Narra J最新文献

{"title":"Association of MPV, NLR, PLR and CRP on testicular salvage in testicular torsion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sakti R Brodjonegoro, Dicky M Rizal, Nur Arfian, Raedi A Luzman, Narpati W Pikatan, Robert Robert, Toni Febriyanto, Belinda Liliana, Noka Yogahutama, Iqbal W Dwiaji","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1785","DOIUrl":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testicular torsion, a critical urological emergency caused by twisting of the spermatic cord, poses a risk of ischemia, particularly in children who often struggle to pinpoint symptoms onset. Delay in managing testicular torsion can lead to the need for orchiectomy. The aim of this study was to assess the association between hematologic parameters-mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP)-and testicular salvage in cases of testicular torsion. Four databases (PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Science Direct, and Scopus) were systematically searched for eligible studies published up to November 4, 2024. The primary outcome was testicular salvage. Sensitivity analysis was performed using leave- one-out plot. Subgroup analysis was performed based on age, country, region, duration to orchiopexy and duration to orchiectomy. Heterogeneity was examined using <i>I</i> ² statistics, and a random-effect model was applied. Out of 363 studies identified, nine observational studies involving 796 patients were included, with 338 (42.3%) in orchiopexy group. The meta-analysis indicated that MPV value was significantly elevated in orchiectomy group (mean difference (MD): -0.4; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.62-(-0.18); <i>p</i> < 0.01), with higher MPV levels associated with an increased likelihood of orchiectomy (odds ratio (OR): 2.12; 95%CI: 1.35-3.33; <i>p</i> < 0.01). NLR, PLR, and CRP showed no significant association with testicular salvage, as demonstrated by pooled MD and OR analyses (<i>p</i> > 0.05). No significant differences were observed after sensitivity and subgroup analysis (<i>p</i> > 0.05). These findings suggest that elevated MPV levels are associated with non- salvageable testis, requiring orchiectomy highlighting its potential utility in clinical evaluation for testicular torsion.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of differentially expressed genes in resting human skeletal muscle of sedentary versus strength and endurance- trained individuals using bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation.","authors":"Rias G Kinanti, Anditri Weningtyas, Kiky M Ariesaka, Sendhi T Puspitasari, Ni Lka Arsani, Hung E Liao","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle adaptation to different training regimens is essential for advancing muscle health and performance interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate molecular and genetic adaptations in the resting skeletal muscle of sedentary individuals compared to strength- and endurance-trained athletes using bioinformatics and in vitro validation. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis of the GSE9405 dataset was conducted. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. To validate the bioinformatics findings, the expression of two identified genes was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in professional athletes and age-matched non-athletes. Analysis of RNA expression profiles from the GSE9405 dataset identified 426 DEGs, with 165 upregulated and 261 downregulated in trained individuals. Enrichment analysis highlighted pathways related to metabolic efficiency, mitochondrial function, and muscle remodeling, all crucial for athletic performance. <i>PRKACA</i> and <i>CALM3</i> were identified as key upregulated genes in trained individuals with central roles in these pathways. The area under the curve (AUC) values for <i>CALM3</i> and <i>PRKACA</i> were 0.8558 and 0.8846, respectively, for differentiating the two groups. Validation in human samples confirmed that <i>CALM3</i> expression was significantly higher in athletes (<i>p</i> = 0.00i), suggesting its critical role in muscle adaptation. However, <i>PRKACA</i> expression differences between the groups were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.32i). These findings provide insights into gene-level responses to long-term training, offering a basis for targeted interventions to enhance muscle health and athletic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical fingerprinting and antioxidant properties of <i>Glochidion philippicum</i>.","authors":"Khairuddin Khairuddin, Marianti A Manggau, Herlina Rante, Widya Hardiyanti, Nadila P Latada, Abdul H Umar, Syamsu Nur, Elly Wahyudin, Latifah Rahman, Risfah Yulianty, Firzan Nainu","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Glochidion philippicum</i> has been suggested to exhibit considerable pharmacological potential, yet its chemical composition and bioactivity remain inadequately explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical fingerprint and antioxidant properties of <i>G. philippicum</i> leaf extracts using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with chemometric analyses, and in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Four extraction methods (maceration, reflux, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)) were optimized with water, 70% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane as solvents. FTIR profiles were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. An in vitro study assessing the free radical scavenging capacity was conducted using the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, while in vivo evaluations were conducted using <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> to measure antioxidant enzyme activity and expression of endogenous antioxidant-related genes. FTIR profiles identified functional groups contributing to antioxidant activity. In vitro assays using ABTS and FRAP methods revealed that extracts obtained with 70% ethanol and water exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, attributed to key functional groups such as C = C (aromatic), O-H (acidic), N = O (nitro), and C-O (ester). In vivo studies showed that ethanol-based MAE extracts (MAEEO) significantly improved the survival of autoinflammatory <i>PGRP-LB^A</i> mutant larvae exposed to heat-killed <i>Escherichia coli.