Interactive Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Resilience Informatics: Role of Informatics in Enabling and Promoting Public Health Resilience to Pandemics, Climate Change, and Other Stressors.","authors":"M Sriram Iyengar, Maiya G Block Ngaybe, Myla Gonzalez, Mona Arora","doi":"10.2196/54687","DOIUrl":"10.2196/54687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change, local epidemics, future pandemics, and forced displacements pose significant public health threats worldwide. To cope successfully, people and communities are faced with the challenging task of developing resilience to these stressors. Our viewpoint is that the powerful capabilities of modern informatics technologies including artificial intelligence, biomedical and environmental sensors, augmented or virtual reality, data science, and other digital hardware or software, have great potential to promote, sustain, and support resilience in people and communities. However, there is no \"one size fits all\" solution for resilience. Solutions must match the specific effects of the stressor, cultural dimensions, social determinants of health, technology infrastructure, and many other factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Relationships Between Indoor Environmental Quality Parameters Pertaining to Light, Noise, Temperature, and Humidity and the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of People Living With Dementia: Scoping Review.","authors":"Wan-Tai M Au-Yeung, Lyndsey Miller, Chao-Yi Wu, Zachary Beattie, Michael Nunnerley, Remonda Hanna, Sarah Gothard, Katherine Wild, Jeffrey Kaye","doi":"10.2196/56452","DOIUrl":"10.2196/56452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A common challenge for individuals caring for people with Alzheimer disease and related dementias is managing the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Effective management of BPSD will increase the quality of life of people living with dementia, lessen caregivers' burden, and lower health care cost.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this review, we seek to (1) examine how indoor environmental quality parameters pertaining to light, noise, temperature, and humidity are associated with BPSD and how controlling these parameters can help manage these symptoms and (2) identify the current state of knowledge in this area, current gaps in the research, and potential future directions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches were conducted in the CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases for papers published from January 2007 to February 2024. We searched for studies examining the relationship between indoor environmental quality parameters pertaining to light, noise, temperature, and humidity and BPSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3123 papers were identified in the original search in October 2020. After an additional 2 searches and screening, 38 (0.69%) of the 5476 papers were included. Among the included papers, light was the most studied environmental factor (34/38, 89%), while there were fewer studies (from 5/38, 13% to 11/38, 29%) examining the relationships between other environmental factors and BPSD. Of the 38 studies, 8 (21%) examined multiple indoor environmental quality parameters. Subjective data were the only source of environmental assessments in 6 (16%) of the 38 studies. The findings regarding the relationship between agitation and light therapy are conflicted, while the studies that examined the relationship between BPSD and temperature or humidity are all observational. The results suggest that when the environmental factors are deemed overstimulating or understimulating for an individual with dementia, the behavioral symptoms tend to be exacerbated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this scoping review may inform the design of long-term care units and older adult housing to support aging in place. More research is still needed to better understand the relationship between indoor environmental quality parameters and BPSD, and there is a need for more objective measurements of both the indoor environmental quality parameters and behavioral symptoms. One future direction is to incorporate objective sensing and advanced computational methods in real-time assessments to initiate just-in-time environmental interventions. Better management of BPSD will benefit patients, caregivers, and the health care system.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11344188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review and Qualitative Study Using Systematic Literature Review and Reddit.","authors":"Meghan S Nagpal, Niloofar Jalali, Diana Sherifali, Plinio P Morita, Joseph A Cafazzo","doi":"10.2196/49073","DOIUrl":"10.2196/49073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic impacted how people accessed health services and likely how they managed chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Social media forums present a source of qualitative data to understand how adaptation might have occurred from the perspective of the patient.