IET Wireless Sensor Systems最新文献

{"title":"Data collection in IoT networks: Architecture, solutions, protocols and challenges","authors":"Ado Adamou Abba Ari,&nbsp;Hamayadji Abdoul Aziz,&nbsp;Arouna Ndam Njoya,&nbsp;Moussa Aboubakar,&nbsp;Assidé Christian Djedouboum,&nbsp;Ousmane Thiare,&nbsp;Alidou Mohamadou","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12080","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is the recent technology intended to facilitate the daily life of humans by providing the power to connect, control and automate objects in the physical world. In this logic, the IoT helps to improve our way of producing and working in various areas (e.g. agriculture, industry, healthcare, transportation etc). Basically, an IoT network comprises physical devices, equipped with sensors and transmitters, that are interconnected with each other and/or connected to the Internet. Its main objective is to gather and transmit data to a storage system such as a server or cloud to enable processing and analysis, ultimately facilitating rapid decision-making or enhancements to the user experience. In the realm of Connected Objects, an effective IoT data collection system plays a vital role by providing several benefits, such as real-time data monitoring, enhanced decision-making, increased operational efficiency etc. However, because of the resource limitations linked to connected objects, such as low memory and battery, or even single-use devices etc. IoT data collecting presents several challenges including scalability, security, interoperability, flexibility etc. for both researchers and companies. The authors categorise current IoT data collection techniques and perform a comparative evaluation of these methods based on the topics analysed and elaborated by the authors. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in IoT data collection is provided, highlighting different data types and sources, transmission protocols from connected sensors to a storage platform (server or cloud), the IoT data collection framework, and principles for streamlining the collection process. Finally, the most important research questions and future prospects for the effective collection of IoT data are summarised.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 4","pages":"85-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing spectrum sensing efficiency in multi-channel cognitive device-to-device networks: Medium Access Control layer strategies and analysis","authors":"Irfan Latif Khan,&nbsp;Adeel Iqbal,&nbsp;Ali Nauman,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Jamshed,&nbsp;Atif Shakeel,&nbsp;Riaz Hussain,&nbsp;Adnan Rashid,&nbsp;Tommaso Pecorella","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12079","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The detection and characterisation of electromagnetic signals within a specific frequency range, known as spectrum sensing, plays a crucial role in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). The CRNs aim to adapt their communication parameters to the surrounding radio environment, thereby improving the efficiency and utilisation of the available radio spectrum. Spectrum sensing is particularly important in device-to-device (D2D) communication when operating independently of the cellular network infrastructure. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol coordinates device communication and ensures interference-free operation of the CRN coexisting with the primary cellular network. A spectrum sensing strategy at the MAC layer for cognitive D2D communication. The strategy focuses on reducing the overall sensing period allocated at the MAC layer by having each Cognitive D2D User (cD2DU) sense a smaller subset of available channels while maintaining the same sensing time for cellular user detection at the physical layer. To achieve this, the concept of concurrent groups of D2D devices is introduced in proximity, which are formed by using unique IDs of cD2DUs during the device discovery stage. Each concurrent group senses a specific portion of the cellular user band in a shorter time, resulting in a reduced overall sensing period. In addition to mitigating traffic congestion through data diversion from the cellular network, the proposed strategy facilitates the concurrent sensing of multiple channels by cD2DUs within the underutilised cellular user band. This leads to extended data transmission periods, increased network throughput, and effective offloading of the cellular network. The effectiveness of the proposed work is evaluated by considering factors, such as network throughput and transmission time. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the approach in improving spectrum utilisation and communication efficiency in multi-channel Cognitive D2D Networks (cD2DNs).</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 4","pages":"132-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced reliability in hazardous event detection: A resilient multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks","authors":"Bálint Áron Üveges,&nbsp;András Oláh","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12078","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the advance of climate change and the local effects of human activity, it has become of utmost importance to sense spatially extended natural and artificial physical phenomena to predict, monitor, and mitigate hazardous events. Wireless sensor networks are suitable for observing such phenomena, for example, wildfires, floods or landslides, without human supervision. This is due to affordable devices, independent power sources, wireless communication, and a broad range of sensors. During normal operation a few, while during the occurrence of an event a multitude of devices can fail. This leads to further disconnected devices, degrading the network's sensing capabilities. The communication requirements of such applications are difficult to fulfil with general routing protocols. The monitored event is rare compared to the network's lifetime, while its occurrence results in multiple, gradual node failures, still demanding the network to perform reliably. Available routing protocols fail to address every aspect of such application, thus the authors propose the Reliable Resilient Multipath Routing Protocol, designed to construct multiple disjoint paths from each device to a distinguished one, called the sink. The protocol employs proactive and reactive network management techniques to increase connection redundancy and maintain connectivity during failures. To verify the proposed protocol end-to-end, we