</i> Real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated this effect was dependent on endogenous antioxidant gene activation. The study highlights that <i>G. philippicum</i> leaf extracts as a natural source of bioactive compounds with exogenous antioxidant properties, offering potential for therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1886"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel diastolic dysfunction score: A proposed diagnostic predictor for left ventricular dysfunction in obese population.","authors":"Telly Kamelia, Cleopas M Rumende, Lukman H Makmun, Ina S Timan, Samsuridjal Djauzi, Joedo Prihartono, Fauziah Fardizza, Nur A Tabri","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity-related diastolic dysfunction is an emerging contributor to heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. However, effective and accessible diagnostic tools are still limited. Current methods for assessing diastolic dysfunction are often invasive or technologically demanding, making them impractical for routine clinical use and community settings. The aim of this study was to develop a novel, non-invasive scoring system designed to predict diastolic dysfunction in obese adults, addressing this diagnostic gap. This community-based, prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia, from March to November 2021, and included 82 participants aged 18 to 60 years, all with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m². Patients with acute or critical illnesses, valvular heart diseases, or acute confusional states were excluded. Each participant underwent blood tests, polysomnography, and echocardiography. Of the study population, 80.5% were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and 12.2% exhibited diastolic dysfunction, all within the OSA group. The novel scoring system integrates four predictors: oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ≥39 (score 1; prevalence ratio: 4-31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-11.75)), HbAiC ≥5.95% (score 2; prevalence ratio: 6.32 (95%CI: 2.84-14.06)), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) ≥10 mmHg (score 1; prevalence ratio: 5.95 (95%CI: 2.30-15.39)), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) ≥-16.95% (score 1; prevalence ratio: 4.32 (95%CI: 1.87-9.99)). A score of ≥2 predicted diastolic dysfunction with 90% sensitivity, with positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 40.91% and 98.33%, respectively. In conclusion, the diastolic dysfunction score is a simple and practical tool for the early detection of diastolic dysfunction in obese individuals without cardiovascular symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of semen insemination on the vaginal microbiome profile of candidiasis rat model: A preliminary forensic study on sexual violence evidence.","authors":"Raja Afw Iswara, Andon Hestiantoro, Yuli Budiningsih, Retno A Werdhani, Ponco Birowo, Puspita E Wuyung, Fadilah Fadilah, Dedi Afandi","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual violence, including sexual intercourse, can occur in women experiencing vaginal discharge, particularly in cases of vaginal candidiasis. In candidiasis, the vaginal microbiome undergoes changes that could serve as a diagnostic indicator or as evidence of sexual activity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of semen insemination on the vaginal microbiome profile of candidiasis rats and to determine its forensic investigations in cases of sexual violence. An experimental study was carried out using Wistar strain rats <i>(Rattus norvegicus),</i> consisting of four male rats (for spermatozoa donors) and twenty-four female rats. The female rats were divided into four groups: normal condition (control), normal condition post-semen insemination, candidiasis rats, and candidiasis rat post-semen insemination. Vaginal microbiome profiles were examined for each group, using alpha diversity (Chao 1, Shannon, Simpson, and Faith PD indices) and beta diversity (Bray Curtis, Jaccard, Unweighted Unifrac and Weighted Unifrac indices). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test for alpha diversity and the PERMANOVA test for beta diversity. There is no significant difference in alpha and beta diversity of the vaginal microbiome between groups of rats in normal conditions and those with candidiasis, both pre- and post-semen insemination (<i>p</i>>0.05). In candidiasis rats, the microbiome predominantly consisted of the Eukaryota kingdom, particularly <i>Candida albicans</i>. However, the study highlights that the presence of <i>Eschericia-Shigella, Roseomonas</i>, and Archaea in the vaginal microbiome post-semen insemination potentially serves as an indicator of sexual intercourse, which may provide evidence of sexual violence in forensic medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder, stress burden, and quality of life among caregivers of children with cancer in Egypt.","authors":"Hisham A Ramy, Sara M Sultan, Rasha A Salama","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caregivers of children with cancer frequently endure considerable psychological distress. The challenging nature of caregiving, combined with the emotional burden of witnessing a child's illness and treatment, can impact the quality of life and lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in these caregivers. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PTSD among caregivers of pediatric cancer patients and to identify the risk factors contributing to its development. Additionally, it examined the stress burden on caregivers and its impact on their quality of life. