Frontiers of Architectural Research最新文献

{"title":"Landscape transparency: An approach to elucidating and harmonizing contradictions in contemporary landscape design","authors":"Xiang Zhou,&nbsp;Xinyu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of “transparency” has evolved from a spatial aesthetic to a spatial property that describes the underlying organization of things and derives its “contradiction” from the combination of “orderliness” and “polysemy”. This contradiction arises from the unity of opposites between synchrony and diachrony in modernity—where the rational logic of synchrony pursues “orderliness”, while the concept of mobility in diachrony is oriented towards “polysemy”. The path to linguistic transparency can be summarized in three dimensions: distortion of morpheme, recomposition of phraseme, and double-entendre of semanteme. Due to the shared symbolic meaning between language and graphics, the framework of graphic language can be employed to analyze the evolution and variation of transparency's essential feature across painting, architecture, and landscape. Landscape transparency shares commonalities with painting and architecture regarding morphemes, phraseme, and semanteme; however, as landscape expands in scope, its transparent representations exhibit gradual synthesis and complexity. The synthesis and complexity can be decomposed into three unique endogenous contradictions within landscapes: “dynamic growth”, “multiscale nesting”, and “spatio-temporal overlapping”. These characteristics have led to the expanded expression of landscape transparency that differs from painting and architecture on three levels: morpheme usage, phraseme construction, and semanteme interpretation. Consequently, this breakthrough transcends geometric two-dimensional compositions and three-dimensional spatial organizations, enabling future-oriented landscape design to embrace pluralism and inter-adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 510-524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing image recognition characteristics in landscape architecture: A study using eye tracking with a focus on educational perspectives","authors":"Eujin Julia Kim ,&nbsp;Youngeun Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the educational importance of visual communication skills in spatial design education, the patterns and characteristics of students' image recognition, as well as the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors, remain unknown. This study employs objective measurement through eye-tracking to investigate students' image recognition patterns in response to a range of spatial problems, including those specific to landscape architecture based on designers' plans and perspectives, as well as their overall learning capacity. The research compares eye movements as Landscape Architecture students explore different learning materials, considering spatial scale, dimensions, and degree of detail. Additionally, influential factors such as problem difficulty and students' ability levels are examined. Results reveal that students experience significantly less visual attention pressure in Landscape Architecture-specific Spatial Ability tests, suggesting that those at a rudimentary level easily access and accept spatial learning materials in this domain due to visual coherency and real-world spatial familiarity. Furthermore, spatial scale emerges as a significant factor affecting recognition patterns, indicating higher levels of visual attention required for large-scale spatial design drawings. The findings suggest that neurophysiological data, such as eye-tracking, is effective in understanding students' challenges and mental pressures in learning visual communication skills in Landscape Architecture education. This study's insights may assist Landscape Architecture educators in developing design studio projects and assignments that align with students' cognitive characteristics in image recognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 797-811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative AI models for different steps in architectural design: A literature review","authors":"Chengyuan Li ,&nbsp;Tianyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xusheng Du ,&nbsp;Ye Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoran Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been significantly driven by models such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), variational autoencoders (VAEs), and denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs). Although architects recognize the potential of generative AI in design, personal barriers often restrict their access to the latest technological developments, thereby causing the application of generative AI in architectural design to lag behind. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the principles and advancements of generative AI models and analyze their relevance in architecture applications. This paper first provides an overview of generative AI technologies, with a focus on probabilistic diffusion models (DDPMs), 3D generative models, and foundation models, highlighting their recent developments and main application scenarios. Then, the paper explains how the abovementioned models could be utilized in architecture. We subdivide the architectural design process into six steps and review related research projects in each step from 2020 to the present. Lastly, this paper discusses potential future directions for applying generative AI in the architectural design steps. This research can help architects quickly understand the development and latest progress of generative AI and contribute to the further development of intelligent architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 759-783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation study of non-traveling pedestrian traffic in high-speed railway station areas: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta","authors":"Chenyang Zhang,&nbsp;Beixiang Shi,&nbsp;Junyan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-Traveling Pedestrian Traffic (NTPT) plays a pivotal role in promoting business development and resident activities within High-Speed Railway Station Areas (HSRSA). However, extracting NTPT from the substantial human flow in HSRSA is technically challenging, leading to an insufficient previous discourse