Interactive Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Animated Videos Based on Food Processing for Guidance of Brazilian Adults: Validation Study.","authors":"Maria Fernanda Gomes da Silva,&nbsp;Luciana Neri Nobre,&nbsp;Edson da Silva","doi":"10.2196/49092","DOIUrl":"10.2196/49092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) contribute almost one-fifth of the calories consumed by the Brazilian population. This consumption has been favored by aspects such as the ease of acquisition and low cost of this food group. Initiatives focused on supporting and promoting healthy eating practices have been implemented. Among them, the availability of educational resources is an important strategy to maximize the effectiveness of these actions in the field of food and nutrition education (FNE).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to describe the development and validation process of animated videos based on the NOVA food classification for FNE actions aimed at Brazilian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This methodological study was developed in the following 4 phases: planning, preproduction, production, and postproduction. In the planning phase, a literature review was con-ducted on the topic and to define the content to be covered. The design of the material was based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In the preproduction phase, video scripts were developed and evaluated by 7 content specialists. In the production phase, videos were developed based on the assessed scripts and then assessed by 3 multimedia production specialists. In the postproduction phase, the videos were evaluated by 15 representatives of the target audience. All results obtained in the evaluation phases were analyzed using the content validity index (CVI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed 3 animated videos covering the following themes: food processing levels, food categories according to processing levels, and UPFs and their impact on health. In the evaluation by the content specialists, the scripts of videos 1, 2, and 3 obtained CVIs at the scale level and average method equal to 0.96, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively. When the animated videos were evaluated by multimedia production specialists and representatives of the target audience, these indexes were equal to 1.0. These results attest to the videos' adequacy and quality in communicating the addressed content.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The animated videos developed and validated in this study proved to be adequate for their purpose. Thus, it is expected that they will be an important instrument for FNE actions aimed at an adult audience and for disseminating the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e49092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10520766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10578851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile Apps Aimed at Preventing and Handling Unintentional Injuries in Children Aged <7 Years: Systematic Review.","authors":"Annett Schulze,&nbsp;Ann-Kathrin Lindemann,&nbsp;Fabian Brand,&nbsp;Johanna Geppert,&nbsp;Axel Menning,&nbsp;Paula Stehr,&nbsp;Doreen Reifegerste,&nbsp;Constanze Rossmann","doi":"10.2196/45258","DOIUrl":"10.2196/45258","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Despite various global health crises, the prevention and handling of unintentional childhood injuries remains an important public health objective. Although several systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of different child injury prevention measures, these reviews did not address the evaluation of mobile communication intervention tools. Whether and how mobile apps were evaluated provides information on the extent to which communication theories, models, and evidence-based knowledge were considered. Previous studies have shown that the effectiveness of mobile apps increases when theories and evidence are considered during their development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review aimed to identify research on mobile apps dealing with the prevention and handling of unintentional injuries in children and examine the theoretical and methodological approaches thereof. In addition, this review analyzed the different needs of various target groups of the mobile apps described in the articles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 8 electronic databases, ranging from interdisciplinary to medical and technical as well as social sciences databases, were searched for original research articles or brief reports in peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings. Moreover, this review encompassed a systematic scan of articles published in the BMJ journal Injury Prevention. These steps were followed by a snowball search based on the literature references in the articles identified through the initial screening. The articles had to be written in English or German, published between 2008 and 2021, and evaluate mobile apps dealing with the prevention and handling of unintentional child injuries. The identified 5 studies were analyzed by 5 independent researchers using an inductive approach. Furthermore, the quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 5 articles were included and assessed with regard to overall quality of theoretical and methodological foundations, assessed variables, the focal app's architecture, and the needs of the study participants. The overall study quality was moderate, although part of this classification was due to a lack of details reported in the studies. Each study examined 1 mobile app aimed at parents and other caregivers. Each study assessed at least 1 usability- or user experience-related variable, whereas the needs of the included study participants were detailed in only 20% (1/5) of the cases. However, none of the studies referred to theories such as the Technology Acceptance Model during the development of the apps.