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted over six months at the outpatient pediatric oncology clinics in Ain Shams University Hospital and the National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt. The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, Zarit Burden Interview, and PCASEE quality of life were utilized to assess the PTSD symptoms, perceived burden, and quality of life, respectively. A total of 60 caregivers of children with cancer and 60 caregivers of children without cancer were included. Among the caregivers of children with cancer, 91.3% (n = 55) exhibited post-traumatic stress symptoms, with 31.3% (n = 19) meeting the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, compared to 0% of caregivers of children without cancer. Caregivers of children with cancer had significantly higher stress burden and lower quality of life scores compared to caregivers of children without cancer (48.66 ± 9.95 vs 13.25 ± 5.64; <i>p</i> = 0.001 and 51.8 ± 15.2 vs 72.2 ± 14.3; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Young age (<i>p</i> = 0.033), being a mother (<i>p</i> = 0.003), and taking care of those with tumor relapse (<i>p</i> = 0.012) were identified as significant factors associated with PTSD development among caregivers of cancer patients. Moreover, caregivers of children with cancer experienced significantly higher stress burden levels and reduced quality of life compared to those caring for children without cancer (<i>p</i> = 0.001), further increasing their risk of developing PTSD. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted psychological support and interventions to improve the well-being of these caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiological investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk factors in Indonesia before mass COVID-19 vaccination.","authors":"Tri Ym Wahyono, Renti Mahkota, Fajaria Nurcandra, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Atik C Hidajah, Helda Helda, Fariani Syahrul, Indra Dwinata, Nurhayati Kawi","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Indonesia, surveillance focused on finding and treating symptomatic cases. However, emerging evidence indicated that asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals significantly contributed to viral transmission. This highlights the need for comprehensive surveillance to understand better the actual spread of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population across Indonesia and identify risk factors associated with infection at the beginning of the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across 17 provinces, 69 districts/cities, and 1,020 villages in Indonesia from December 22, 2020, to February 15, 2021. A multistage random sampling technique was employed. Serological testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2. Complex sample analysis, adjusted for weights, was utilized to estimate the national seroprevalence and a generalized linear model with a binomial distribution was applied to identify risk factors. A total of 10,161 individuals were included in the final analysis, with the national seroprevalence being 14.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.2-18.5). The prevalence was higher in females (16.8%; 95%CI: 12.5-22.3), individuals aged 46-59 years (18.6%; 95%CI: 14.2-24.0), and in urban areas (20.1%; 95%CI: 15.0-26.2). The highest prevalence was observed in North Maluku (35.6%; 95%CI: 29.3-42.5). Notably, 54.2% of seropositive individuals were asymptomatic, while 7.5% reported hypertension as a comorbidity. Factors associated with higher seroprevalence were being married (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.47; 95%CI: 1.02-2.12), widow (aPR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.01-3.00), and close contact with confirmed cases (aPR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.52-2.73). This study revealed a COVID-19 prevalence significantly higher than official estimate in Indonesia, underscoring the need for improved surveillance system to more accurately track disease spread and to inform timely public health responses in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanol extract from <i>Ziziphus nummularia</i> stem inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation through TP53 regulating kinase (TP53RK)-mediated p53 activation: In silico and genes expression investigations.","authors":"Berna Elya, Rosmalena Rosmalena, Ajeng M Fajrin, Aryo Tedjo, Nur A Ramadanti, Norma N Azizah, Najihah Bm Hashim","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The p53 signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and senescence, making it a key target in cancer research. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an ethanol extract from the stem of <i>Ziziphus nummularia</i> on the proliferation and expression of genes involved in the p53 pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. To achieve this, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of downstream genes linked to cell cycle and senescence, including <i>CycE</i> or <i>CCNEl, RBLl, and E2F1.</i> Molecular docking simulations using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) were also performed to assess the potential inhibitory activity of metabolite compounds from <i>Z. nummularia</i> stem against p53-regulating kinase (TP53RK<i>)</i>. The results showed that the IC50 value of <i>Z. nummularia</i> stem ethanol extract against MCF-7 cells was 38.27 ± 0.72 μg/mL. The results also revealed a reduction in the expression of downstream genes linked to cell senescence and the cell cycle: <i>CycE</i> or <i>CCNE1</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.011), <i>RBL1</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.008), and <i>E2F1</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.005), which was observed through RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression. This fact indicated that the inhibitory effects on proliferation by the ethanol extract of <i>Z. nummularia</i> stem might occur via pathways associated with cell senescence and cell cycle arrest. Molecular docking results of metabolite compounds from <i>Z. nummularia</i> stem suggested that squalene (Rerank score -112.70 kJ/mol), and nummularine B (Rerank score -110.68 kJ/mol) had potential