Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Pediatric myopic strabismus fixus: clinical features and surgical outcomes of silicone band loop myopexy.","authors":"Sakshi Lalwani, Virender Sachdeva, Ramesh Kekunnaya","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2306348","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2306348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the clinical profile of myopic strabismus fixus (MSF) in children and surgical outcomes of silicone band loop myopexy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed records of children presenting with MSF who underwent silicone band loop myopexy between January 2008 and December 2020 at a tertiary eye care center. Data concerning demographics, refractive error, axial length, extra-ocular motility, and ocular alignment pre-operatively and post-operatively, intra- and post-operative complications, ocular and systemic associations, were evaluated. The long-term effects of band loop myopexy on ocular alignment stability, motility improvement, and myopia progression were analyzed. Surgical outcome was defined as post-operative orthotropia or heterotropia less than or equal to 20 PD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of0 eyes of 7 patients (median age: 5 years; 5 boys and 2 girls) who underwent band loop myopexy were included in the study. Among them, three children underwent bilateral and four children underwent unilateral band loop myopexy. Medial rectus recession was performed only in two patients as a part of initial procedure. The median follow-up duration was 7 years. Most of the children, i.e. six of them presented with esotropia-hypotropia and only one patient presented with exotropia-hypotropia complex. The median pre-operative measurements were esotropia of 62.5 PD, hypotropia of5 PD, and exotropia of4 PD. Postoperative average primary position deviation measured was close to 9-10 PD of esotropia. The overall motility improved to -1 from -3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical profile of MSF in children is almost similar to adults. This condition is a rare entity among adults as well as children. Majority of children with MSF presented with esotropia-hypotropia complex. Silicone band loop myopexy with or without medial rectus recession proves to be a reliable surgical procedure as it provides stable outcomes in terms of ocular alignment and motility among children.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special clinical features with a novel mutation site of CHN1 gene in a Chinese family with Duane retraction syndrome.","authors":"Minshu Wang, Jing Liu, Honglei Pang, Juan Bu","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2299470","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2299470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study is to describe the special clinical and genotypic features of a Chinese family with variant types of Duane retraction syndrome and to present our experience on managing these cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four individuals from one family were reviewed by ophthalmologic examinations, in which two affected and two unaffected individuals were revealed. MRI scans were performed on the two patients. Relevant gene mutations were screened by the next-generation sequencing technology and confirmed by Sanger sequencing technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The six-year-old proband presented with special clinical features of severe horizontal gaze dysfunction, exotropia and mild scoliosis. His mother showed significantly limited binocular abductions, with retraction of eyeballs in adduction. From MRI scans, abducens nerves were not observed in both patients and the oculomotor nerve was slightly thin in the proband. The proband and his mother shared the same CHN1 gene mutation site (c. 62A>G; p.Y21C). Strabismus surgery was performed on the proband to correct the primary gaze exotropia.(NM_001822: exon3 or NM_001025201: exon4: c. 62A>G; p.Y21C).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A novel CHN1 gene mutation was revealed from a Chinese family with Duane retraction syndrome. Remarkably, the proband and his mother presented different clinical features of ocular motility disorder. Strabismus correction surgery and amblyopia training helped to improve the appearance and visual function of the proband.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal tomography changes following major (6 mm) medial rectus muscle recession: a prospective cohort study using Pentacam®.","authors":"Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos, Christina Karakosta, Georgios Feretzakis, Maria Liaskou, Dimitra Kafetsouli, Anna Kokolaki, Konstantinos Droutsas, Dimitrios Papakonstantinou, Ilias Georgalas","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2311094","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2311094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in corneal astigmatism, axial anterior corneal curvature, as well as changes in the anterior chamber depth and central corneal thickness, 2 months following the unilateral recession of medial rectus muscle in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three children with esotropia were prospectively evaluated following unilateral medial rectus muscle recession, using Pentacam®. Comparisons were made between the operated and fellow unoperated eyes, pre, and postoperatively. The assessment was made for changes in the radius of axial