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The future development and evaluation of apps dealing with the prevention and handling of child injuries should combine insights into existing models on user experience and usability with established theories on mobile information behavior. T","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e45258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10160263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapidly Deteriorating Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Following Ventricular Shunt Revision for Hydrocephalus: Case Report.","authors":"Tanzil Rujeedawa,&nbsp;Oliver Mowforth,&nbsp;Mark Kotter,&nbsp;Benjamin Davies","doi":"10.2196/48222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/48222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A female patient in her early 40s presented with a several-month history of gait unsteadiness and dragging her left leg. She had a background of congenital hydrocephalus, treated with a ventriculoatrial shunt. On examination, she had increased tone and brisk reflexes in the lower limbs and a positive Hoffmann sign. A computed tomography (CT) scan and shunt series x-rays identified hydrocephalus secondary to a disconnected shunt. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her cervical spine was also performed as part of the workup for her presenting symptoms and demonstrated features compatible with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). The patient subsequently underwent a shunt revision. Following the operation, her walking and hand function deteriorated over a period of several weeks. She consequently underwent an anterior cervical decompression and fusion for DCM, which partially improved her symptoms. The sequence of events suggests that the shunt surgery may have precipitated a worsening of the DCM. Possible explanations include spinal cord injury related to neck extension or hypoperfusion during intubation and general anesthesia or the loss of cerebrospinal fluid cushioning following the reinstitution of effective cerebrospinal fluid shunting. Surgeons should be alert to this possibility and offer prompt surgical intervention for DCM if required.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e48222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile Health-Supported Active Syndrome Surveillance for COVID-19 Early Case Finding in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Comparative Study.","authors":"Haileleul Bisrat, Tsegahun Manyazewal, Abebaw Fekadu","doi":"10.2196/43492","DOIUrl":"10.2196/43492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since most people in low-income countries do not have access to reliable laboratory services, early diagnosis of life-threatening diseases like COVID-19 remains challenging. Facilitating real-time assessment of the health status in a given population, mobile health (mHealth)-supported syndrome surveillance might help identify disease conditions earlier and save lives cost-effectively.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of mHealth-supported active syndrome surveillance for COVID-19 early case finding in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among adults randomly selected from the Ethio telecom list of mobile phone numbers. Participants underwent a comprehensive phone interview for COVID-19 syndromic assessments, and their symptoms were scored and interpreted based on national guidelines. Participants who exhibited COVID-19 syndromes were advised to have COVID-19 diagnostic testing at nearby health care facilities and seek treatment accordingly. Participants were asked about their test results, and these were cross-checked against the actual facility-based data. Estimates of COVID-19 detection by mHealth-supported syndromic assessments and facility-based tests were compared using Cohen Kappa (κ), the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2741 adults (n=1476, 53.8% men and n=1265, 46.2% women) were interviewed through the mHealth platform during the period from December 2021 to February 2022. Among them, 1371 (50%) had COVID-19 symptoms at least once and underwent facility-based COVID-19 diagnostic testing as self-reported, with 884 (64.5%) confirmed cases recorded in facility-based registries. The syndrome assessment model had an optimal likelihood cut-off point sensitivity of 46% (95% CI 38.4-54.6) and specificity of 98% (95% CI 96.7-98.9). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87 (95% CI 0.83-0.91). The level of agreement between the mHealth-supported syndrome assessment and the COVID-19 test results was moderate (κ=0.54, 95% CI 0.46-0.60).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the level of agreement between the mHealth-supported syndromic assessment and the actual laboratory-confirmed results for COVID-19 was found to be reasonable, at 89%. The mHealth-supported syndromic assessment of COVID-19 represents a potential alternative method to the standard laboratory-based confirmatory diagnosis, enabling the early detection of COVID-19 cases in hard-to-reach communities, and informing patients about self-care and disease management in a cost-effective manner. These findings can guide future research efforts in developing and integrating digital health into continuous active surveillance of emerging infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e43492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10464850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10472881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-Based Application Based on Human-in-the-Loop Deep Learning for Deidentifying Free-Text Data in Electronic Medical Records: Development and Usability Study.","authors":"Leibo Liu,&nbsp;Oscar Perez-Concha,&nbsp;Anthony Nguyen,&nbsp;Vicki Bennett,&nbsp;Victoria Blake,&nbsp;Blanca Gallego,&nbsp;Louisa Jorm","doi":"10.2196/46322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/46322","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The narrative free-text data in electronic medical records (EMRs) contain valuable clinical information for analysis and research to inform better patient care. However, the release of free text for secondary use is hindered by concerns surrounding personally identifiable information (PII), as protecting individuals' privacy is paramount. Therefore, it is necessary to deidentify free text to remove PII. Manual deidentification is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Numerous automated deidentification approaches and systems have been attempted to overcome this challenge over the past decade.