Frontiers of Architectural Research最新文献

{"title":"A comparative analysis of perceptions of insecurity in Milan and Beijing metro stations","authors":"Jiaxin Liu ,&nbsp;Hongming Yan ,&nbsp;Marcus White ,&nbsp;Xiaoran Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metro stations, as essential public spaces, not only serve as vital transportation hubs but also form part of the broader built environment that shapes people's perceptions of insecurity. An important concern for passengers in these environments is safety, particularly in underground public space where the design and organization of the physical surroundings play a crucial role. Despite various modern renovations in older metro stations, newer stations are generally perceived as safer. To understand this discrepancy, this research compares how visual factors in the built environments of old and new metro stations influence people's perceptions of insecurity. By examining two cities—Milan and Beijing, which follow distinct urban development models—this research also explores how differences in urbanization processes affect the contrast between old and new stations. This research introduces a novel methodology for analyzing underground public space by integrating 360-degree image capture, an enhanced semantic segmentation process, and predictive modeling using XGBoost and SHAP to reveal the complex relationships between these visual factors and safety perceptions. The results indicate that while factors like artificial light, floor, and the presence of people are significant across all stations, certain factors are particularly influential in specific contexts—for example, exposed pipes are more negatively associated with safety perception in Beijing's old stations, and platform doors have a strongly positive effect in Milan's new stations. The findings provide valuable insights for guiding the modernization of metro stations in the future, and offering an innovative approach to studying underground public space.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 863-884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placemaking for social cohesion and economic vitality: The role of urban design in transforming local markets in Pakistan","authors":"Samirah Pervaiz ,&nbsp;Fariha Tariq ,&nbsp;Farah Jamil ,&nbsp;Faiqa Khilat ,&nbsp;Sarosh Tariq ,&nbsp;Muhammad Aamir Basheer","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In planning and design, the concept of “place” has always been fundamental. Current patterns show a greater emphasis on influencing and improving community dynamics through altering the “experience” and “feeling” of locations, especially in local commercial centers and markets that play an important role in the economic growth of cities. The research focuses on the significance of placemaking, a critical component in design, for boosting economic activity in the market(s) and simultaneously fostering a place for social engagement and cohesion. A mixed-methods approach was employed to strengthen the connection between placemaking and the local informal economy in urban areas. This research through a case study outlines the placemaking principle that can convert local commercial areas into more socially cohesive, diverse, and vibrant public spaces. It is recommended that this design-based study be instrumental for local and national marketplaces in Pakistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 1035-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach for heritage settlement classification using block patterns: The study of 37 typical colonial heritage settlements in the Americas","authors":"Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Liyang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaosong Niu ,&nbsp;Hongrui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Settlements serve as the tangible carriers of civilization, with historic urban blocks reflecting distinct cultural attributes that are essential for analyzing settlement types, exploring urban form characteristics, and refining spatial planning ideologies. Thus, this study focuses on the block as the fundamental morphological unit and introduces a structured research methodology from the typo-morphological perspective, comprising the following stages: Block Morphology Quantification, Block Pattern Types Extraction, Settlement Type Division, and Planning Ideology Discussion. This methodology can efficiently enhance the understanding of morphology and planning ideologies of heritage settlements by applying quantitative approaches to clustering settlements based solely on block pattern. For method validation, 37 typical colonial heritage settlements in the Americas is conducted as empirical study through the following process: first, quantifying block morphology; second, identifying block pattern types by K-means clustering; third, applying hierarchical clustering referring to the proportion of block pattern types within each case, resulting in the identification of four categories of “strategic core”, “corridor node”, “resource spot” and “overseas new town”; lastly, three key planning ideologies—“order”, “efficiency” and “practicality”—that shaped these settlements are derived from classification results accordingly. As empirical study result, the effectiveness of classifying heritage settlements using block patterns is validated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 983-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From empty to empowering: Leveraging vacant land for urban socio-ecological resilience","authors":"Maryam Naghibi ,&nbsp;Mohsen Faizi ,&nbsp;HamidReza Yazdani ,&nbsp;Ahmad Ekhlassi","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban vacancy, often seen as a challenge, offers unique opportunities for ecological and social enhancements in cityscapes. This study explores the role of small green spaces in urban resilience, particularly in high-density metropolises, through a social-ecological lens. We began with a critical review to develop and validate a questionnaire, drawing on theoretical frameworks and confirming the derived criteria with twenty-two experts. Key resilience