{"title":"Mapping the approaches for investigating Makkah's architectural vocabularies and AI: A literature review","authors":"Wadia Ali Albarqawi , Saeed Ali Alburgawi","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Makkah has developed unique architectural vocabularies for centuries. The Roushan, Qalalib, Kharja, and Shwabir responded to topography, climate conditions, and socio-cultural aspects. However, demolishing heritage buildings to expand the Holy Mosque has led to the disappearance of many traditional architectural vocabularies. Then, the imposition of modern architectural elements by modernity increased a feeling of discontinuity with the past. In addition, globalization has branded Makkah as a city of skyscrapers and high-rise buildings. Megaprojects have emerged since Saudi Arabia announced its Vision 2030, necessitating creative architectural solutions.</p><p>Although the literature on the architecture of Makkah introduced varied approaches to developing traditional architectural vocabularies, the results were far from anticipated. Most studies assumed that traditional elements should shape the future of architecture in Makkah. The field of architecture suggests analyzing physical forms in reality, while the philosophical attempt proposes exploring them in virtuality. Reality and virtuality must be dynamic in space as methods for innovation; this space should be detached from architecture to challenge physical norms and separated from philosophy to promote practicality. This paper maps the literature to evaluate the approaches that examine the architecture of Makkah. It suggests a third space, outside architecture, and philosophy, utilizing AI to generate Makkah's architectural elements. The aim is to employ technology, i.e., AI, not to document but to generate architectural vocabulary based on rising potentials and differentiations, which are the bases of innovation, hence establishing continuity with the past to shape the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"12 6","pages":"Pages 1171-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209526352300078X/pdfft?md5=ccc8f0814ebcf32135b2024b80e790e0&pid=1-s2.0-S209526352300078X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135762029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The interactive process of cultural landscape: Taking the trails around Zhengqi Pavilion as an example","authors":"Mengyao Pan , Huayu Guo , Qi Zhou , Jiangtao Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cultural landscape is a social natural process under which people actively participate in thinking, feeling, and acting. On this basis, their connection with a certain part of the environment in turn affects people's perception of the world and the products of their actions. Trails is a representative and complex practice of integrating nature into society and transforming it into a mixed entity. However, the dynamic and diverse relationships of cultural landscapes represented by this interactive process have not been well interpreted in landscape research. The research first discusses the conceptualization and value theory of cultural landscape, and develops the methodology of cultural landscape interaction process research combining typology and Network theory. Taking the trails spontaneously formed around the Zhengqi Pavilion of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing as an example, this paper discusses the interaction process of trails as a cultural landscape. Based on the analysis results, we obtained the dynamic characteristics of cultural landscapes by treating trails as a network, while obtaining the value expression created by typology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"12 6","pages":"Pages 1195-1211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263523000614/pdfft?md5=19f55152b0eedab336884a65b542de54&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263523000614-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44365267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From blocks to cities: Morphology structure rooted in 3D patterns and forming clusters at the block level","authors":"Bing Qu , Jie Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article proposes a 35D form index system to quantitatively describe the 3D form of urban blocks. Utilizing the T-distributed stochastic neighbor (TSNE) embedding algorithm for cluster analysis, the visually complex and disordered urban 3D texture is translated into distinct form clusters, enabling the recognition of the overall urban form structure from the block perspective. The research methodology includes experiments conducted in the central area of Nanjing and comparative analysis in three neighboring cities: Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Suzhou. Results demonstrate the efficacy of form parameters and cluster analysis in achieving sound recognition. The four cities differ remarkably in the number and distribution structure of clusters. Shanghai has the fewest types of clusters with a compact distribution, Suzhou has the most types with a dispersed distribution, and Hangzhou and Nanjing exhibit similar characteristics, located between Shanghai and Suzhou. Correlation analysis reveals a negative relationship between the number of cluster types and the level of urban socioeconomic development in similar areas. This research implies that governments and urban planners can exploit neighborhood morphological types to devise customized spatial management and renewal strategies. The overall urban structure can be improved by strategically minimizing the quantity and distribution of neighborhood morphological types, fostering socioeconomic development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"12 6","pages":"Pages 1127-1143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263523000663/pdfft?md5=43852a09b1dd2011d5c235e13e1af1e9&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263523000663-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raziyeh Rezadoost Dezfuli , Mohammad Mehrakizadeh , Behnaz Safar Ali Najar , Hassan Bazazzadeh , Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad
{"title":"Geometric investigation of entrance proportions of houses from the Qajar to the beginning of the early Pahlavi in Dezful City (1789–1979)","authors":"Raziyeh Rezadoost Dezfuli , Mohammad Mehrakizadeh , Behnaz Safar Ali Najar , Hassan Bazazzadeh , Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the importance of the historical context of Dezful City, investigating historic buildings is necessary. But unfortunately, a large part of it is being destroyed. For this reason, it is essential to discover the guidelines and logic behind the architectural design of these buildings to help their reconstruction or restoration. Regrettably, there is no logical information about the components of this context and the reconstructions are usually done according to taste and based on architecture tested or personal preference. Therefore, it is necessary to find a logic behind these critical components that support the whole plan or parts of it in a particular style. The purpose of this research is to discover and find the logic behind the design of this building in the historical context of Dezful. Finding geometrical proportions can significantly help to reconstruct buildings better and more accurately. For this purpose, 30 historical houses of Dezful were randomly selected, and their input information was drawn in 2D form in AutoCAD. Then, the length, width, and height proportions were measured, and the obtained ratios were compared with the golden proportions and dynamic rectangles. This paper studies entrance based on ratios of <span><math><mrow><msqrt><mn>2</mn></msqrt></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msqrt><mn>4</mn></msqrt></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msqrt><mn>1.25</mn></msqrt></mrow></math></span> and <em>φ</em> (the golden section). The results show that golden proportions and proportions derived from dynamic rectangles are present in the wording of all cases. Moreover, the range of ratios in the plan is from 1.34 to 2, and the content of changes in the section is from 1.22 to 2. The results can help architects, and particularly building owners, to reconstruct based on existing logic by discovering the proportions of the entrances of the houses. It is possible to administer a part of the damaged tissue and estimate its dimensions and sizes because the proportions' completeness can help revive half-destroyed historical buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 57-78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263523000870/pdfft?md5=0da8c59e3b945217addf3f07641a1598&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263523000870-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship between land use and user's behavior along the street: A case study of Da Nang City, Viet Nam","authors":"Duy Thinh Do , Duy Thao Do","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human activities on street spaces are affected by both physical and non-physical settings on streets. These two aspects are primarily impacted by land use which results in the uneven distribution of different activities on streets. This research investigates land use patterns and their characteristics in association to user's behaviors. By using mixed qualitative and quantitative research methods, e.g., place-centered behavioral map, observation, visual encounter surveys, machine learning, the relationship between user's behavior and land use characteristics along the street is unveiled. All user behaviors along both types of streets were classified into six main categories, with 26 subcategories. The observation results show that the residential use of land along the street was transformed into the commercial use for various types of shophouses based on the resident's ideas. There is a great correlation between land use and user's activities. These findings give support to authorities to manage urban streets and develop a sustainable policy for improving street spaces. Further, this research contributes useful information to urban designers and planners in creating a successful street space that is appropriate for the Vietnam Community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 144-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263523000894/pdfft?md5=012e46eb5871cc4dd513718e25fbfe02&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263523000894-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zakaria Djebbara , Juliet King , Amir Ebadi , Yoshio Nakamura , Julio Bermudez
{"title":"Contemplative neuroaesthetics and architecture: A sensorimotor exploration","authors":"Zakaria Djebbara , Juliet King , Amir Ebadi , Yoshio Nakamura , Julio Bermudez","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper takes initial steps towards developing a theoretical framework of contemplative neuroaesthetics through sensorimotor dynamics. We first argue that this new area has been largely omitted from the contemporary research agenda in neuroaesthetics and thus remains a domain of untapped potential. We seek to define this domain to foster a clear and focused investigation of the capacity of the arts and architecture to induce phenomenological states of a contemplative kind. By proposing a sensorimotor account of the experience of architecture, we operationalize how being attuned to architecture can lead to contemplative states. In contrasting the externally-induced methods with internally-induced methods for eliciting a contemplative state of mind, we argue that architecture may spontaneously and effortlessly lead to such states as certain built features naturally resonate with our sensorimotor system. We suggest that becoming sensible of the resonance and attunement process between internal and external states is what creates an occasion for an externally-induced contemplative state. Finally, we review neuroscientific studies of architecture, elaborate on the brain regions involved in such aesthetic contemplative responses, provide architectural examples, and point at the contributions that this new area of inquiry may have in fields such as the evidence-based design movement in architecture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 97-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263523000912/pdfft?md5=9f2605ce7aece8d8d9387ef0e9653a27&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263523000912-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-objective method of selecting performance-based local climatic zones using binomial logistic regression in warm and humid climate","authors":"G.R. Madhavan, Dorairaj Kannamma","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban agglomeration is a serious concern due to its high energy usage and impact on the local climate. Developing countries strive to determine the development path to optimize energy usage. The present study aims to examine the local climatic zones (LCZs) performance in warm and humid climate through a multi-objective approach for the residential sector. The performance is assessed by evaluating the urban microclimate and cooling load consumption for both summer and winter months using binomial logistic regression. The study concludes that LCZ <span><math><mrow><msub><mn>2</mn><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> (compact mid-rise with open low-rise) and LCZ <span><math><mrow><msub><mn>6</mn><mi>B</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> (open low-rise with scattered trees) perform better for 80% and 50% of total hours in warm and humid climate. It also proves the presence of significant performance differences between mid-rise and low-rise zones. The intra-zonal differences between the climatic variables are higher than the inter-zonal differences due to the impact of land surface temperature (LST). The high aspect ratio and low sky view factor of LCZ <span><math><mrow><msub><mn>2</mn><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> help the residents in that morphology in enhancing better thermal comfort and reducing cooling load