Interactive Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Correlation Between the Social Network Structure and Well-Being of Health Care Workers in Intensive Care Units: Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Ryo Esumi, Asami Ito-Masui, Eiji Kawamoto, Mami Ito, Tomoyo Hayashi, Toru Shinkai, Atsuya Hane, Fumito Okuno, Eun Jeong Park, Ryuji Kaku, Motomu Shimaoka","doi":"10.2196/50148","DOIUrl":"10.2196/50148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective communication strategies are becoming increasingly important in intensive care units (ICUs) where patients at high risk are treated. Distributed leadership promotes effective communication among health care professionals (HCPs). Moreover, beyond facilitating patient care, it may improve well-being among HCPs by fostering teamwork. However, the impact of distributed leadership on the communication structure and well-being of HCPs remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We performed a social network analysis (SNA) to assess the characteristics of each HCP in the network, identify the number of HCP connections, analyze 4 centralities that can measure an HCP's importance, and evaluate the impact of distributed leadership structure on the well-being and communication structure of the medical staff.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wearable sensors were used to obtain face-to-face interaction data from the ICU medical staff at Mie University Hospital, Japan. Participants wore a badge on the front of their clothing during working hours to measure the total frequency of face-to-face interactions. We collected data about the well-being of medical staff using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) questionnaire and measured 4 centralities using SNA analysis. A CES-D questionnaire was administered during the study to measure the well-being of the HCPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 247 ICU workers participated in this clinical study for 4 weeks yearly in February 2016, 2017, and 2018. The distributed leadership structure was established within the ICU in 2017 and 2018. We compared these results with those of the traditional leadership structure used in 2016. Most face-to-face interactions in the ICU were among nurses or between nurses and other professionals. In 2016, overall, 10 nurses could perform leadership tasks, which significantly increased to 24 in 2017 (P=.046) and 20 in 2018 (P=.046). Considering the increased number of nurses who could perform leadership duties and the collaboration created within the organization, SNA in 2018 showed that the betweenness (P=.001), degree (P<.001), and closeness (P<.001) centralities significantly increased compared with those in 2016. However, the eigenvector centrality significantly decreased in 2018 compared with that in 2016 (P=.01). The CES-D scores in 2018 also significantly decreased compared with those in 2016 (P=.01). The betweenness (r=0.269; P=.02), degree (r=0.262; P=.03), and eigenvector (r=0.261; P=.03) centralities and CES-D scores were positively correlated in 2016, whereas the closeness centrality and CES-D scores were negatively correlated (r=-0.318; P=.01). In 2018, the degree (r=-0.280; P=.01) and eigenvector (r=-0.284; P=.01) centralities were negatively correlated with CES-D scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Face-to-face interactions of HCPs in the ICU were measured using wearable sensors, and nurses w","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":"e50148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10719822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonface-to-Face Visitation to Restrict Patient Visits for Infection Control: Integrative Review.","authors":"Hyunwoo Jeong, Yonsu Choi, Heejung Kim","doi":"10.2196/43572","DOIUrl":"10.2196/43572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the COVID-19 pandemic, a visit restriction policy for patients has been implemented in medical institutions worldwide and visits are being made using alternative communication technologies. This shift has also required the use of platforms to prevent negative consequences of these restrictions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this review was to comprehensively explore nonface-to-face visits as an alternative during infection prevention and to synthesize the scientific evidence of their benefits and disadvantages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted via the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science electronic databases; unpublished trials in the clinical trials register ClinicalTrials.gov; and Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library up to September 10, 2021. The search query was developed according to the guidelines of the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies and included keywords on the topics of telemedicine and visitation restrictions. The inclusion criteria were a nonface-to-face modality using telemedicine with family in a hospital setting, experimental and observational studies, and articles written in English. The exclusion criteria were inaccessible in full text, not related to patient or family involvement, mainly focused on the study protocol, or only discussing the pros and cons of telemedicine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, patients' families experienced emotional distress due to restrictions on face-to-face visits. Nonface-to-face virtual visits compensating for these restrictions had a positive effect on reducing the risk of infection to the patient and the family. This further encouraged psychological and physical recovery and decreased psychological distress. However, nonface-to-face virtual technology could not replace the existence of actual families, and technical problems with networks and devices are reported as limitations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ensuring the availability of technology and educating on the same in alignment with the characteristics of patients and their families, nonface-to-face virtual visits need to show more potential as an effective patient-centered treatment strategy based on more research and advanced practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e43572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138447057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periorbital