Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients with cerebral palsy.","authors":"André Leite, Juliana Friedenberg, Nilce Tiemi Shiwaku Kamida, Monica Fialho Cronemberger","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2664184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2664184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose</i>: To evaluate the outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and identify factors influencing surgical success. <i>Methods</i>: A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic of Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente in São Paulo, Brazil, including patients with CP who underwent strabismus surgery between January 2016 and December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on their preoperative diagnosis of esotropia or exotropia. Surgical success was defined as a deviation ≤ 10 prism diopters (PD) at the final follow-up visit. Patients with <6 months of follow-up were excluded. <i>Results</i>: A total of 83 patients were included: 47 (56.6%) with exotropia and 36 (43.4%) with esotropia. The mean preoperative deviation was 50.5 ± 15.9 PD and 36.3 ± 14.0 PD in the exotropia and esotropia group, respectively (<i>p</i> < .001). Surgical success was achieved in 63.8% of the exotropia group and 47.2% of the esotropia group (<i>p</i> = .078). Exotropia cases exhibited more undercorrection (36.2% vs. 22.2%), whereas overcorrection was seen only in the esotropia group (30.6%). A longer postoperative follow-up (<i>p</i> = .006), younger age at surgery (<i>p</i> = .003), and larger preoperative deviation (<i>p</i> < .001) were associated with poorer surgical outcomes. <i>Conclusions</i>: Strabismus surgery in patients with CP demonstrates moderate success rates, with notable tendency toward postoperative drift, particularly toward divergence. Poorer outcomes were associated with younger age at surgery, larger preoperative deviations, and longer follow-up periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strabismus surgery outcomes in pediatric patients with developmental delay: a meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Edward Tran, Monali Malvankar-Mehta, Nirmit Shah, Sapna Sharan","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2637559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2637559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose</i>: Strabismus management in developmental-delayed children presents challenges, as outcomes are unpredictable due to factors such as limited neuroplasticity, poor central control, and subnormal binocular potential. This meta-analysis evaluates the outcomes of strabismus surgery in these children. <i>Methods</i>: Eligible studies published before 28 May 2023 were extracted from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsychINFO, and gray literature. A meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0. The comparator group were children without developmental delays who underwent strabismus surgery. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were computed based on heterogeneity. <i>Results</i>: Our meta-analysis included 31 articles, with a total of 3687 subjects. There was no significant difference in the surgical dose for children with developmental delays compared to children without developmental delays (SMD -0.06, 95% CI: [-0.36, 0.23]). Post-operatively, developmentally delayed children had a significant improvement in their angle of deviation (SMD 2.79, 95% CI: [2.50, 3.08]) and could achieve a post-operative angle of deviation similar to children without developmental delays (SMD -0.20, 95% CI: [-0.51, 0.11]). The median rate of undercorrection was similar between developmentally delayed and children without developmental delays, at 20.4% and 20.2%, respectively. For the median rate of overcorrection, developmentally delayed children had a higher rate of 12%, compared to 4.35% in children without developmental delays. For developmentally delayed children, the median incidence is 71.45% for needing one surgery, 23.9% for two surgeries, and 7.15% for three surgeries. <i>Conclusions</i>: Strabismus surgery in developmentally delayed children may have higher rates of overcorrection and may need more repeat operations but could achieve significant improvements in their ocular alignment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of conventional occlusion and occlusion combined with physical exercise in adults with amblyopia: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Padma Chorol, Vaishali Tomar, Subhash Dadeya, Mittali Khurana, Aarushi Saini, Shivani Kumari","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2664843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2664843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Amblyopia in adults has traditionally been regarded as difficult to treat because cortical plasticity declines substantially after critical period. Recent neurophysiological research suggests that aerobic exercise can transiently enhance neuroplasticity, thereby potentially improving the outcome of visual rehabilitation. The present study aimed to evaluate whether incorporating physical exercise with conventional occlusion therapy can augment visual recovery in adults with unilateral amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, randomized controlled trial included 60 adults aged 18-40 years diagnosed with unilateral amblyopia of strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed etiology. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Group A (<i>n</i> = 30) received occlusion therapy consisting of patching of fellow eye for six hours daily. Group B (<i>n</i> = 30) received the same occlusion regimen supplemented with supervised aerobic exercise using a stationary cycle. Exercise sessions were conducted three times weekly during initial four weeks, each lasting two hours and comprising alternating cycles of 15-minute pedaling followed by 15 minutes of rest. Distant and near best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were designated as primary outcomes, while stereoacuity was assessed as the secondary outcome. All measurements were repeated at baseline and at monthly intervals for four months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was comparable across groups (Group A: 22.60 ± 3.55 years; Group B: 22.63 ± 3.52 years; <i>p</i> = .94). Group B demonstrated a marked improvement in distant BCVA, from 0.92 ± 0.42 to 0.69 ± 0.34 logMAR (χ² = 101.1, <i>p</i> < .001), whereas Group A showed a smaller improvement from 0.84 ± 0.40 to 0.79 ± 0.41 logMAR (χ² = 26.4, <i>p</i> < .001). Near BCVA improved earlier and more substantially in Group B (<i>p</i> ≤ .03). Stereoacuity improved progressively in both groups, but longitudinal modeling revealed a significantly steeper improvement trajectory in Group B. 53% of Group B achieved measurable stereopsis compared with 27% of Group A. No adverse events occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While both interventions resulted in significant visual improvement, the addition of exercise to occlusion therapy was associated with greater treatment gains. This combined approach appears efficient and safe.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does refractive error type affect amblyopia recovery? Evidence from a sample of Moroccan children.","authors":"Mustapha Jaouhari, Chaimae El Harrak, Farida Bentayeb, Youssef El Merabet","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2658017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2658017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose:</i> To determine whether the type of refractive error influences visual acuity recovery in children with anisometropic amblyopia and to assess differences in treatment responsiveness across hyperopic, myopic, and astigmatic anisometropia. <i>Methods:</i> A prospective longitudinal interventional study was conducted on 54 children aged 3-9 years diagnosed with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia. Participants were classified into three groups based on refractive error: hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia (HAA, <i>n</i> = 17), myopic anisometropic amblyopia (MAA, <i>n</i> = 18), and astigmatic anisometropic amblyopia (AAA, <i>n</i> = 19). All children underwent refractive adaptation followed by a standardized occlusion schedule according to amblyopia severity. Visual acuity was assessed using logMAR charts at baseline and at Weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. One-way ANOVA was used to compare visual outcomes between groups overall and within severity subgroups (mild, moderate, severe). <i>Results:</i> All groups showed significant improvement in amblyopic-eye visual acuity over the 16-week period; however, the magnitude of recovery differed according to refractive error type. As early as Week 4, children with myopic anisometropic amblyopia showed significantly greater visual improvement compared with the hyperopic and astigmatic groups, with differences becoming highly significant by Week 8. Highly significant differences were observed across all severity levels (all <i>p</i> < .001). At Week 16, final mean visual acuity reached 0.30 ± 0.05 (HAA), 0.06 ± 0.04 (MAA), and 0.13 ± 0.09 logMAR (AAA), with strong statistical significance between groups (<i>p</i> < .0001). The MAA group showed the greatest overall improvement, followed by AAA and HAA. <i>Conclusion:</i> Refractive error type significantly influences visual outcomes in children with anisometropic amblyopia after 16 weeks of occlusion therapy. Myopic anisometropia is associated with better final visual acuity at the 16-week follow-up, whereas hyperopic anisometropia demonstrates comparatively poorer visual outcomes. These results suggest that refractive error type should be considered a key prognostic factor when individualizing amblyopia management strategie.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latency in the improvement course of fusional ability during orthoptic training for intermittent exotropia: a retrospective observational case series.","authors":"Hiroka Tanemoto, Mariko Kimura, Hisashi Kimura","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2655704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2655704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose</i>: To clarify the existence and characteristics of the latency period in the improvement course of fusional ability in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) treated with orthoptic training, and to contribute to clinical decision-making regarding the optimal timing for training termination. <i>Study design</i>: Retrospective observational case series. <i>Methods</i>: Fusional ability was assessed in 13 patients with IXT using the ratio of absolute fusional range divided by ocular deviation (FR/D ratio) and graphed to analyze the shape of the improvement course. The latency period was defined as the duration from the initiation of training to the apparent attainment of training effect. The improvement course of the group accompanied by a latency period (latency group) was compared with