evaluated the supported parameters, performed comparative simulations with routing algorithms known from the literature, and provided estimates of a realistic deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 4","pages":"111-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A game theoretic approach to wireless body area networks interference control","authors":"Ahmed A. Alabdel Abass,&nbsp;Hisham Alshaheen,&nbsp;Haifa Takruri","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12077","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper we consider a scenario where there are two wireless body area networks (WBANs) interfere with each other from a game theoretic perspective. In particular, we envision two WBANs playing a potential game to enhance their performance by decreasing interference to each other. Decreasing interference extends the sensors' batteries life time and reduces the number of re-transmissions. We derive the required conditions for the game to be a potential game and its associated the Nash equilibrium (NE). Specifically, we formulate a game where each WBAN has three strategies. Depending on the payoff of each strategy, the game can be designed to achieve a desired NE. Furthermore, we employ a learning algorithm to achieve that NE. In particular, we employ the Fictitious play (FP) learning algorithm as a distributed algorithm that WBANs can use to approach the NE. The simulation results show that the NE is mainly a function of the power cost parameter and a reliability factor that we set depending on each WBAN setting (patient). However, the power cost factor is more dominant than the reliability factor according to the linear cost function formulation that we use throughout this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 3","pages":"72-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart binary phase-coding for pulse-compression radar: An electronic protection technique against repeater jamming","authors":"Alper Yıldırım,&nbsp;Serkan Kiranyaz","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12071","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nowadays, modern radar systems increase their target detection capabilities by processing pulses coherently. On the other hand, digital radio frequency memory-based modern jammers have the ability to work coherently and can deceive radars even with a very low effective radiated power. These jammers, which have the capability of storing the radar's pulse, can use the previous pulses that they have stored in their memory during the electronic deception, without waiting for the last pulse of the radar, in other words, before the new pulse is received. If the radar does not change its parameters from pulse to pulse, such smart jamming techniques applied in this way can be very effective. In this article, the authors propose to use a smart binary phase-coding method for pulse compression radar as an electronic protection technique against repeater jamming. This approach further improves the target detection capability of modern radar systems, which use coherent integration in the receiver. The proposed method can provide high protection against digital radio frequency memory-based repetitive range deception techniques without compromising the radar's target detection capability. In the simulations, the traditional approach in which the same code is used without changing from pulse-to-pulse, and the approach using code sets obtained by the smart binary phase-coding method in intra-pulse modulation are compared. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the isolation against deception jamming and the target detection capability simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 3","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FDPA internet of things system for forest fire detection, prediction and behaviour analysis","authors":"Ahmad A. A. Alkhatib,&nbsp;Khalid Mohammad Jaber","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12076","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating issue of forest fires poses severe risks to ecosystems and human habitats, primarily due to the greenhouse effect and sudden climate changes. These fires, mostly occurring naturally, necessitate prompt detection and control. Addressing this, the authors introduce the Forest Fire Detection, Prediction, and Behaviour Analysis (FDPA) system, an innovative Internet of Things (IoT) solution. The FDPA system leverages a wireless sensor network to efficiently detect and analyse fire behaviour, providing real-time data on fire spread, speed, and direction. Uniquely, it can anticipate natural fires hours before they occur by monitoring ecological parameters such as humidity, temperature, and using the Chandler Burning Index (CBI) for quantifying fire danger. Designed for the challenging forest environment, the FDPA system prioritises minimal power usage and simple components, crucial in areas with limited power resources. Its resilient design ensures the wireless sensor network and sensor nodes withstand harsh weather and fire conditions, maintaining functionality and reliability. Field tests of the FDPA system in various Jordanian forest locations, including Burgish–Ajloun, have demonstrated its effectiveness. The trials revealed the system's capability in early fire detection, low latency response, predicting fire behaviour, and determining fire spread direction. Continuous monitoring of the forest ecosystem and rapid detection allow authorities to act swiftly, preventing potential fires from escalating. Furthermore, the system tracks ecological changes within the forest, offering insights into imminent natural fires. This feature enables proactive measures to mitigate fire spread, safeguarding the environment and nearby communities. The strategic placement of sensor nodes and the use of durable yet straightforward components reduce the risk of system damage due to environmental extremities. Overall, the FDPA system emerges as a promising tool for forest fire management. Its ability to detect, predict, and analyse forest fires in real-time positions it as a vital asset in minimising the detrimental impacts of forest fires on the environment and human settlements.