curvature on major meridians at 3 and 3.5 mm from the optical corneal center in the mid-peripheral zone. Astigmatism changes of the anterior and posterior corneal surface were calculated using vector analysis software (astigMATIC®). ANOVA model was used to examine the interaction between age or central corneal thickness and postoperative changes in anterior and posterior surface corneal astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the intervention group, changes in anterior and posterior corneal surface astigmatism were statistically significant, with a mean increase of 0.59Dx92 and 0.08Dx91, respectively. In the mid-peripheral corneal zone, there is an increase in the radius of anterior corneal axial curvature more evident nasally 3.5 mm from the corneal center on the horizontal meridian, with corresponding decrease superiorly and inferiorly at 3 and 3.5 mm from the corneal center on the vertical meridian.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The changes in total astigmatism of the operated eyes are mainly attributed to the anterior corneal surface. These changes are associated with flattening in the 180 meridian of the cornea, leading to a shift to \"with-the-rule\" astigmatism.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anisometropia and its associated factors in school-age children.","authors":"Hassan Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, Carla Lança, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Akbar Fotouhi","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2293883","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2293883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the prevalence of anisometropia and the associated demographic and biometric risk factors in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on the elementary school children of Shahroud, east of Iran, in 2015. All rural students were recruited, while multistage cluster sampling was used to select the students in urban areas. All children underwent optometric examinations including the measurement of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, autorefraction, and subjective refraction with cycloplegia. Biometric components were measured using the Allegro Biograph. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent ≤-0.5 and ≥ +2.00 diopter, respectively. Students with a history of ocular trauma or lack of cycloplegic refraction at least in one eye were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 6624 selected children, 5620 participated in the study. After applying the exclusion criteria, the data of 5357 students (boys: 52.8%, <i>n</i> = 2834) were analyzed. The mean age of the subjects was 9.2 ± 1.7 years (range: 6-12 years). The prevalence of anisometropia ≥ 1 D was 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8 to 1.4) in all children, 1.0% (95% CI: 0.7-1.3) in boys, 1.3% (95% CI: 0.8-1.7) in girls, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8-1.4) in urban children, and 1.4% (95% CI: 0.5-2.3) in rural children. The prevalence of anisometropia was 8.8% (95% CI: 5.3-12.2) in myopic and 5.7% (95% CI: 2.8-8.5) in hyperopic children. Axial length asymmetry (OR = 40.9; 95%CI: 10.2-164.1), myopia (OR = 17.9; 95% CI: 9.4-33.9), and hyperopia (OR = 10.1; 95% CI: (5.1-19.7) were associated with anisometropia in multiple logistic regression model. More anisometropia was associated with more severe amblyopia. The odds of amblyopia (OR = 82.3: 38.2-177-3) and strabismus (OR = 17.6: 5.5-56.4) were significantly higher in anisometropic children. The prevalence of amblyopia was 21.7% in children with myopic anisometropia ≥ 3D, 66.7% in children with hyperopic anisometropia ≥ 3D, and 100% in cases with antimetropia ≥ 3D.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of anisometropia was low in Iranian school children. However, a high percentage of anisometropic students had amblyopia and strabismus. Axial length was the most important biometric component associated with anisometropia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings of high myopic strabismus with sagging eye-like symptoms, heavy eye syndrome, and non-highly myopic eyes with sagging eye syndrome.","authors":"Koichiro Tamura, Kenichi Kimoto, Toshiaki Kubota","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2314036","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2314036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Progressive esotropia accompanied by restricted abduction and supraduction due to high myopia is known as esotropia fixus with high myopia or heavy eye syndrome (HES). Some conditions, such as sagging eye syndrome (SES), show esotropia for distance or cyclovertical strabismus with no abduction limitations despite highly myopic eyes. We evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical features of HES, high myopia with SES-like symptoms (highly myopic SES), and SES.