the group unaccompanied by a latency period (non-latency group). The main outcome was defined as the progression of the FR/D ratio reaching 3.0, per Japanese standards relative to Sheard's criterion (see Methods). <i>Results</i>: FR/D ratio reached 3.0 in 12 out of 13 cases. The improvement course of the fusional ability represented three periods: latency, progression and sustained. The latency period included 61.5% of patients with a maximum duration of 9 weeks. <i>Conclusions</i>: The existence of the latency period in the improvement course of fusional ability was determined; that period can be considered as the period of learning and acquiring the necessary skills of performing the assignments throughout the training. Therefore, even if no improvement is evident at the early stages of training, it is advisable to continue the training for at least 9 weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated fourth cranial nerve palsy in a patient treated with pembrolizumab: a case report.","authors":"Matteo Baldi, Sofia Pischedda, Maria Musolino, Michele Iester, Aldo Vagge","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2637566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2637566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>: Pembrolizumab is widely used in melanoma treatment and may rarely be associated with neuro-ophthalmic immune-related adverse events. Isolated ocular motor nerve palsies are exceptional. <i>Methods</i>: We report a 76-year-old man who presented with sudden vertical binocular diplopia six weeks after starting adjuvant pembrolizumab following resection of cutaneous melanoma. A comprehensive neurological, ophthalmological, laboratory, and neuroimaging assessment was performed. <i>Results</i>: Ocular motility examination revealed an isolated right superior oblique palsy. Brain and orbital MRI showed no abnormalities. Serum creatine kinase was elevated, without clinical evidence of myocarditis or generalized myopathy. After discontinuation of pembrolizumab and initiation of low-dose corticosteroids, diplopia progressively resolved and creatine kinase levels normalized. <i>Discussion</i>: This case describes a rare isolated fourth cranial nerve palsy temporally associated with pembrolizumab, highlighting the importance of considering uncommon neuro-ophthalmic presentations during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ocular surface changes after medial rectus resection versus plication.","authors":"Paromita Dutta, Palash Patni, Sachin Verma, Parul Jain, Kartika Anand, Sonam Singh, Namita Kedia, And Yashita Rao","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2655709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2655709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To measure the surface change, after medial rectus (MR) resection or plication, with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT), and to evaluate associated changes in ocular surface parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, interventional study was conducted on 126 patients with primary exotropia with deviation between 35 and 55 PD. Patients underwent lateral rectus recession, with either MR resection (<i>n</i> = 63) or plication (<i>n</i> = 63). Conjunctival-scleral thickness (CST) was measured with ASOCT at 4 mm and 5.5 mm from the scleral spur (corresponding to the location of MR insertion and tendon, respectively). Tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland morphology (by infrared meibography) were evaluated. The OSDI questionnaire (Ocular Surface Disease Index) was administered. All parameters were evaluated preoperatively and 1, 2, 4 and 6 months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While both procedures increased tissue thickness at the surgical site, the magnitude of difference between plication and resection was minimal. At 6 months, the absolute difference in CST at the muscle insertion was only 0.04 +/- 0.03 mm, a margin that is not clinically significant. Tear film markers (TMH and NIBUT) showed small, transient shifts that approached the limits of measurement variability. Subjective OSDI scores peaked at 1 month in both groups - consistent with mild postoperative discomfort - but returned to or improved beyond baseline by 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both MR resection and plication cause short-lived ocular surface changes after surgery. Although plication results in a statistically thicker tissue profile, the effect size is too small to impact tear film stability or patient comfort, suggesting that concerns regarding ocular surface irregularity should not preclude the use of plication surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimedial rectus plication in Residual exotropia.","authors":"Nithya Raghunandan, Adhiti Todime, Neha Satish Saswade, Bhanumathi Madhavrao, Arun Bhatti","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2651266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2651266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction</i>: Residual exotropia refers to a constant outward deviation of eye noted after strabismus surgery for exotropia once postoperative healing is complete (≥6-8 weeks). Management of residual exodeviation necessitates careful evaluation and meticulous surgical planning to achieve optimal outcomes. <i>Methods</i>: A 28-year-old male presented with a 40 prism-diopter residual left exotropia associated with poor convergence. He had a history of childhood strabismus surgery in the left eye; however, the operative records were not available. Preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was used to aid surgical planning. Bimedial rectus plication was performed. <i>Results</i>: An early desirable postoperative outcome of 2-4 prism-diopters of esophoria was achieved. At three-month follow-up, ocular alignment remained stable with no diplopia, and convergence showed significant improvement. <i>Discussion</i>: Although resection has traditionally been the preferred extraocular muscle strengthening procedure, it necessitates irreversible removal of muscle tendon. Medial rectus plication offers a vessel-sparing, reversible alternative that can enhance adduction and convergence while preserving ocular perfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary application of virtual reality technology in binocular vision recovery of children with intermittent exotropia after surgery.","authors":"Wenquan Tang, Bin He, Yulin Luo","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2638475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2638475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose</i>: To investigate the clinical effects ofvirtual reality (VR) technology in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) after surgery and analyze the factorsinfluencing binocular vision recovery. <i>Methods</i>: In this retrospective study, 142 childrenwith IXT were divided into two groups according to whether they underwent VR training or conventional training after surgery. Controlgroup: 66 cases underwent conventional training (lens sequencing training, flipper training, polarized stereogram, andcheiroscope training). VR group: 76 patients underwent regular VR visualtraining. We evaluated preoperative and postoperative binocular vision (simultaneousperception, fusion, and stereopsis) and compared the binocular vision recoveryrates between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyzethe factors influencing recovery of distance stereopsis. <i>Result</i>: Among the 142 children with IXT, we could not detect any significant differences in the simultaneous perceptionand near stereopsis recovery rates between the two groups preoperativelyand postoperatively. The fusion recovery rate in the VR group (85.5%) washigher than that in the control group (69.7%) (χ² = 5.187; <i>P</i>  < 0.05). The distance stereopsis recovery rate in the VR group (65.2%) was higherthan that in the control group (40.9%) (χ² = 7.786; <i>P</i>  < 0.05). The simultaneous perception, fusion, and stereopsis recovery rates at 3 and 6 monthspostoperatively were greater than those preoperatively in both the groups. Logisticregression analysis showed that age at onset (odds ratio(OR)=1.826, <i>p</i> < .05), age at surgery (OR = 0.840, <i>p</i> < .05), preoperation deviation (OR = 1.067, <i>p</i> < .05) and 6 months postoperation deviation (OR = 0.750, <i>p</i> < .05) were riskfactors that affected distance stereopsis recovery in children with IXT. <i>Conclusion</i>: VR technology can be used as a new trainingtool to promote simultaneous perception, fusion, and stereopsis recovery in IXTafter surgery. The age at onset and deviation at 6 months postoperatively wererisk factors that affected the recovery of distant stereopsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical outcomes of patients with acute acquired comitant non-accommodative esotropia (AACE) with and without pre-operative prism adaptation test (PAT).","authors":"Jenil Sheth, Sakshi Lalwani, Ajinkya Deshmukh, Ramesh Kekunnaya","doi":"10.1080/09273972.2026.2639589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2026.2639589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the surgicaloutcomes of patients with acute acquired comitant non-accommodative esotropia(AACE) with and without pre-operative prism adaptation test (PAT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The records of patientsdiagnosed with AACE who underwent strabismus surgery between January 2018 andDecember 2020 were reviewed. Those who had pre-operative PAT performed by asingle surgeon and those who had surgery without PAT by another single surgeonwere included in the analysis. The surgical outcomes were compared between thetwo groups, and postoperative alignment within 8 PD was considered a surgicalsuccess.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six patients were included in the study; 15 underwent a 30-minute PATpre-operatively. The mean age in the PAT and non-PAT groups was 16.6 ± 7.7 years and 12.3 ± 5.8 years, respectively, and was comparable (<i>p</i> = .06). The meanpre-operative esotropia (40 ± 8.5PD vs 40 ± 15.6, <i>p</i> = .7) and medial rectusrecession (5.31 ± 0.8 mm vs 5.45 ± 0.7 mm, <i>p</i> = .6) were similar in both groups (<i>p</i> < .05). The median postoperative follow-up duration was 8 months (IQR:9.75 months). Five of 15 (33%) were prism responders (angle of deviationincreased by 10 PD). The median change in esotropia at presentation andpost-PAT was 4.5 PD (IQR: 12.5 PD). Overall surgical success was similarbetween the groups (80% vs 81%; <i>p</i> = .9). Only one patient in the non-PAT groupexperienced postoperative diplopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surgical outcomes werecomparable, irrespective of the prism adaptation test. The prism adaptationtest did not reveal consistently higher target angles; hence, for comparabledeviation, the medial rectus recession and surgical outcomes did not differ, irrespective of whether PAT was performed pre-operatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":51700,"journal":{"name":"Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}