Frontiers of Architectural Research最新文献

{"title":"Modulatory effects of the landscape sequences on pedestrians emotional states using EEG","authors":"Xinyao Xiao ,&nbsp;Xinxin Li ,&nbsp;Xuefan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jian Kang ,&nbsp;Jiahua Luo ,&nbsp;Lihua Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the impact of specific landscape elements on pedestrians’ emotional experiences during walking. During the study, footages were recorded by participants while walking to obtain real-time visual element data, including greenery, building and road visibility. And electroencephalogram (EEG) indicators of <em>β</em>/<em>α</em>, (<em>α+θ</em>)/<em>β</em>, <em>θ</em>/<em>β</em> and <em>θ</em>/<em>α</em> ratio were collected to represent levels of arousal, fatigue, attention and relaxation. Our findings suggested strong correlations between <em>θ</em>/<em>α</em> ratio with both greenery and road visibility. Conversely, other indicators were primarily influenced by greenery and building visibility. Regarding the combined impact of elements, the most positive emotions were observed when green visibility exceeded 51%. However, the peak alertness was achieved with building visibility between 5.2% and 31%. The lowest fatigue and the highest attention level were recorded under building visibility less than 5.2%, and the highest level of relaxation occurred with road visibility less than 10%. In terms of the influence of time, the entire walking process could be delineated by the five and 8 min marks, classified into novelty, adaptation and sustained phase based on the patterns of emotional changes observed in the participants. Consequently, the visual elements and their combinations, and duration play regulatory roles in pedestrians' emotional experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 1327-1341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural heritage tourism and urban regeneration: The case of Fez Medina in Morocco","authors":"Djamel Boussaa,&nbsp;Muhammed Madandola","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After Morocco gained independence in 1956, the country's historic cities, including Fez, Marrakesh, and Meknes, experienced rapid urban growth, decay, and the destruction of their rich cultural and architectural heritage. The rise in urbanisation, redevelopment projects, and tourism has raised concerns related to the urban gentrification and social sustainability of local communities. In addition, the influx of large-scale foreign investments and the conversion of traditional Moroccan houses into <em>riad</em> hotels have sparked tensions over land use, economic shifts, and the ongoing exploitation of historic cities. This research presents a case study of the world heritage city of Fez in Morocco, where these dynamics are particularly significant, as efforts are made to balance conservation and modern needs. The main question to be addressed is how can the surviving historic centres be regenerated while ensuring social sustainability for their inhabitants? The primary objective of this study is to explore the multifaceted urban regeneration strategies in Fez, focusing on urban planning, conservation efforts, economic revitalisation, and social development. Employing a mixed-method approach, this study draws on desk research, content analysis, fieldwork, observations, and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders. The findings suggest that the previous strategies focused on physical development and <em>riad</em> hotels to boost cultural tourism and tourist accommodation, exacerbating the gentrification and socioeconomic stratification of the local community. This study emphasises the “Ziyarates Fez” project, which provides an innovative approach to rehabilitating and reusing traditional houses for tourism accommodation without displacing local occupants. Furthermore, this project represents a holistic strategy for balancing economic and social sustainability in urban regeneration. This paper contributes to the expanding body of research on sustainable urban regeneration in historic cities. These results are anticipated to benefit academic research and the implementation of regeneration strategies in historic cities in Morocco and worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 1228-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive cooling techniques in medieval Indian stepwells","authors":"Samirsinh P. Parmar ,&nbsp;Debi Prasad Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stepwell is one of the unique medieval groundwater resource structures distributed across most of all the states in India. The main purpose of constructing stepped wells was to get access to the groundwater, but was also used for the storage of food, and as a summer shelter in medieval times. In tropical regions such as India, temperature is a major problem that causes thermal distress. Traditional architectural concepts were incorporated in the medieval Indian structures to achieve thermal comfort. Traditional architecture is optimization of building design to climate, adaptive crafts, and building techniques learnt over time and experience. The objective of this study is to interpret and evaluate the architectural and engineering aspects of stepwells pertaining to passive cooling techniques used in stepwells and the shelters associated with them. This paper reviews technical aspects pertaining to passive cooling in the design of stepwells, which has identified fundamental principles that can adopted for the building of various structures presently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 1447-1460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From data to design: Social network insights for urban design and regeneration","authors":"Sepideh Zarepour Sohi ,&nbsp;Saeed Banihashemi ,&nbsp;Moslem Sheikhkhoshkar ,&nbsp;Poriya Abdollahi Roshan","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban public spaces are pivotal to the welfare and prosperity of modern cities. Recognizing their importance, this research addresses the critical gap in understanding and enhancing the qualities of these spaces through advanced