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed all patients diagnosed with HES, highly myopic SES, and SES who underwent MRI of the orbits and brain over 6 years. To quantitatively assess the orbital anatomy, we compared the conditions of the superior rectus muscle (SR), lateral rectus muscle (LR), and inferior rectus muscle (IR) using orbital MRI among the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 14 patients (27 eyes) with high myopia, 5 (9 eyes) had HES, and 9 (18 eyes) had highly myopic SES. Eleven patients (22 eyes) with SES were also compared with these 14 patients. The mean axial length was 29.6 ± 1.0 mm in participants with HES, 29.0 ± 1.5 mm in those with HES-SES, and 23.7 ± 0.9 mm in those with SES. The average distance esotropia was 48.0 ± 19.9Δprism, 4.6 ± 1.5Δprism, and 6.1 ± 4.6Δprism for participants with HES, highly myopic SES and SES, respectively. The average distance hypertropia was 5.3 ± 5.9Δprism in participants with highly myopic SES and 4.8 ± 2.7Δprism in those with SES. The mean vertical angle of the LR was 32.6 ± 10.8°, 18.1 ± 5.4°, and 14.6 ± 6.8°; the mean tilting angle of the LR was 31.6 ± 9.2°, 15.9 ± 6.0°, and 13.8 ± 5.9°; and the mean displacement angle between the LR and SR was 152.3 ± 16.7°, 125.0 ± 7.1°, and 112.5 ± 7.5° for participants with HES, highly myopic SES and SES, respectively. The LR-SR displacement angle in HES-SES was significantly larger than in SES (<i>p</i> < .001) but the vertical and tilting angles were not. Also, the IR shift showed no significant difference with HES-SES and HES (5.8 ± 1.4 mm and 5.3 ± 1.2 mm) but not with SES (4.0 ± 0.8 mm) (<i>p</i> < .0001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>SES-like symptoms can develop in highly myopic eyes; however, MRI showed that the state of the LR muscle in highly myopic SES deviated almost similarly to that in SES; however, the eyeball was more dislocated than in SES. This may be useful in deciding the appropriate operative procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and patterns in pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus surgeries: a decade review from a leading Portuguese university hospital.","authors":"Paulo Freitas-da-Costa, Fernando Falcão-Reis, Augusto Magalhães","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2317221","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2024.2317221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Strabismus and Pediatrics Ophthalmology surgeries are pivotal in addressing early-onset visual disorders. An 11-year retrospective study at a tertiary hospital center aimed to elucidate evolving surgical trends, focusing on esotropia cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The surgical records from January 2009 to January 2020 were analyzed according to the baseline diagnosis. Esotropia cases were evaluated based on the patients' deviation types, surgical techniques, and pre-operative characteristics. A total of 2050 surgeries were performed over the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strabismus surgery accounts for 70% of the department's surgical activity. A trend toward a decrease in esotropia surgeries and a proportional increase in exotropia surgeries was noticeable. Esotropia cases, with a median surgical age of 6 years (p25-p75, 4-10) and uniform gender distribution (females, 54.8%), predominantly involved high angular deviations. Posterior fixation sutures emerged as the preferred surgical technique for esotropia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study's insights, while aligning with prior European research, introduce new dimensions to the understanding of strabismus surgeries, emphasizing the significance of early interventions, evolving surgical preferences, and the challenges posed by severe deviations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of studies of sudden-onset ocular neurogenic palsy associated with COVID-19.","authors":"Mehmet Serhat Mangan","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2277313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2023.2277313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":"32 1","pages":"63-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of childhood intermittent exotropia with and without DVD.","authors":"Andrea M Kramer, Lindsay D Klaehn, David O Hodge, Brian G Mohney","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2286379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2023.2286379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose</i>: Although dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is reported to occur rarely in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT), little is known regarding the clinical features of these children. The purpose of this study was to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with intermittent exotropia and DVD to those without DVD. <i>Methods</i>: The medical records of all children diagnosed with intermittent exotropia at our institution from 1 January 2002, through 31 December 2018, who had 2 or more exams with 3 or more assessments of control, were retrospectively reviewed. Exotropic children with DVD were compared to those without DVD. <i>Results</i>: During the 17-year study period, 115 children met the inclusion criteria, of which 25 (21.7%) had DVD. Compared to the 90 exotropic children without DVD, children with IXT and DVD were more likely to have a motility disorder (<i>p</i> = .021), a worse mean distance control score (2.8 vs 2.4; <i>p</i> = .09), a larger mean angle of deviation (27.8 prism diopters [PD] vs 25.1 PD; <i>p</i> = .04), and a lower median stereopsis (200 secs vs 100 secs; <i>p</i> = .08). The children with DVD were more likely to have undergone surgery (<i>p</i> = .17) although there was no difference in the mean age at initial surgery between the two groups. <i>Conclusions</i>: The presence of dissociated vertical deviation in children with intermittent exotropia is associated with more motility disorders and worse binocular function compared to those without DVD. These children will likely require closer observation and earlier intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular repercussions in COVID-19 patients: structural changes of the retina and choroid.","authors":"Ilda Maria Poças, Pedro Lino, Carina Silva, Paula Mendonça, João Paulo Cunha, Olga Barroqueiro, Francisca Carvalho, Inês Nicho, Mariana Castelhano, Patrícia Condado, Rita Carmo, Júlio Almeida, Isabel Prieto, Pedro Camacho","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2278639","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2278639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurotropic capabilities of SARS-COVs allow viruses to reach the central nervous system by hematogenous neuronal dissemination. The human retina, as an extension of the Central Nervous System, may have some neurodegenerative and/or vascular modifications related to COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate choroidal and inner neural layers in participants previously recovered from COVID-19 compared to the control group using optical coherence tomography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With a cross-sectional approach, the sample (<i>n</i> = 96), constituted by patients who have recovered from COVID-19 (<i>n</i> = 56) and healthy participants control group (<i>n</i> = 40) were ophthalmologically characterized. The neurodegenerative and vascular histological assessment was performed using SD-OCT and the mean thickness was measured in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields. Retinal nerve fiber layer, Ganglion cell layer and subfoveal choroidal thickness were obtained through semi-automatic measurement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 controls (27 women [67.5%]) and 56 COVID-19 participants (34 women [60.8%]) were included in this first report. There were retinal thickness significant differences in nearly all inner ETDRS subfields: nasal 3 mm (<i>p</i> = .025), I3 (<i>p</i> = .049), and temporal 3 mm (<i>p</i> = .009). Also, a decrease in neural layers was found in the nasal 3 mm (<i>p</i> = .049) and temporal 3 mm (<i>p</i> = .029) during ganglion cell layer assessment. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was thinner in the COVID-19 group in superior temporal (<i>p</i> = .019), nasal (<i>p</i> = .002), inferior temporal (<i>p</i> = .046) and global (<i>p</i> = .014). Concerning the subfoveal choroidal measurement, an increase was observed in the COVID-19 group (<i>p</i> = .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants who had recovered from COVID-19 showed a non-glaucomatous neuropathy trend pattern. We found differences closer to the classic description of the \"bow-tie\" observed in other neurological as compressive neuropathies at the chiasma location. OCT assessment also showed an increase in choroidal thickness as a result of vascular changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there value in measuring near visual acuity during occlusion therapy for amblyopia?","authors":"Mahira Y Daly, Charlotte J Codina, Gemma E Arblaster","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2271088","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273972.2023.2271088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>: The purpose of this study was to investigate near and distance visual acuity (VA) prior to, during and on completion of occlusion therapy for amblyopia. <i>Method</i>: Fifty-four patients aged 4-7 years (mean 4.9; ±0.44) with untreated strabismic, anisometropic or mixed amblyopia were recruited to the study following refractive adaptation where applicable. All patients underwent conventional occlusion (patching). Uniocular near and distance VA was tested using age and ability appropriate Crowded LogMAR VA tests prior to, during and upon conclusion of occlusion therapy. <i>Results</i>: In amblyopic eyes, there was no significant difference between near and distance VA prior to occlusion therapy with LogMAR Crowded (<i>p</i> = .66; mean distance VA at 3 m = 0.6 LogMAR; mean near VA at 40 cm = 0.58 LogMAR), or with LogMAR Crowded Kay Picture test (<i>p</i> = .78, mean distance VA at 3 m = 0.44 LogMAR; mean near VA at 33 cm = 0.46 LogMAR;). No significant difference was found between near and distance VA at any visit during occlusion therapy, or on completion of occlusion therapy with LogMAR Crowded (<i>p</i> = .86, mean final distance VA at 3 m = 0.266 LogMAR; mean final near VA at 40 cm = 0.25 LogMAR) or LogMAR Crowded Kay Pictures (<i>p</i> = .74, mean final distance VA at 3 m = 0.16 LogMAR; mean final near VA at 33 cm = 0.16 LogMAR). There was no significant difference in the VA of the fellow (non-amblyopic) eyes prior to and on completion of occlusion therapy with LogMAR Crowded at distance (3 m) or near (40 cm) (<i>p</i> = .05, <i>p</i> = .40 respectively); or with LogMAR Crowded Kay Pictures at distance (3 m) or near (33 cm) (<i>p</i> = .89, <i>p</i> = .35 respectively). <i>Discussion</i>: Improvement in VA of amblyopic eyes did not significantly differ between near and distance testing proximites at any point during the course of occlusion therapy for amblyopia in our study. These findings may aid clinicians with appropriate test selection and help with clinical time pressures. Where patient concentration does not allow for uniocular distance vision, uniocular near vision may be used to diagnose amblyopia, and vice versa. This could prevent delay in the treatment of amblyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"237-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}