attributes identified for urban landscapes included flexibility, efficiency, activity, connectivity, and diversity. Utilizing the Best-Worst Method (BWM), we discerned the most and least significant of these attributes. The study then employed Hierarchical Bayes analysis via XLSTAT software to analyze questionnaire responses (<em>n</em> = 386, 60.36% female) and calculate the part-worth utility and importance ratings for each attribute. Results highlighted water presence, high tree density, and activity areas as vital attributes for small urban parks. These insights are crucial for landscape architects, emphasizing attributes that enhance park visitation and usability. Additionally, the innovative methodological approach of this study offers a new pathway for research in urban planning and the built environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 1076-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choice preferences in drum tower design among the Dong people: Evidence from the five villages in Guangxi, China","authors":"Siyi Jia ,&nbsp;Wanyu Guo ,&nbsp;Mohd Hafizal Bin Mohd Isa ,&nbsp;Zalena Binti Abdul Aziz ,&nbsp;Muhamad Azhar bin Ghazali","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chengyang Eight Village is renowned as a gathering site for the Dong ethnic group and the most prominent area for wooden architecture. Drum tower is an extremely important representative of wooden architecture that can influence the economic and tourism development of the region, providing functions of public activities, communication, and ethnic identity. However, widespread issues such as damage, abandonment, or disappearance threaten drum towers, which are crucial spiritual centres for Dong villages. Despite the social and functional significance of drum towers, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of how people interact with them. This study aims to analyse Dong people's choice preferences in drum tower design, to examine the importance of 84 practices and influencing factors and propose a research path for study choice preferences. This study selected five villages among the Chengyang Eight Village as the research sites. Based on data from literature, field investigations, questionnaires and statistical analysis methods, this study analysed the choice preferences of local villagers regarding drum tower design. Five steps, 24 elements and 84 practices of drum towers were studied, and the impacts of the four influencing factors (Practicality, Economy, Decoration, and Belonging) on the three levels of the 84 practices were examined. Results showed that drum towers are a part of a complex, mutually reinforcing system where villagers and the towers mutually promote and influence each other. Villagers exhibited ambivalence towards drum tower design, navigating between deep-rooted traditions and evolving functional needs in contemporary contexts. Drawing on the Space-Behaviour Interaction Theory, this study examined the interaction between villagers and drum towers through a comprehensive approach of qualitative and quantitative methods, and established a research path for choice preferences. This study significantly enriches the discourse on minority village studies and traditional architecture, and provides valuable references for cultural heritage preservation and policy formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 946-964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression or recovery? A study of the influencing elements of urban street environments to alleviate mental stress","authors":"Huiyun Peng ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhu ,&nbsp;Tingting Yang ,&nbsp;Mingying Zeng ,&nbsp;Shaohua Tan ,&nbsp;Li Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies have shown that a well-designed urban environment can have the same stress-reducing capacity as the natural environment. This may provide an opportunity to improve population health. In this study, we used a combination of traditional interviews and biosensing techniques to simulate the effects of living streets on emotional states within the First Ring Road of Chengdu City, and then scientifically analyzed the health effects of street environments. Within the First Ring Road of Chengdu City, we extracted the characteristics of the street environment through real-life perception experiments, and extensively photographed and sampled the living streets in the main urban area of Chengdu City, and collected the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of the people when they viewed different street photographs, so as to analyze the correlation between the characteristics of the street environment and the mental health of the people. The results show that the environmental characteristics of living streets that affect people's psychological perception are: green looking ratio, motor vehicle presence rate, degree of walkability, environmental complexity, building enclosure, facility distribution rate, sky visibility, elevation permeability, slow-moving occurrences and color richness. Motor vehicle presence rate and environmental complexity had a significant positive correlation with boredom, elevation permeability had a significant positive correlation with engagement mood, green looking ratio and building enclosure had a significant positive correlation with interest mood, and environmental complexity had a significant negative correlation with interest mood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 846-862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear cultural heritage eco-cultural spatial system: A case study of the Great Tea Route in Shanxi","authors":"Tianyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Chen ,&nbsp;Tianqi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preservation of linear cultural heritage currently stands as a critical issue within the realm of global cultural heritage protection. The integration of cultural and ecological factors, as well as protection policies and implementation strategies, are facing great challenges. In 2019, the linear heritage “the Great Tea Route” was added to the Tentative List of China's World