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We sought to develop an accurate, web-based system deidentifying free text (DEFT), which can be readily and easily adopted in real-world settings for deidentification of free text in EMRs. The system has several key features including a simple and task-focused web user interface, customized PII types, use of a state-of-the-art deep learning model for tagging PII from free text, preannotation by an interactive learning loop, rapid manual annotation with autosave, support for project management and team collaboration, user access control, and central data storage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;DEFT comprises frontend and backend modules and communicates with central data storage through a filesystem path access. The frontend web user interface provides end users with a user-friendly workspace for managing and annotating free text. The backend module processes the requests from the frontend and performs relevant persistence operations. DEFT manages the deidentification workflow as a project, which can contain one or more data sets. Customized PII types and user access control can also be configured. The deep learning model is based on a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-Conditional Random Field (BiLSTM-CRF) with RoBERTa as the word embedding layer. The interactive learning loop is further integrated into DEFT to speed up the deidentification process and increase its performance over time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;DEFT has many advantages over existing deidentification systems in terms of its support for project management, user access control, data management, and an interactive learning process. Experimental results from DEFT on the 2014 i2b2 data set obtained the highest performance compared to 5 benchmark models in terms of microaverage strict entity-level recall and F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-scores of 0.9563 and 0.9627, respectively. In a real-world use case of deidentifying clinical notes, extracted from 1 referral hospital in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, DEFT achieved a high microaverage strict entity-level F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-score of 0.9507 on a corpus of 600 annotated clinical notes. Moreover, the manual annotation process with preannotation demonstrated a 43% increase in work efficiency compared to the process without preannotation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;DEFT is d","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e46322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10492176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10576704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Among Adolescents and Youths Living With HIV: Evaluation of Electronic Health Record Findings and Implications.","authors":"Sitaji Gurung, Kit N Simpson, Christian Grov, H Jonathon Rendina, Terry T K Huang, Henna Budhwani, Stephen Scott Jones, Tyra Dark, Sylvie Naar","doi":"10.2196/41574","DOIUrl":"10.2196/41574","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The HIV epidemic remains a major public health concern, particularly among youths living with HIV. While the availability of antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the health outcomes of people living with HIV, there is growing evidence that youths living with HIV may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanisms linking HIV and cardiovascular disease among youths living with HIV remain poorly understood. One potential explanation is that HIV-related biomarkers, including detectable viral load (VL) and low cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) lymphocyte counts, may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk. Despite the potential importance of these biomarkers, the relationship between HIV-related biomarkers and cardiovascular risk among youths living with HIV has been understudied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To address this gap, we examined whether detectable VL and low CD4 lymphocyte counts, both of which are indications of unsuppressed HIV, were associated with cardiovascular risk among youths living with HIV.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We analyzed electronic health record data from 7 adolescent HIV clinics in the United States (813 youths living with HIV). We used multivariable linear regression to examine the relationship between detectable VL and CD4 lymphocyte counts of ≤200 and cardiovascular risk scores, which were adapted from the gender-specific Framingham algorithm.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In our study, nearly half of the participants (366/766, 47.8%) had detectable VL, indicating unsuppressed HIV, while 8.6% (51/593) of them had CD4 lymphocyte counts of ≤200, suggesting weakened immune function. We found that those with CD4 lymphocyte counts of ≤200 had significantly higher cardiovascular risk, as assessed by Cardiac Risk Score2, than those with CD4 lymphocyte counts of &gt;200 (P=.002). After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, we found that for every 1000-point increase in VL copies/mL, the probability of having cardiovascular risk (Cardiac Risk Score2) increased by 38%. When measuring the strength of this connection, we observed a minor effect of VL on increased cardiovascular risk (β=.134, SE 0.014; P=.006). We obtained similar results with Cardiac Risk Score1, but the effect of CD4 lymphocyte counts of ≤200 was no longer significant. Overall, our findings suggest that detectable VL is associated with increased cardiovascular risk among youths living with HIV, and that CD4 lymphocyte counts may play a role in this relationship as well.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study highlights a significant association between unsuppressed HIV, indicated by detectable VL, and increased cardiovascular risk in youths living with HIV. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing interventions that address both VL suppression and cardiovascular risk reduction in this population. By tailoring interventions to meet the u","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e41574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10468705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10192099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Wearable Devices for Peak Oxygen Consumption Measurement in Clinical Cardiology: Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Gabriella Bayshtok,&nbsp;Shmuel Tiosano,&nbsp;Ariel Furer","doi":"10.2196/45504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/45504","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Oxygen consumption is an important index to evaluate in cardiac patients, particularly those with heart failure, and is measured in the setting of advanced cardiopulmonary exercise testing. However, technological advances now allow