Necrotizing Fasciitis: Case Presentation.","authors":"Ryan S Huang, Nikhil S Patil, Yasser Khan","doi":"10.2196/52507","DOIUrl":"10.2196/52507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an aggressive and potentially life-threatening infection of the superficial fascia and surrounding skin, fat, fascia, muscle, and other soft tissue structures. Here, we outline the rare case of a 26-year-old man with a periorbital Streptococcus pyogenes A NF infection. Our case report underscores a unique instance of periorbital NF, distinctively presenting without any predisposing risk factors, shedding light on its presentation, treatment, and pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":" ","pages":"e52507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Loneliness in Younger People: Review of the Opportunities and Challenges for Loneliness Interventions.","authors":"Hurmat Ali Shah, Mowafa Househ","doi":"10.2196/45197","DOIUrl":"10.2196/45197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loneliness affects the quality of life of people all around the world. Loneliness is also shown to be directly associated with mental health issues and is often the cause of mental health problems. It is also shown to increase the risk of heart diseases and other physical illnesses. Loneliness is studied both from the social and medical sciences perspectives. There are also interventions on the basis of health informatics, information and communication technologies (ICTs), social media, and other technological solutions. In the literature, loneliness is studied from various angles and perspectives ranging from biological to socioeconomical and through anthropological understandings of technology. From the ICT and technological sides, there are multiple reviews studying the effectiveness of intervention strategies and solutions. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive review on loneliness that engulfs the psychological, social, and technological studies of loneliness. From the perspective of loneliness informatics (ie, the application of health informatics practices and tools), it is important to understand the psychological and biological basis of loneliness. When it comes to technological interventions to fight off loneliness, the majority of interventions focus on older people. While loneliness is highest among older people, theoretical and demographical studies of loneliness give a U-shaped distribution age-wise to loneliness; that is, younger people and older people are the demographics most affected by loneliness. But the strategies and interventions designed for older people cannot be directly applied to younger people. We present the dynamics of loneliness in younger people and also provide an overview of the technological interventions for loneliness in younger people. This paper presents an approach wherein the studies carried out from the perspectives of digital health and informatics are discussed in detail. A comprehensive overview of the understanding of loneliness and the study of the overall field of tools and strategies of loneliness informatics was carried out. The need to study loneliness in younger people is addressed and particular digital solutions and interventions developed for younger people are presented. This paper can be used to overcome the challenges of technological gaps in the studies and strategies developed for loneliness. The findings of this study show that the majority of interventions and reviews are focused on older people, with ICT-based and social media-based interventions showing promise for countering the effects of loneliness. There are new technologies, such as conversational agents and robots, which are tailored to the particular needs of younger people. This literature review suggests that the digital solutions developed to overcome loneliness can benefit people, and younger people in particular, more if they are made interactive in order to retain users.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e45197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10654910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pragmatic Mapping of Perceptions and Use of Digital Information Systems in Primary Care in Sweden: Survey Study.","authors":"Anita Sant'Anna, Jens Nygren","doi":"10.2196/49973","DOIUrl":"10.2196/49973","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Electronic health records and IT infrastructure in primary care allow for digital documentation and access to information, which can be used to guide evidence-based care and monitor patient safety and quality of care. Quality indicators specified by regulatory authorities can be automatically computed and presented to primary care staff. However, the implementation of digital information systems (DIS) in health care can be challenging, and understanding factors such as relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability is needed to improve the success and rate of adoption and diffusion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to explore how DIS are used and perceived by health care professionals in primary care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study used quantitative assessment to gather survey data on the use and potential of DIS in health care in Sweden from the perspectives of primary care personnel in various roles. The digital questionnaire was designed to be short and contained 3 sections covering respondent characteristics, current use of platforms, and perceptions of decision support tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, nonparametric hypothesis testing, ordinal coefficient α, and confirmatory factor analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study collected responses from participants across 10 regions of Sweden, comprising 31.9% (n=22) from private clinics and 68.1% (n=47) from public clinics. Participants included administrators (18/69, 26.1%), a medical strategist (1/69, 1.4%), and physicians (50/69, 72.5%). Usage frequency varied as follows: 11.6% (n=8) used DIS weekly, 24.6% (n=17) monthly, 27.5% (n=19) a few times a year, 26.1% (n=18) very rarely, and 10.1% (n=7) lacked access. Administrators used DIS more frequently than physicians (P=.005). DIS use centered on quality improvement and identifying high-risk patients, with differences by role. Physicians were more inclined to use DIS out of curiosity (P=.01). Participants desired DIS for patient follow-up, lifestyle guidance, treatment suggestions, reminders, and shared decision-making. Administrators favored predictive analysis (P&lt;.001), while physicians resisted immediate patient identification (P=.03). The 5 innovation attributes showed high internal consistency (α&gt;.7). These factors explained 78.5% of questionnaire variance, relating to complexity, competitive advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability. Factors 2, 3, and 4 predicted intention to use DIS, with factor 2 alone achieving the best accuracy (root-mean-square=0.513).