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our objective is to understand how the care-seeking behaviors and attitudes of people living with T2D were impacted during the early part of the pandemic by conducting a scoping literature review. A secondary objective is to compare the findings of the scoping review to those presented on a popular social media platform Reddit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted in 2021. Inclusion criteria were population with T2D, studies are patient-centered, and study objectives are centered around health behaviors, disease management, or mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exclusion criteria were populations with other noncommunicable diseases, examining COVID-19 as a comorbidity to T2D, clinical treatments for COVID-19 among people living with T2D, genetic expressions of COVID-19 among people living with T2D, gray literature, or studies not published in English. Bias was mitigated by reviewing uncertainties with other authors. Data extracted from the studies were classified into thematic categories. These categories reflect the findings of this study as per our objective. Data from the Reddit forums related to T2D from March 2020 to early March 2021 were downloaded, and support vector machines were used to classify if a post was published in the context of the pandemic. Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling was performed to gather topics of discussion specific to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26 studies conducted between February and September 2020, consisting of 13,673 participants, were included in this scoping literature review. The studies were qualitative and relied mostly on qualitative data from surveys or questionnaires. Themes found from the literature review were \"poorer glycemic control,\" \"increased consumption of unhealthy foods,\" \"decreased physical activity,\" \"inability to access medical appointments,\" and \"increased stress and anxiety.\" Findings from latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling of Reddit forums were \"Coping With Poor Mental Health,\" \"Accessing Doctor & Medications and Controlling Blood Glucose,\" \"Changing Food Habits During Pandemic,\" \"Impact of Stress on Blood Glucose Levels,\" \"Changing Status of Employment & Insurance,\" and \"Risk of COVID Complications.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Topics of discussion gauged from the Reddit forums provide a holistic perspective of the impact of the pandemic on people living with T2D, which were found to be comparable to the findings of the literature review. The study was limited by only having 1 reviewer for the literature review, but biases were mitig","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Requirements for and Barriers to Rehabilitation Services for Children With Disabilities in Middle- and High-Income Countries: Scoping Review.","authors":"Yijun Xie, Jing Wu, Yao Li, Hui Liu, Yanyan Peng, Ping Zhou, Yizhou Sun, Luyan Kang, Chenghua Jiang, Hengjing Wu","doi":"10.2196/50047","DOIUrl":"10.2196/50047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rehabilitation of children with disabilities has received considerable attention from the United Nations. However, the state of rehabilitation services for children with disabilities worldwide remains far from optimistic, even in economically affluent middle- and high-income countries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aimed to identify the rehabilitation needs of children with disabilities and their barriers to rehabilitation services in middle- and high-income countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE and Web of Science for papers published from January 2013 to December 2023. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, full-text articles related to children with disabilities, reporting on their access to rehabilitation services, and conducted in countries classified by the World Bank 2023 as middle- and high-income economies. Exclusion criteria included duplicates, unavailable full texts, and studies without distinct outcomes. A total of 27 studies were selected following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, focusing on children, their families, or service providers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The suitability, availability, and affordability of rehabilitation services were identified as the major needs and barriers for children with disabilities in middle- and high-income countries. This included communication barriers, a need for more personnel and facilities, and the stagnation and inadequacy of economic subsidies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Middle- and high-income countries have relatively well-established rehabilitation infrastructure and support systems. They are nevertheless insufficient for meeting the needs of children with disabilities. More attention should be paid to these issues to improve the well-being of children with disabilities. The data provided by this review can help raise awareness of rehabilitation needs and barriers at the policy level.