for the estimation of this parameter in many consumer and medical-grade wearable devices, making it available for the medical provider at the initial evaluation of patients. We report a case of an apparently healthy male aged 40 years who presented for evaluation due to an Apple Watch (Apple Inc) notification of low cardiac fitness. This alert triggered a thorough workup, revealing a diagnosis of familial nonischemic cardiomyopathy with severely reduced left ventricular systolic function. While the use of wearable devices for the measurement of oxygen consumption and related parameters is promising, further studies are needed for validation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this report is to investigate the potential utility of wearable devices as a screening and risk stratification tool for cardiac fitness for the general population and those with increased cardiovascular risk, particularly through the measurement of peak oxygen consumption (VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). We discuss the possible advantages of measuring oxygen consumption using wearables and propose its integration into routine patient evaluation and follow-up processes. With the current evidence and limitations, we encourage researchers and clinicians to explore bringing wearable devices into clinical practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The case was identified at Sheba Medical Center, and the patient's cardiac fitness was monitored through an Apple Watch Series 6. The patient underwent a comprehensive cardiac workup following his presentation. Subsequently, we searched the literature for articles relating to the clinical utility of peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; monitoring and available wearable devices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The Apple Watch data provided by the patient demonstrated reduced peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, a surrogate index for cardiac fitness, which improved after treatment initiation. A cardiological workup confirmed familial nonischemic cardiomyopathy with severely reduced left ventricular systolic function. A review of the literature revealed the potential clinical benefit of peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; monitoring in both cardiac and noncardiac scenarios. Additionally, several devices on the market were identified that could allow for accurate oxygen consumption measurement; however, future studies and approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are still necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This case report highlights the potential utility of peak VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measurements by wearable devices for early identification and screening of cardiac fitness for the general population and those at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The integration of wearable devices into routine patient evaluation","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e45504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10466150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10127212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriateness and Comprehensiveness of Using ChatGPT for Perioperative Patient Education in Thoracic Surgery in Different Language Contexts: Survey Study.","authors":"Chen-Ye Shao,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Xiao-Long Liu,&nbsp;Chang Li,&nbsp;Li-Qin Yang,&nbsp;Yue-Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Luo,&nbsp;Jun Zhao","doi":"10.2196/46900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/46900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ChatGPT, a dialogue-based artificial intelligence language model, has shown promise in assisting clinical workflows and patient-clinician communication. However, there is a lack of feasibility assessments regarding its use for perioperative patient education in thoracic surgery.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the appropriateness and comprehensiveness of using ChatGPT for perioperative patient education in thoracic surgery in both English and Chinese contexts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pilot study was conducted in February 2023. A total of 37 questions focused on perioperative patient education in thoracic surgery were created based on guidelines and clinical experience. Two sets of inquiries were made to ChatGPT for each question, one in English and the other in Chinese. The responses generated by ChatGPT were evaluated separately by experienced thoracic surgical clinicians for appropriateness and comprehensiveness based on a hypothetical draft response to a patient's question on the electronic information platform. For a response to be qualified, it required at least 80% of reviewers to deem it appropriate and 50% to deem it comprehensive. Statistical analyses were performed using the unpaired chi-square test or Fisher exact test, with a significance level set at P<.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The set of 37 commonly asked questions covered topics such as disease information, diagnostic procedures, perioperative complications, treatment measures, disease prevention, and perioperative care considerations. In both the English and Chinese contexts, 34 (92%) out of 37 responses were qualified in terms of both appropriateness and comprehensiveness. The remaining 3 (8%) responses were unqualified in these 2 contexts. The unqualified responses primarily involved the diagnosis of disease symptoms and surgical-related complications symptoms. The reasons for determining the responses as unqualified were similar in both contexts. There was no statistically significant difference (34/37, 92% vs 34/37, 92%; P=.99) in the qualification rate between the 2 language sets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study demonstrates the potential feasibility of using ChatGPT for perioperative patient education in thoracic surgery in both English and Chinese contexts. ChatGPT is expected to enhance patient satisfaction, reduce anxiety, and improve compliance during the perioperative period. In the future, there will be remarkable potential application for using artificial intelligence, in conjunction with human review, for patient education and health consultation after patients have provided their informed consent.