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 3","pages":"56-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140220377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A channel state information and geomagnetic fused fingerprint localisation algorithm based on multi-input convolutional neural network","authors":"Zhenhao Cheng,&nbsp;Dongqing Zhao,&nbsp;Wenzhuo Guo,&nbsp;Linyang Li","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12075","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerous applications require indoor localisation, and one of the current research areas is how to leverage low-cost ubiquitous signals for indoor localisation. This research designs a multi-input convolutional neural network (Multi-CNN) localisation approach to combine natural geomagnetic signals and universal 5G communication signals. To create the location fingerprint data, the geomagnetic three-component data and channel state information (CSI) must first undergo independent preprocessing. Subsequently, the rebuilt CSI amplitude and geomagnetic intensity are employed for separate offline training to efficiently extract the corresponding data features. Lastly, Multi-CNN is used to estimate the user's location online. The localisation outcomes for the conference room and hall demonstrate that the Multi-CNN algorithm can achieve average localisation accuracies of 1.41 and 2.66 m, respectively. These are higher than the single-input CNN algorithms by 21% and 15%, and higher than backpropagation network (BPNN) algorithm by 24% and 17%, and higher than the weighted K-nearest neighbour algorithm by 34% and 28%. The Multi-CNN-based localisation approach successfully fuses the diverse data, potentially satisfying most indoor localisation applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 1-2","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140348843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting sparsity for localisation of large-scale wireless sensor networks","authors":"Shiraz Khan,&nbsp;Inseok Hwang,&nbsp;James Goppert","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12074","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) localisation refers to the problem of determining the position of each of the agents in a WSN using noisy measurement information. In many cases, such as in distance and bearing-based localisation, the measurement model is a non-linear function of the agents' positions, leading to pairwise interconnections between the agents. As the optimal solution for the WSN localisation problem is known to be computationally expensive in these cases, an efficient approximation is desired. The authors show that the inherent sparsity in this problem can be exploited to greatly reduce the computational effort of using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for large-scale WSN localisation. In the proposed method, which the authors call the L-Banded Extended Kalman Filter (LB-EKF), the measurement information matrix is converted into a banded matrix by relabelling (permuting the order of) the vertices of the graph. Using a combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, it is shown that typical WSN configurations (which can be modelled as random geometric graphs) can be localised in a scalable manner using the proposed LB-EKF approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 1-2","pages":"20-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalised covariance intersection-Gamma Gaussian Inverse Wishart-Poisson multi-Bernoulli Mixture: An intelligent multiple extended target tracking scheme for mobile aquaculture sensor networks","authors":"Chunfeng Lv,&nbsp;Jianping Zhu,&nbsp;Zhiguang Peng","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12073","DOIUrl":"10.1049/wss2.12073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Poisson multi-Bernoulli Mixture (PMBM) filter has been known as an available or practical point and multiple extended target tracking (METT) method. The authors present an improved PMBM filter with adaptive detection probability and adaptive newborn distributions, accompanying with an associated distributed fusion strategy for the tracking extended multiple targets. First, the augmented state of unknown and changing target detection probability is assumed as Gamma (GAM) distribution. Second, extended states are described by Inverse Wishart (IW) distribution based on this augmented state, accompanying with dynamic states presented by Gaussian distribution. And then, an adaptive newborn distribution is adopted to describe the newborn targets appearing arbitrarily. Consequently, the closed-form solutions of the proposed filter can be derived by approximating the intensity of newborn and potential targets to the Gamma Gaussian Inverse Wishart (GGIW) form. Moreover, the fused means that Generalised Covariance Intersection (GCI) is performed in such a large-scale aquaculture sensor network. Experiments are presented to verify the availability of the GCI-GGIW-PMBM method, and comparisons with other METT filters also demonstrate that tracking behaviours are improved largely.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"14 1-2","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140348858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congestion control in constrained Internet of Things networks","authors":"Lotfi Mhamdi,&nbsp;Hussam Abdul Khalek","doi":"10.1049/wss2.12072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/wss2.12072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing technology that remotely connects multiple devices (ranging across many fields and applications) over the Internet. The scalability of an IoT network mandates a reliable transport infrastructure. Traditional transport control protocol (TCP) control protocol is unsuitable for such domain, mainly due to energy and power consumption reasons. A lighter version of TCP, light weight IP (lwIP) provides a promising solution for current and projected future scalable IoT infrastructures. However, the original lwIP is just a simple mapping of the protocol, without insight into the IoT specific requirements. This paper examines the lwIP congestion control mechanism and addresses its shortcomings. In particular, a detailed examination is devoted to the various metrics such as retransmission time-outs and its back-off epochs, the congestion window behaviour and progress in the absence (and presence) of congestion. In particular, we propose a set of novel algorithms to address both the IoT constraints nature (light-weight) as well as keeping up with scalability in IoT network size and performance. A detailed simulation study has been conducted to endorse the viability of our proposed set of algorithms for next-generation IoT networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":"13 6","pages":"247-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/wss2.12072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138634076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}