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of Data Loss on Clinical Decision-Making in Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Niala den Braber, Carlijn I R Braem, Miriam M R Vollenbroek-Hutten, Hermie J Hermens, Thomas Urgert, Utku S Yavuz, Peter H Veltink, Gozewijn D Laverman","doi":"10.2196/50849","DOIUrl":"10.2196/50849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of missing data on individual continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data is unknown but can influence clinical decision-making for patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the consequences of data loss on glucose metrics in individual patient recordings from continuous glucose monitors and assess its implications on clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CGM data were collected from patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes using the FreeStyle Libre sensor (Abbott Diabetes Care). We selected 7-28 days of 24 hours of continuous data without any missing values from each individual patient. To mimic real-world data loss, missing data ranging from 5% to 50% were introduced into the data set. From this modified data set, clinical metrics including time below range (TBR), TBR level 2 (TBR2), and other common glucose metrics were calculated in the data sets with and that without data loss. Recordings in which glucose metrics deviated relevantly due to data loss, as determined by clinical experts, were defined as expert panel boundary error (ε_EPB). These errors were expressed as a percentage of the total number of recordings. The errors for the recordings with glucose management indicator <53 mmol/mol were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 84 patients contributed to 798 recordings over 28 days. With 5%-50% data loss for 7-28 days recordings, the ε_EPB varied from 0 out of 798 (0.0%) to 147 out of 736 (20.0%) for TBR and 0 out of 612 (0.0%) to 22 out of 408 (5.4%) recordings for TBR2. In the case of 14-day recordings, TBR and TBR2 episodes completely disappeared due to 30% data loss in 2 out of 786 (0.3%) and 32 out of 522 (6.1%) of the cases, respectively. However, the initial values of the disappeared TBR and TBR2 were relatively small (<0.1%). In the recordings with glucose management indicator <53 mmol/mol the ε_EPB was 9.6% for 14 days with 30% data loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With a maximum of 30% data loss in 14-day CGM recordings, there is minimal impact of missing data on the clinical interpretation of various glucose metrics.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05584293; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05584293.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11325125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Health Literacy and Its Association With Sociodemographic Characteristics, Health Resource Use, and Health Outcomes: Rapid Review.","authors":"Eva Yuen, Natalie Winter, Feby Savira, Catherine E Huggins, Lemai Nguyen, Paul Cooper, Anna Peeters, Kate Anderson, Rahul Bhoyroo, Sarah Crowe, Anna Ugalde","doi":"10.2196/46888","DOIUrl":"10.2196/46888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital health literacy has emerged as a critical skill set to navigate the digital age.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review sought to broadly summarize the literature on associations between digital health literacy and (1) sociodemographic characteristics, (2) health resource use, and (3) health outcomes in the general population, patient groups, or parent or caregiver groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rapid review of literature published between January 2016 and May 2022 was conducted through a search of 4 web-based databases. Articles were included on the basis of the following keywords: \"measured digital health literacy,\" \"digital literacy,\" \"ehealth literacy,\" \"e-health literacy,\" \"electronic health literacy,\" or \"internet health literacy\" in adult populations; participants were from countries where English was the primary language; studies had to be cross-sectional, longitudinal, prospective, or retrospective, and published in English.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. Evidence on the associations between digital health literacy and sociodemographic characteristics varied (27/36, 75% included studies), with higher education (16/21, 76.2% studies that examined the association) and younger age (12/21, 57.1% studies) tending to predict higher digital health literacy; however, other studies found no associations. No differences between genders were found across the majority of studies. Evidence across ethnic groups was too limited to draw conclusions; some studies showed that those from racial and ethnic minority groups had higher digital health literacy than White individuals, while other studies showed no associations. Higher digital health literacy was associated with digital health resource use in the majority of studies (20/36, 55.6%) that examined this relationship. In addition, higher digital health literacy was also associated with health outcomes across 3 areas (psychosocial outcomes; chronic disease and health management behaviors; and physical outcomes) across 17 included studies (17/36, 47.2%) that explored these relationships. However, not all studies on the relationship among digital health literacy and health resource use and health outcomes were in the expected direction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The review presents mixed results regarding the relationship between digital health literacy and sociodemographic characteristics, although studies broadly found that increased digital health literacy was positively associated with improved health outcomes and behaviors. Further investigations of digital health literacy on chronic disease outcomes are needed, particularly across diverse groups. Empowering individuals with the skills to critically access and appraise reliable health information on digital platforms and devices is critical, given emerging evidence that suggests that those with low digital health literacy seek health ","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Comorbidities in COVID-19: Comprehensive Analysis of Key Topics.","authors":"Rene Markovič, Luka Ternar, Tim Trstenjak, Marko Marhl, Vladimir Grubelnik","doi":"10.2196/55699","DOIUrl":"10.2196/55699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interrelation between COVID-19 and various cardiovascular and metabolic disorders has been a critical area of study. There is a growing need to understand how comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic disorders affect the risk and severity of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to systematically analyze the association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The focus is on comorbidity, examining the roles of CVDs such as embolism, thrombosis, hypertension, and heart failure, as well as metabolic disorders such as disorders of glucose and iron metabolism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study involved a systematic search in PubMed for literature published from 2000 to 2022. We established 2 databases: one for COVID-19-related articles and another for CVD-related articles, ensuring all were peer-reviewed. In terms of data analysis, statistical methods were applied to compare the frequency and relevance of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms between the 2 databases. This involved analyzing the differences and ratios in the usage of these terms and employing statistical tests to determine their significance in relation to key CVDs within the COVID-19 research context.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that \"Cardiovascular Diseases\" and \"Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases\" were highly relevant as level 1 Medical Subject Headings descriptors in COVID-19 comorbidity research. Detailed analysis at level 2 and level 3 showed \"Vascular Disease\" and \"Heart Disease\" as prominent descriptors under CVDs. Significantly, \"Glucose Metabolism Disorders\" were frequently associated with COVID-19 comorbidities such as embolism, thrombosis, and heart failure. Furthermore, iron deficiency (ID) was notably different in its occurrence between COVID-19 and CVD articles, underlining its significance in the context of COVID-19 comorbidities. Statistical analysis underscored these differences, highlighting the importance of both glucose and iron metabolism disorders in COVID-19 research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work lays the foundation for future research that utilizes a knowledge-based approach to elucidate the intricate relationships between these conditions, aiming to develop more effective health care strategies and interventions in the face of ongoing pandemic challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11306943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese Health Insurance in the Digital Era: Bibliometric Study.","authors":"Zhiyuan Hu, Xiaoping Qin, Kaiyan Chen, Yu-Ni Huang, Richard Szewei Wang, Tao-Hsin Tung, Yen-Ching Chuang, Bing-Long Wang","doi":"10.2196/52020","DOIUrl":"10.2196/52020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>China has entered the era of digital health care after years of reforms in the health care system. The use of digital technologies in healthcare services is rapidly increasing, indicating the onset of a new period. The reform of health insurance has also entered a new phase.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the evolution of health care insurance within the context of telemedicine and Internet Plus Healthcare (IPHC) during the digital health care era by using scientometric methods to analyze publication patterns, influential keywords, and research hot spots. It seeks to understand how health care insurance has adapted to the growing integration of IPHC and telemedicine in health care services and the implications for policy and practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 411 high-quality studies were curated from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database in the Chinese language, scientometric analysis was conducted, and VOSviewer software was used to conduct a visualized analysis of keywords and hot spots in the literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of articles in this field has increased notably from 2000 to 2022 and has increased annually based on a curve of y=0.332exp (0.4002x) with R²=0.6788. In total, 62 institutions and 811 authors have published research articles in the Chinese language in this field. This study included 290 keywords and formulated a total of 5 hot-topic clusters of \"telemedicine,\" \"IPHC,\" \"internet hospital,\" \"health insurance payments,\" and \"health insurance system.