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Administrators and physicians exhibited role-based DIS use patterns highlighting the need for tailored approaches to promote DIS adoption. The study reveals a link between positive perceptions and intention to use DIS, emphasizing the significance of considering all factors for successful health care integration","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e49973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer Willingness to Pay for Food Defense and Food Hygiene in Japan: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Shinya Matsumoto, Yoshiyuki Kanagawa, Kiwamu Nagoshi, Takemi Akahane, Tomoaki Imamura, Manabu Akahane","doi":"10.2196/43936","DOIUrl":"10.2196/43936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Japan, incidents of falsified expiration dates on popular cookie brands and health hazards associated with frozen Chinese dumplings have raised food safety awareness. To prevent the intentional contamination of food by foreign substances, large food manufacturing companies have adopted the concept of food defense.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess people's willingness to pay for food protection measures. In addition, the impact of participants' personalities and considerations regarding their purchase choices on how much they were willing to pay when shopping for food and other products were measured.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire on willingness to pay for food hygiene and food defense was administered via a web survey and 1414 responses were included in the analysis. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed with individuals willing and unwilling to pay additional costs as the objective variable and other questionnaire items as explanatory variables. A principal component analysis was performed on 12 questions regarding how much additional money people were willing to pay, and the principal component scores and other questions were examined for implications and other information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately one-third of the respondents stated that they were unwilling to pay additional costs and reported a willingness to consume delivery food even if it contained items that were not part of the original order. The first principal component reflected the extent to which people were willing to pay additional money, and if so, how much. This tendency existed even if the individual foods and amounts varied. The third principal component reflected the amount of extra money that people were willing to pay, which was determined by the amount people had to pay toward food safety measures. Those who answered \"zero\" were more likely to believe that consumers should not have to pay to ensure food safety. The second principal component reflected an axis separating food defense and food hygiene. Some items not directly related to food were correlated with this axis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Japan, the concept of food hygiene is well-established and is generally taken for granted. In contrast, the concept of food defense is relatively new and has not yet fully penetrated the Japanese market. Our research shows that people who think that clothing brands provided added value to clothing products may have similar feelings about food defense. In addition, food hygiene efforts to prevent outbreaks of food poisoning are common in Japan and have been established as the basis of food safety. While food defense efforts are spreading, mainly in companies, it is presumed that they are valuable for the general public as supplementary measures to routine (or basic) food hygiene.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e43936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49693794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Virtual Reconstructions of Shoulder Movements Using Computed Tomography Images: Model Development.","authors":"Yu-Hee Kim,&nbsp;In Park,&nbsp;Soo Buem Cho,&nbsp;Seoyon Yang,&nbsp;Il Kim,&nbsp;Kyong-Ha Lee,&nbsp;Kwangnam Choi,&nbsp;Seung-Ho Han","doi":"10.2196/48381","DOIUrl":"10.2196/48381","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e48381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Brief Internet-Based Self-Report Measure of Maladaptive Personality and Interpersonal Schema: Confirmatory Factor Analysis.","authors":"Hyeonseong Kim,&nbsp;Seohyun Jeong,&nbsp;Inae Hwang,&nbsp;Kiyoung Sung,&nbsp;Woori Moon,&nbsp;Min-Sup Shin","doi":"10.2196/48425","DOIUrl":"10.2196/48425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing digital mental health interventions mainly focus on the symptoms of specific mental disorders, but do not focus on Maladaptive Personalities and Interpersonal Schemas (MPISs). As an initial step toward considering personalities and schemas in intervention programs, there is a need for the development of tools for measuring core personality traits and interpersonal schemas known to cause psychological discomfort among potential users of digital mental health interventions. Thus, the MPIS was developed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of this study are to validate the MPIS by comparing 2 models of the MPIS factor structure and to understand the characteristics of the MPIS by assessing its correlations with other measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 234 participants who were using web-based community sites in South Korea, including university students, graduate students, working professionals, and homemakers. All the data were gathered through web-based surveys. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare a single-factor model with a 5-factor model. Reliability and correlation analyses with other scales were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-factor model (χ²₅₅₀=1278.1; Tucker-Lewis index=0.80; comparative fit index=0.81; and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.07) was more suitable than the single-factor model (χ²₅₆₀=2341.5; Tucker-Lewis index=0.52; comparative fit index=0.54; and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.11) for measuring maladaptive personality traits and interpersonal relationship patterns. The internal consistency of each factor of the MPIS was good (Cronbach α=.71-.88), and the correlations with existing measures were statistically significant. The MPIS is a validated 35-item tool for measuring 5 essential personality traits and interpersonal schemas in adults aged 18-39 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study introduced the MPIS, a concise and effective questionnaire capable of measuring maladaptive personality traits and interpersonal relationship schemas. Through analysis, the MPIS was shown to reliably assess these psychological constructs and validate them. Its web-based accessibility and reduced item count make it a valuable tool for mental health assessment. Future applications include its integration into digital mental health care services, allowing easy web-based administration and aiding in the classification of psychological therapy programs based on the obtained results.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05952063; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05952063.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e48425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10576229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Core Set of Quality Criteria for Virtual Reality Applications Designed for Older Adults: Multistep Qualitative Study.","authors":"Alina Napetschnig,&nbsp;Klara Brixius,&nbsp;Wolfgang Deiters","doi":"10.2196/45433","DOIUrl":"10.2196/45433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Virtual reality (VR) applications are gaining growing significance, particularly among older adults. These applications can provide valuable support to older adults by offering immersive VR content that positively influences various aspects of their daily lives, including activities of daily living. Furthermore, VR applications can contribute to the enhancement of cognitive and motor skills, ultimately leading to an improved quality of life for older individuals. Nevertheless, to ensure a positive impact, it is crucial to develop VR experiences that are tailored to the needs and preferences of the users.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to develop a core set of quality criteria and guidelines for the development of user-centered VR applications specifically designed for older adults (target group).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The multistep qualitative study design comprised several key stages, beginning with a systematic literature search. This was followed by a framework analysis aimed at identifying a core set of criteria. Subsequently, these criteria underwent validation through expert workshops. The outcomes achieved through this iterative process were organized and categorized into criteria, accompanied by explanations detailing the underlying categories or codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quality criteria core set for older adults-friendly VR applications has been developed through an iterative process. It is divided into 2 distinct parts, each containing criteria categorized into specific areas. The first part includes the following categories: (1) quality assurance of medical/health content, (2) data protection provisions, (3) quality requirements, (4) consumer protection, and (5) interoperability. The second part includes the following categories: (1) graphic/quality, (2) 3D character/avatar, (3) providing in-game instructions and prompts, (4) interaction, (5) navigation, and (6) promotion of user motivation and loyalty to use. The results imply a differentiated scope as well as a differentiated granularity of the criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the ongoing advancement of VR technology and the diverse needs within the older adult demographic, it is essential to assess the quality criteria core set results on an individual basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e45433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10568390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41123386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal Workflow and Key Strategies for Data Cleaning Toward Real-World Data: Viewpoint.","authors":"Manping Guo,&nbsp;Yiming Wang,&nbsp;Qiaoning Yang,&nbsp;Rui Li,&nbsp;Yang Zhao,&nbsp;Chenfei Li,&nbsp;Mingbo Zhu,&nbsp;Yao Cui,&nbsp;Xin Jiang,&nbsp;Song Sheng,&nbsp;Qingna Li,&nbsp;Rui Gao","doi":"10.2196/44310","DOIUrl":"10.2196/44310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid development of science, technology, and engineering, large amounts of data have been generated in many fields in the past 20 years. In the process of medical research, data are constantly generated, and large amounts of real-world data form a \"data disaster.\" Effective data analysis and mining are based on data availability and high data quality. The premise of high data quality is the need to clean the data. Data cleaning is the process of detecting and correcting \"dirty data,\" which is the basis of data analysis and management. Moreover, data cleaning is a common technology for improving data quality. However, the current literature on real-world research provides little guidance on how to efficiently and ethically set up and perform data cleaning. To address this issue, we proposed a data cleaning framework for real-world research, focusing on the 3 most common types of dirty data (duplicate, missing, and outlier data), and a normal workflow for data cleaning to serve as a reference for the application of such technologies in future studies. We also provided relevant suggestions for common problems in data cleaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":51757,"journal":{"name":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"e44310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10557005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}