as TP53RK inhibitors. These Rerank scores were smaller compared to the Rerank score of adenyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), which was the native ligand of TP53RK, as confirmed by molecular dynamics analysis. These in silico results were confirmed by the decrease in <i>p21</i> (<i>CDKN1A</i>) mRNA expression. In conclusion, the anti-proliferative effects of the ethanol extract from <i>Z. nummularia</i> stem on breast cancer cells occurred by affecting cell cycle-related genes and inhibiting apoptosis protection mediated by overexpression of <i>p21 (CDKN1A)</i> through p53 activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic mechanism of <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> extract and tetracycline against multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.","authors":"Haris M Nasution, Ana Yulyana, Rezza F Utama, Roy I Bangar, Vera E Kaban, Wardiyah Daulay, Ririn Astyka, Muhammad F Lubis","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> infections underscores the urgent need for novel antimicrobial strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects between a polyphenol-rich extract from <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> fruit and tetracycline against MDR <i>A. baumannii</i> strains. The extraction process was optimized using the Box-Behnken design approach to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) of the <i>P. emblica</i> extract. Key variables, including ethanol concentration, extraction time, and solid-to-liquid ratio (w/v), were determined through single-factor experiments. The antimicrobial activity of the extract, both alone and in combination with tetracycline, was evaluated against <i>A. baumannii</i>. Mechanistic studies focusing on bacterial lysis and efflux pump inhibition were conducted to assess the extract's effects and its combined potential with tetracycline. The Box-Behnken design successfully optimized the extraction conditions, yielding the highest TPC at 68.92% ethanol concentration, 1.85 days of extraction time, and a 1:9.58 w/v ratio. The predicted and experimentally verified TPC values of the extract were 129.19 and 130.76 ± 2.46 mg GAE/g samples, respectively, with no significant difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The extract contained several phenolic compounds identified using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). It exhibited antimicrobial activity against MDR <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, either alone or in combination with tetracycline. The combination demonstrated a synergistic effect against MDR <i>A. baumannii</i>, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.37. Moreover, the combination showed superior bacteriolytic effects against MDR <i>A. baumannii</i> cells, as evidenced by increased release of nucleic acid components and membrane destabilization, compared to the extract or tetracycline alone (<i>p</i> < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Additionally, the combination significantly enhanced the efflux pump inhibition effect compared to the extract or tetracycline alone (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for both). These findings support the potential use of polyphenol-rich <i>P. emblica</i> extracts as adjuncts to conventional antibiotics in treating drug-resistant bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1939"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Sulawesi ethnomedicines: A study of <i>Cordia myxa</i> and <i>Syzygium malaccense</i> in a <i>Drosophila</i> model of hyperglycemia.","authors":"Firzan Nainu, Muhammad A Bahar, Habibie Habibie, Ahmad Najib, Muhammad S Zubair, Muhammad Arba, Asbah Asbah, Mukarram Mudjahid, Nadila P Latada, Filmaharani Filmaharani, Annisa A Putri","doi":"10.52225/narra.v5i1.1712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating prevalence of diabetes represents a critical challenge to global health and quality of life. Indonesia, particularly the Sulawesi region, is home to a diverse array of endemic plants with potential as sources of novel antidiabetic compounds. However, traditional preclinical models for evaluating these candidates are limited by high costs and lengthy timelines. The aim of this study was to explore the antidiabetic potential of <i>Cordia myxa</i> and <i>Syzygium malaccense</i> extracts using <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> as a novel, cost- effective and efficient in vivo model. Hyperglycemia was induced in <i>D. melanogaster</i> larvae through a high-sugar diet, and the plant extracts were incorporated into the larval diets at concentrations ranging from 0.3125% to 2.5%. Phenotypic parameters, including body size, body weight, crawling activity, and hemolymph glucose levels, were evaluated, and the expression of metabolism-related genes (<i>dilp2, dilp5</i>, and <i>srl</i>) was analyzed using RT-qPCR. This study found that <i>C. myxa</i> and <i>S. malaccense</i> extracts improved crawling activity and body size in hyperglycemic larvae. Notably, <i>C. myxa</i> extract significantly reduced hemolymph glucose levels (<i>p</i> < 0.01), increased body weight (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and upregulated the expression of metabolic genes such as <i>dilp2</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001), <i>dilp5</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and <i>srl</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). In contrast, <i>S. malaccense</i> extract showed less pronounced effects, highlighting the efficacy of <i>C. myxa</i> extract in alleviating hyperglycemia and restoring metabolic homeostasis. The study highlights that <i>C. myxa</i> extract demonstrated promising antidiabetic properties in the <i>Drosophila</i> model, underscoring the utility of this model for early-stage antidiabetic drug screening and supporting further preclinical investigation into the therapeutic potential of <i>C. myxa</i> for managing hyperglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":517416,"journal":{"name":"Narra J","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}