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Studies on the application of digital technologies in health care insurance has evolved from foundational studies to a broader scope. The emergence of internet hospitals has showcased the potential for integrating IPHC services into insurance payment systems. However, this development also highlights the necessity for enhanced interregional coordination mechanisms. The reform of health insurance payment is contingent upon ongoing advancements in digital technology and increased investment in electronic medical records and primary health care services. Future efforts should focus on integrating technology with administrative systems, advancing mobile health care solutions, and ensuring interoperability among various payment systems to improve efficiency and standardize health care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Skin Picking in Skin Picking Disorder: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.","authors":"Christina Gallinat, Markus Moessner, Maximilian Wilhelm, Nancy Keuthen, Stephanie Bauer","doi":"10.2196/53831","DOIUrl":"10.2196/53831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin picking disorder (SPD) is an understudied mental illness that is classified as a body-focused repetitive behavior disorder. Literature suggests that pathological skin picking is strongly integrated into the daily lives of affected individuals and may involve a high degree of variability in terms of episode characteristics, frequency, and intensity. However, existing data on the phenomenology of SPD are limited and typically involve retrospective assessments, which may fail to accurately capture the behavior's variability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate skin picking in the daily lives of individuals with SPD by using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). The first aim focused on the description of skin picking patterns (eg, characteristics, intensity, and distribution of episodes and urges), and the second aim explored differences in characteristics and patterns between automatic and focused skin picking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited online and underwent a web-based screening, a diagnostic telephone interview, and a comprehensive online self-report questionnaire before participating in an EMA protocol. The latter included 10 consecutive days with 7 pseudorandom, time-contingent assessments per day between 8 AM and 10 PM. The EMA questionnaire assessed the current skin picking urge, the occurrence of the behavior, and a detailed assessment of the episodes' characteristics (eg, length, intensity, and consciousness) if applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final sample consisted of 57 participants, who completed at least 70% of the scheduled assessments (n=54, 94.7% female: mean age 29.3, SD 6.77 years). They completed 3758 EMAs and reported 1467 skin picking episodes. Skin picking occurred frequently (mean 2.57, SD 1.12 episodes per day and person) in relatively short episodes (10-30 min; 10 min: n_episodes=642, 43.8%; 20 min: n_episodes=312, 21.3%; 30 min: n_episodes=217, 14.8%), and it was distributed quite evenly throughout the day and across different days of the week. Focused and automatic episodes were relatively balanced across all reported episodes (focused: n_episodes=806, 54.9%) and over the course of the day. The analyses showed statistically significant differences between self-reported triggers for the different styles. Visual or tactile cues and the desire to pick the skin were more important for the focused style (visual or tactile cues: mean focused style [M_f]=4.01, SD 0.69 vs mean automatic style [M_a]=3.47, SD 0.99; P<.001; SMD=0.64; desire to pick: M_f=2.61, SD 1.06 vs M_a=1.94, SD 1.03; P<.001; SMD=0.82), while boredom and concentration problems were more prominent in automatic skin picking (boredom: M_f=1.69, SD 0.89 vs M_a=1.84, SD 0.89; P=.03; SMD=-0.31; concentration problems: M_f=2.06, SD 0.87 vs M<sub>a","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141725013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Background Music on Attentional Networks of Children With and Without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case Control Experimental Study.","authors":"Camila Guimarães Mendes, Jonas Jardim de Paula, Débora Marques Miranda","doi":"10.2196/53869","DOIUrl":"10.2196/53869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To sustain performance during a task that requires attention may be a challenge for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which strongly influences motivation for tasks and has been connected to the level of arousal.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the effect of musical stimulus on attentional performance in children with ADHD and typically developing children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 76 boys (34 with ADHD and 42 typically developing) performed the Attention Network Test (ANT) for children under 2 experimental conditions (with and without music). Four attentional measures were extracted from the ANT. We tested the effect of the experimental condition and its interaction with the group using repeated measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no significant main effects or interactions for the reaction times of the alerting, orienting, and conflict attentional networks of the ANT (all P>.05). Regarding ANT errors, we found a significant main effect for music, with a moderate effect size (F_1,72=9.83; P=.03; ηp²=0.06) but the condition×group interaction was not significant (F_1,72=1.79; P=.18). Participants made fewer errors when listening to music compared to the control condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Music seems not to interfere in the attentional network in children and adolescents. Perhaps background music affects motivation. Future studies will be needed to validate this.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ReBEC.gov U1111-12589039; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8s22sh8.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141725012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}