on the subject. In this study, we developed a simulation model for NTPT based on spatial and functional data, complemented by an evaluation framework incorporating indicators such as completeness, hierarchy, and centrality. The feasibility of this model is heightened by its reduced reliance on the collection and processing of massive pedestrian flow data. Using the Yangtze River Delta in China as a case study, the model simulation results show that limitations in NTPT development in the HSRSAs primarily stem from the lack of links between nodes and deficiencies in guiding and reinforcing these links, in addition to the fact that high-speed rail passengers exert a pronounced negative impact on NTPT. This study illustrates that NTPT is a consequence of the comprehensive interplay of spatial planning, functional development, and management policies in HSRSA. The analytical framework developed in this study contributes to elucidating the multifactorial mechanisms influencing NTPT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 714-725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing sustainable practices in architecture: A data-driven analysis of LEED certification adoption and impact in top firms from 2000 to 2023","authors":"Jingyi Xu ,&nbsp;Minghui Cheng ,&nbsp;Anchen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid increasing global environmental concerns, the architectural industry is under increasing pressure to implement sustainable practices. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification has become a crucial benchmark for assessing green building practices. This study investigates the adoption and impact of LEED-certified projects within leading architectural firms from 2000 to 2023, utilizing a novel data mining framework to scan extensive datasets on LEED projects and firm operations. We introduce two key metrics: the Weighted LEED Achieved Score (WLAS) and the Green Impact Ratio (GIR), which evaluate the sustainability efforts of firms in relation to their market size and project scale. These metrics yield insights into how firms incorporate sustainability into their business and the environmental outcomes of their projects. Our research uncovers significant trends in LEED standard adoption, illustrating a strengthening commitment to sustainable buildings. The analysis underscores the strategic importance of these practices for securing a competitive edge and aligning with global sustainability objectives. This paper contributes to the sustainable architecture discourse by providing fresh insights into the integration and effectiveness of LEED certification among top firms and offering a comprehensive framework for evaluating the environmental and economic aspects of sustainability in architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 784-796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphogenic processes of adaptability and interconnectedness between urban interventions and informal settlements","authors":"Carlos Augusto Martínez Muñoz,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Maroto Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contemporary intervention strategies in Latin America have been mainly based on adaptability and informal interconnection processes based on observing morphogenic evolution in informal settlements. These behaviours were first explored by John F.C. Turner in Peru in the 1960s and Jorge Mario Jáuregui since the 2000s, subsequently used as necessary project tools in planning informal contexts. However, empirical evidence reveals that both processes have been approached individually in the interventions, showing a disconnection in the scale produced and in their complementarity of action. The objective of the study is to identify factors that originate the connection and disconnection of the processes of adaptability and interconnection between the intervention and the informal settlement, establishing a hypothesis that the disconnection produced between both processes reduces the effectiveness of the intervention to the detriment of the informal settlement. As a method, variables involved in these processes are analysed in representative models from the United States, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa from a formal (state and private programs) and informal (evolutionary phases) perspective. As a result, the research provides new insights into the insertion of adaptability and interconnectedness processes endowed with greater effectiveness in interventions on informal settlements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 726-738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender disparities in perceived visibility and crime anxiety in piloti parking spaces of multifamily housing: A virtual reality study","authors":"So Yeon Park ,&nbsp;Gisung Han ,&nbsp;Jee Heon Rhee ,&nbsp;Kyung Hoon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the influence of gender differences on perceived visibility and crime anxiety within the architectural context of multifamily residential areas, utilizing virtual reality to simulate environments in street spaces and piloti parking areas. By exploring gender-specific responses to architectural design elements, this study aimed to provide a nuanced understanding of how visibility and environmental design have different effects on safety perceptions for men and women. The findings revealed that men preferred unobstructed views to enhance their sense of security, while women prioritized minimizing blind spots within their immediate vicinity, viewing transparent fences as spatial delineators as enhancing the sense of a controlled and secure space rather than as visual barriers. This study further demonstrates that perceived visibility significantly mitigates fear of crime across genders, yet emphasizes that interventions to increase visibility must be gender-sensitive to avoid counterproductive effects. This study highlights the need for urban planning and design strategies that accommodate gender differences in safety perceptions, suggesting a move toward more inclusive and gender-responsive urban environments. The limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed to enhance our understanding of the complex relationship between urban design, visibility, and safety perceptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 471-486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive improvement of energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality for university library atrium—A multi-objective fast optimization framework","authors":"Shen Xu ,&nbsp;Yongzhong Chen ,&nbsp;Jianlin Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Kang ,&nbsp;JinFeng Gao ,&nbsp;Yuchen Qin ,&nbsp;Wenjun Tan ,&nbsp;Gaomei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-carbon, energy-saving, and health have become a common trend for the whole of mankind. However, how to balance the relationship between energy-saving and healthy indoor environment is a key issue for sustainable building development. This paper extracted the prototypical form of university library atrium based on 44 library cases in Wuhan. A methodology verified with measured data for evaluating building performance was constructed, and the synergistic influence of spatial morphology parameters on the building energy efficiency (BEE) and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) was analyzed. Finally, a multi-objective fast optimization framework coupled with machine learning algorithms was used to achieve the optimal design of university library atrium. The results showed that the parameters that influence the building energy consumption, indoor thermal comfort, daylighting performance most were the height-to-width ratio, the skylight solar heat gain coefficient, and the sidewall window-to-wall ratio, respectively. The machine learning models predicted performance 400 times faster than traditional performance simulations. And compared with the worst-performance scheme, the maximum optimization rate of building energy consumption, indoor thermal comfort, daylighting performance was 29.46%, 10.46%, and 65.56%, respectively. The multi-objective fast optimization framework could provide guidance for policy makers and architects to performance-based design in the early design stages of university library atrium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 449-470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a transformation in urban commuting analysis with high-precision mobile phone signaling data: Identifying commuting characteristics based on individual scale","authors":"Yuhao Yang ,&nbsp;Mengze Fu ,&nbsp;Ruixi Dong ,&nbsp;Fan Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the widespread use of navigational satellites, the ubiquity of mobile phones, and the rapid advancement of mobile communication technologies, high-precision mobile phone signaling data (HMPSD) holds exceptional promise for discerning fine-grained characteristics of residents' travel behaviors, owing to its superior spatial and temporal resolution. This study focuses on identifying the most consistent commuting patterns of residents in the Qiaoxi District of Shijiazhuang, China, over the course of a month, using these patterns as the basis for transport mode identification. Leveraging the high-precise geographical coordinates of individuals' workplaces and homes, along with actual commuting durations derived from the high-frequency positioning of HMPSD, and comparing these with the predicted commuting durations for four transport modes from a navigational map, we have developed a novel approach for identifying individual transport modes, incorporating time matching, frequency ranking, and speed threshold assessments. This approach swiftly and effectively identifies the commuting modes for each resident—namely, driving, public transportation, walking, bicycling, and electric biking—along with their respective commuting distances and durations. Furthermore, to support urban planning and transportation management efforts, we aggregated individual commuting data—including flows, modes, distances, and durations—at a parcel level. This aggregation method effectively reveals favorable commuting characteristics within the central area of Qiaoxi District, highlights the commuting needs and irrational commuting conditions in peripheral parcels, and informs tailored strategies for adjusting planning layouts and optimizing facility configurations. This study facilitates an in-depth exploration of fine-grained travel patterns through integrated air-land transportation resources, providing new insights and methodologies for refined urban transportation planning and travel management through advanced data applications and identification methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 560-580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-scale built environment and pedestrian behavior: A focus on sidewalks in commercial districts in Tokyo","authors":"Yuhan Gao,&nbsp;Da Du,&nbsp;Nobuaki Furuya","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sidewalks play an indispensable role in creating walkable environments. In commercial districts, sidewalks increase connectivity and can enhance pedestrian volume, which promotes commerce. While past research has explored commercial factors affecting pedestrian behavior on sidewalks, few studies have explored the effects of architectural factors. This study centers on two sidewalks in commercial districts in Tokyo as a case study, seeking to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale built environment factors and pedestrian behavior. Nineteen factors are analyzed in relation to pedestrian volume and staying. Correlation analysis reveals that pedestrian volume and staying are significantly correlated with seven and six built environment factors, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression further reveals that pedestrian volume is positively correlated with passable width, <span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>, and movable greening, while being negatively correlated with flagship. Staying, conversely, is positively correlated with passable width, sky rate, and <span><math><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span>. Based on these identified relationships, a predictive model is established for pedestrian volumes in sidewalks in commercial districts. The findings of this study may provide workable insights for decision-makers aiming to establish walkable environments and encouraging pedestrian activity and may aid in developing detailed plans based on specific factors influencing pedestrian behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 416-428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}