consumption. The present study contributes to building regulation policymakers by providing information on the suitable morphology for warm and humid climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 184-200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263523000900/pdfft?md5=5bee6fd8861db99c5e5aa456faad737b&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263523000900-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139302115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associative cultural landscape approach to interpreting traditional ecological wisdom: A case of Inuit habitat","authors":"Peng Zhang, Shuai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global climate change and the accelerated melting of glaciers have raised concerns about the ability to manage ice-snow environments. Historically, human ancestors have mastered the ecological wisdom of working with ice-snow environments, but the phenomenon has not yet been articulated in cultural landscape methodologies that emphasize “nature-culture relevance”. The challenging living environment often compels indigenous people to form a strong bond with their surroundings, leading to the creation of long-term ecological wisdom through synergistic relationships with the environment. This ecological environment is conceptualized as a cognitive space in the form of the landscape, with which the aboriginal community norms and individual spirits continually interact. Such interactions generate numerous non-material cultural evidences, such as culture, art, religion, and other ideological aspects of the nation. These evidences symbolize the intellectual outcome of the relationship between humans and the landscape, and they create the “spiritual relevance” through personification and contextualization. The aim of the study is to explore the traditional ecological wisdom of the Inuit people who live in the harsh Arctic, and analyze the Inuit's interaction with the landscape through the lens of “associative cultural landscape”, and decode the survival experience that the Inuit have accumulated through their long-term synergy with the Arctic environment. The findings focus on the synergy between the Inuit and the ice-snow landscape, examining the knowledge and ecological wisdom that the Inuit acquire from the ice-snow landscape. Our goal is to develop a perspective of the ecological environment from the viewpoint of aboriginal people and establish a methodology, model, and framework for “associative cultural landscape” that incorporates ethnic non-material cultural evidences. From the results, a total of nine models for interpreting traditional Inuit ecological wisdom are generated based on the “diamond model” of “associative cultural landscape”, covering the transition from the physical landscape to a spiritual one and demonstrating the associative role of the landscape in stimulating potential spiritual cognitive abilities in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 79-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263523000882/pdfft?md5=4c5668f36ca7619e3ce6fc52bc54f0c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263523000882-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive-emotional feasibility of the effect of visual quality of building form on promoting the sense of place attachment (Case study: Cultural iconic buildings of Iran's contemporary architecture)","authors":"Narmin Ariannia , Negar Naseri , Mansour Yeganeh","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present research studies the relationship between place attachment and the perception of form's visual quality in fifteen outstanding contemporary Iranian architectural cultural buildings. This study puts forward the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the quality of building form and the sense of place attachment, in the sense that creating high visual quality through enhancing the quality of building form increases citizens' initial satisfaction with and subsequent attachment to the building. High visual quality influences people's experience of the environment and improves the quality of life. Place attachment highlights how people, on a personal level, recreate a sense of place for themselves. The present study adopts the descriptive-analytical method as its theoretical framework and the survey as the empirical methodology. Questionnaires were developed using the Likert scale and distributed among experts and ordinary citizens. Data analysis using SPSS and the adoption of descriptive-analytical statistics, correlation analysis, and regression showed the relationship among the characteristics of indicators. The results show a positive correlation between form and place attachment mediated through visual quality, and they are causal conditions for one another. In addition, only some of the buildings under study evoke the same level of place attachment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 37-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263523000869/pdfft?md5=2d1d5713ad70112afefeacb709f6b1cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263523000869-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From “prototype” to “model”: Architectural and spatial development of Block A (1924–1945) of Istanbul's Heybeliada Sanatorium","authors":"Deniz Avci-Hosanli , Cansu Degirmencioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines Block A, the first block-style building in Heybeliada Sanatorium in Istanbul. The purpose of this research is to understand its architectural and spatial development and discuss how in fact it was a “prototype” of Turkish sanatoria. Approached with a three-step methodology (documentation/evaluation/results) this research conducts architectural and spatial analysis on Block A. Primary sources like architectural documentation and restitution drawings, the writings of the institution's head doctor Tevfik İsmail Gökçe, periodicals on tuberculosis (TB), as well as pertinent literature are utilized. The findings demonstrate that Block A's development (1924–1945) was the result of knowledge transfer that introduced the universal sanatorium design principles, spatial experiments, adaptation to sociocultural norms, and trial-and-error processes. Not only it had a major impact on shaping of the second block-type building in the complex, the “model” Block B, but it also became exemplary of the subsequent Turkish sanatoria. The originality of this article is its exploration of the changing and evolving Block A in its resonation with the cultural tensions of Turkey's modernization process. This was established via the assessment of budgetary issues, medical developments and climatic experiments, the social issue of scarcity of TB beds in the country, spatial practices to separate the sexes as reflections of local traditions and culture in the shaping of spaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263523000845/pdfft?md5=3df1587e922f68f796530a9a7e5013f2&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263523000845-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}