' IP and exit strategies. It takes a particular interest in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), focusing on mergers and acquisitions. This study synthesizes the literature on the role that IP strategies play in smaller firms' exit strategies and the distinctive challenges they face, proposing a comprehensive framework for understanding these dynamics. It further highlights a persistent gap in the literature on the influence of IP awareness on SMEs' exit strategies. Using established data sources and multiple filter procedures, the search yielded 87 relevant articles. Only a few studies examine the roles of IP awareness and IP strategy within business strategies. Studies explicitly researching the influence of IP strategies on exit strategies remain particularly scarce. The findings underscore the importance of integrating IP awareness and IP strategy more thoroughly into management theory and practice to enhance SMEs’ competitive advantage and facilitate successful exits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51794,"journal":{"name":"World Patent Information","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 102318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}