analytics, focusing on Tehran's main traditional market, the Bazaar. A novel methodological framework combining Social Network Analysis (SNA), and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis, supported by location-based social media reviews, was employed. This innovative approach assessed the Bazaar's comfort, vitality, and safety, analyzing real-time public interactions and perceptions through social media data. The findings highlighted the Bazaar's central role in Tehran's urban landscape and identified the need for strategic design interventions. These interventions aimed to improve walkability, comfort, safety, and diversity, and have been successfully implemented, significantly enhancing the Bazaar's quality and usability. This study not only advances urban studies and planning by providing a model for urban public space analysis but also underscores the value of social media data in urban analytics. The successful revitalization of Tehran's Bazaar sets a precedent for enriching urban experiences and boosting city vitality through similar interventions in other urban spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 1377-1399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating 3D texture tessellation on planar surface using a single tile or a few tiles","authors":"Anooshe Rezaee Javan,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdelaal,&nbsp;Yi Min Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tessellations have been widely used in architectural designs to create visually striking surfaces by repeating a small number of elements. While there has been extensive research on 2D tiling over the past 2000 years, this study focuses on the systematic development of a technique for the modular construction of 2D tiling with 3D texture surfaces using identical tiles, which is of great importance in architectural designs for cost-effective constructions through the mass production of repeating components. This study applies parametric geometrical modelling using Grasshopper scripting to generate a wide range of 3D reliefs on planar surfaces by repeating a single tile or a few different tiles. Based on the findings of this study, it is possible to arrange tiles with an identical 3D texture surface in multiple configurations, resulting in a range of 3D reliefs on tessellated surfaces that exhibit smooth transitions across adjacent tiles. A significant application of this technique is in producing stunning facades and other 3D surfaces using identical modules, offering affordable modular construction through repetition. The study also demonstrates the versatility of the technique by creating various attractive non-periodic 3D surfaces using triangular, square, hexagonal, or even non-regular tiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 1435-1446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserving the historical value and thermal properties of renovated buildings: The case of reconstructed town houses in Kosice, Slovakia","authors":"Dušan Katunský,&nbsp;Jana Katunská,&nbsp;Erika Dolníková,&nbsp;Kristián Hutkai","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The restoration of monuments is of great interest, leading to more architecturally significant designs. Many promising approaches to building design foster a symbiosis of the old and the new. The paper examines the compromises between the structural and physical properties of a historic building intended for renovation, which has already undergone several renovations. Due to the limited optimization possibilities at specific levels of the renovation project, diagnostics were used during the examination of proposals. Part of the diagnostics involves measuring thermal conditions, as well as temperatures on the internal and external surfaces of the building envelopes. The study demonstrates how the properties of the outer shell affect thermal insulation and suggests methods for architects, planners and preservationists to preserve the structural forms of the facade. The goal was to show that, despite the absence of a new thermal insulation layer on the outside of the building, the standard requirements are not violated. On the inner surface of the envelope walls, the temperature does not drop below the critical value for mould growth. Additionally, there are examples of modifications to the original details and their shape after the restoration of this building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 1185-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating spatial vitality and node-place model to evaluate and classify metro station areas in Wuhan","authors":"Tao Wu ,&nbsp;Mingjing Li ,&nbsp;Linna Gao ,&nbsp;Ye Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous metropolises worldwide have adopted transit-oriented development (TOD) as a sustainable urban development tactic. And the node-place model is the most commonly used model for TOD typology. However, the spatial vitality, one of the most fundamental aspects of TOD, has not been systematically taken into account in the node-place model. Therefore, this article introduces vitality as a third dimension into node-place model and develops the node-place-vitality (NPV) model, aiming to comprehensively re-classify and re-evaluate TOD performance. The independent weight coefficient method is used to compute place values, node values, vitality values, and overall TOD degree. Moreover, the categorization of TOD typologies makes use of the K-means++ clustering approach. The model is employed in a case study in Wuhan, China. The results show that the TOD degree exhibits a spatial discrepancy, characterized as “high-medium-low” from the center to the periphery, not only in the whole city but also in the three towns. The geographical characteristics of TOD degree within station catchment area are revealed by the heat map. Five TOD types are identified and they present obvious spatial differentiation. The approach proposed in this paper furnishes urban planners and decision-makers with a scientific instrument for assisting TOD planning and strategies designing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 