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e46900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10463083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10117652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on HIV/AIDS Among Students: Bibliometric Analysis.","authors":"Na Wang,&nbsp;Runxi Zhang,&nbsp;Zeyan Ye,&nbsp;Guanghua Lan,&nbsp;Qiuying Zhu,&nbsp;Huanhuan Chen,&nbsp;Xiangjun Zhang,&nbsp;Shengkui Tan,&nbsp;Yuhua Ruan,&nbsp;Mei Lin","doi":"10.2196/46042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/46042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, HIV infection in students has been an ongoing concern worldwide. A large number of articles have been published; however, statistical analysis of the data presented in these publications is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to detect and analyze emerging trends and collaborative networks in research on HIV/AIDS among students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Research publications on HIV/AIDS among students from 1985 to 2022 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. A topic search was used for this study, and articles in English were included. CiteSpace was used to generate visual networks of countries/regions, institutions, references, and keywords. Citation analysis was used to discover milestones in the field and trace the roots of the knowledge base. Keyword analysis was used to detect research hotspots and predict future trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2726 publications met the inclusion criteria. Over the past 38 years, the number of publications annually has been on the rise overall. The United States had the highest number of publications (n=1303) and the highest centrality (0.91). The University of California system was the core institution. The main target population of studies on HIV/AIDS among students were medical and university students. These studies focused on students' knowledge, attitudes, risk behaviors, and education about HIV/AIDS. The recent bursting keywords (gay, sexual health, adherence, barriers, mental health, HIV testing, stigma, and antiretroviral therapy) revealed research trends and public interest on this topic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified countries/regions and institutions contributing to the research area of HIV/AIDS among students and revealed research hotspots and emerging trends. The field of research on HIV/AIDS among students was growing rapidly. The United States was at the center, and the University of California system was the core institution. However, academic collaboration should be strengthened. Future research may focus on exploring gay students, sexual health, adherence, barriers, mental health, HIV testing, stigma, and antiretroviral therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e46042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10439465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10045059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left Head Rotation as an Alternative to Difficult Tracheal Intubation: Randomized Open Label Clinical Trial.","authors":"Danya P Chan,&nbsp;George Carlos Rosendo M Jularbal Iii,&nbsp;Ismael Julius R Mapili","doi":"10.2196/42500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/42500","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Tracheal intubation is a life-saving intervention, and optimizing the patient's head and neck position for the best glottic view is a crucial step that accelerates the procedure. The left head rotation maneuver has been recently described as an innovative alternative to the traditional sniffing position used for tracheal intubation with marked improvement in glottic visualization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study compared the glottic view and intubating conditions in the sniffing position versus left head rotation during direct laryngoscopy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This randomized, open-label clinical trial enrolled 52 adult patients admitted to Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center from September 2020 to January 2021 for an elective surgical procedure requiring tracheal intubation under general anesthesia. Intubation was done using a 45° left head rotation in the experimental group (n=26), while the control group (n=26) was intubated using the conventional sniffing position. Glottic visualization and intubation difficulty with the two procedures were assessed using the Cormack-Lehane grade and Intubation Difficulty Scale, respectively. Successful intubation is measured by observing a capnographic waveform in the end-tidal CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; monitor after placement of the endotracheal tube.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;There was no statistically significant difference in the Cormack-Lehane grade, with 85% (n=44) of patients classified under grades 1 (n=11 and n=15) and 2 (n=11 and n=7) in the left head rotation and sniffing position groups, respectively. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in the Intubation Difficulty Scale scores of patients intubated with left head rotation or sniffing position; 30.7% (n=8) of patients in both groups were easily intubated, while 53.8% (n=14) in left head rotation and 57.6% (n=15) in sniffing position groups were intubated with slight difficulty. Similarly, there were no significant differences between the 2 techniques in any of the 7 parameters of the Intubation Difficulty Scale, although numerically fewer patients required the application of additional lifting force (n=7, 26.9% vs n=11, 42.3%) or laryngeal pressure (n=3, 11.5% vs n=7, 26.9%) when intubated with left head rotation. The intubation success rate with left head rotation was 92.3% versus 100% in the sniffing position, but this difference was not statistically significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Left head rotation produces comparable laryngeal exposure and intubation ease to the conventional sniffing position. Therefore, left head rotation may be an alternative for patients who cannot be intubated in the sniffing position, especially in hospitals where advanced techniques such as video laryngoscopes and flexible bronchoscopes are unavailable, as is the case in this study. However, since our sample size was small, studies with a larger study population ar","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e42500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10439464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10400365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}