1363-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141279161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the link between industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth over Kenya","authors":"Bosco Mumo Kyule,&nbsp;Xingping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrialization is a key element for economic growth in both developed and undeveloped countries. Due to globalization, the cause-effect between industrialization, economic growth and urbanization are changing. This study investigates the relationship between economic expansion, urbanization, and industrialization in Kenya using a quantitative methodology. Using World Bank economic indicator parameters, it focuses on understanding the complex interrelationships between these factors. Vector Autoregression (VAR) modeling is used to analyze the relationships between GDP, urbanization, and industrialization between 1990 and 2018. The Granger causality test is used to determine the causal linkages between GDP, urbanization, and industrialization. Results show that urbanization is increasing steadily across Kenya, with a high population in central, western, Rift valley, and coastal regions. The availability of agricultural land influences urbanization, with a significant positive relationship between the three parameters. The Granger causality test shows a unidirectional relationship between GDP, urbanization, and industrialization. A minimum of 20% is considered as the benchmark for urbanization to reduce both GDP and industrialization. Unplanned and rapid urbanization, accompanied by ecologically unfavorable industrialization schemes, threatens Kenya's biodiversity. The study provides insight into the interconnection between the three pillars of the economy and the statistical models developed are useful in forecasting future trends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 799-808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263524000530/pdfft?md5=7b57686d1259deb8b472739d194c011f&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263524000530-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of block form diversification in urban morphological transformation: Case study of grid blocks in Beijing, China","authors":"Jiankun Liu ,&nbsp;Atsushi Deguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Beijing is a typical traditional city in China, originating from the uniform and conventional grid plan, but transformed diversely, either on purpose or spontaneously. This research took the diversification process of grid blocks as an angle to understand the transformation process of Beijing's urban morphology. It took 194 grid blocks within the 3rd Ring Road of Beijing as research objects. First, the paper proposed a whole view of Beijing's grid blocks by 1) visualizing their construction process, 2) classifying 5 morphological clusters by 7 indicators (Block size, Block shape regularity, Intensity, Coverage, Network density, Plot shape regularity, Standard deviation of plot size), and 3) investigating their distribution. Second, the diversification process of grid blocks was clarified from two layers: the block-boundary layer and the inner-space layer. Finally, the mechanism of block form diversification was clarified by exploring the connections between elements in each layer, and the influence of urban development on block form transformation. The study re-defined the diversification process in a more quantitative way from both time and spatial dimension. It concluded that the diversification is influenced by changes in urban planning principles and locations, and emerged thorough the long-term transformation and re-subdivision. The interaction between the boundary and the inner space stimulates the diversification. And based on these, it concluded with a discussion of limitations and potentials on grid blocks' construction and renovation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 928-943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263524000529/pdfft?md5=c96149f6b15d2cc1fdcb346f0f7fd643&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263524000529-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141145383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the form contemporary developments of Tabriz leather and shoe Bazaar (marketplace) from the late Qajar to current period","authors":"Rana Najjari Nabi ,&nbsp;Nahideh Rezaei ,&nbsp;Rahmat Mohammad Zadeh ,&nbsp;Farzin Haghparast","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bazaars are considered essential components of a society's economy and significant features in the urban context of cities, which have emerged based on exchanging goods and meeting people's needs. Since the late Qajar period, amidst the rapid changes resulting from interaction with modernization, the form of Tabriz Grand Bazaar has undergone significant changes. The research aims to explain the contemporary transformations of marketplace form in the leather and shoe sectors. The objectives aim to elucidate the contemporary physical, functional, and sementic changes and propose strategies. The research method is qualitative, with a phenomenological approach. The results indicate that the Bazaar has lost some physical and sementic functions. Despite providing goods, it has failed to meet the public's demands because of eliminating production workshops by changing the productive function to service-oriented and the size and shape of spaces. The decline of religious activities is also one reason for the diminished sementic dimension. Regarding functional and physical aspects, some proposed solutions include preserving the authenticity of the spaces and utilizing suitable Functions with the dominant architectural style. Regarding sementic characteristics, suggestions include enhancing the sense of identity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 741-763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263524000499/pdfft?md5=2144324ccd8509554fcf6d54cc3a392c&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263524000499-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141050184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}