Cultural Heritage, underscoring its cultural and ecological significance. This study presents the construction of an expansive cultural and ecological corridor network across the Shanxi Province section of the route, employing morpho-spatial pattern analysis, the MaxEnt model, and the MCR model to effectively integrate cultural and ecological resources. And explores the establishment of cultural landscape nodes and the enhancement of cultural and ecological services, advocating a community co-construction model. This not only facilitates the development of a corridor-based economy but also addresses administrative challenges, thus promoting the preservation and management of cultural and ecological resources. The network developed comprises 43 cultural ecology points, 86 cultural source points, and 21 ecological sources, forming a foundation for the corridor's conservation and use. This study aims to provide new insights for the sustainable management of linear cultural heritage and promote the comprehensive protection of resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 1063-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive preferences for architectural renovation strategies in traditional villages combining subjective evaluation and eye tracking","authors":"Yu Xing ,&nbsp;Jiawei Leng ,&nbsp;Haifei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the implementation of the “rural revitalization” strategy, many traditional villages face the challenges of renewal and revitalization. A scientific and effective understanding of these renovation strategies is crucial in the renewal design process. This study integrates eye-tracking technology and subjective evaluation methods to construct a research framework for assessing cognitive preferences regarding architectural renovation strategies in traditional villages. Three villages in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China—She Village, Lixiang Village, and Sujia Ideal Village—were selected as case studies. Subjective evaluation scores were obtained using a semantic differentiation (SD) questionnaire, and the weights of various evaluation dimensions were determined based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Eye-tracking experiments recorded subjects' observation processes of different remodeling spaces, producing focus heatmaps, areas of interest (AOI) maps, and corresponding eye movement data. The comprehensive analysis of these two aspects provides a more thorough understanding and evaluation of renovation strategies in traditional villages: (1) In architectural renovation, the most effective strategies are ranked as follows: block addition, facade renovation, juxtaposition of old and new, and overall reshaping. (2) The metrics of richness and recognizability show significant correlations with eye-tracking data, suggesting their importance in comprehensive analysis. (3) Both high and low subjective evaluation scores attract attention, indicating the need to integrate subjective evaluation results with eye-tracking data for accurate judgment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 1017-1034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neglected vertical linkage: A study on the form of the canal network in the Huainan Salt Area during the Ming and Qing dynasties using space syntax measurements","authors":"Mingyang Lu ,&nbsp;Xinjian Li ,&nbsp;Yu Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Huainan Salt Area was the most essential salt production and trade base in ancient China. The government had strict control over the essential tax source region and left behind numerous official documents. However, when comparing with the modern surveying maps, we found that the boundaries between salt districts were unclear, which was obviously contradictory to the principle of independence between salt districts in official documents. Therefore, this study used the 1920s’ historical map of the Huainan Area to extract vector data such as the canal and road networks and the location of salt settlements, and then used space syntax to describe the transportation network morphology and settlement distribution structure to respond to the contradictions with higher precision. It was found that at a 2000 m × 2000 m raster resolution, the measurements of the canal network were well correlated (<em>p</em> = 0.645, <em>r</em> = 30,000) with the salt settlement distribution. Moreover, the canal network was closer to a network-like than a tree-like structure, and vertical linkage emerged. The “government-supervised and merchant-managed” policy implemented in the Qing dynasty played an essential role, and it caused a big difference in the understanding of the salt industry system between folks and officials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 825-845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of high-performance generation methods for rural plan based on generative adversarial network","authors":"Xiao-Hu Liu ,&nbsp;Peng-Cheng Miao ,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Dong ,&nbsp;Baghdad Esmail ,&nbsp;Fei Ye ,&nbsp;Dian Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In China, traditional village layouts are dynamic, harmoniously integrated with the natural environment, and rich in unique cultural characteristics. However, rapidly constructed villages often lack professional design, resulting in overly simple layouts and causing the villages to lose their traditional characteristics. Artificial intelligence holds the potential to alleviate this specific challenge. This study employs CGAN to generate comprehensive village layouts based on archetypal traditional villages, while also exploring parameters and network architectures to enhance result quality. The research address on traditional villages in southwestern Hubei, refining generative factors, introducing image-based geographic scales, and employing machine vision to address data scarcity. The key findings of this study includes: 1) The research explores a class of AI-generated evaluation metrics suitable for village layout generation. 2) It confirms that the combination of the Unet_256 generator with the LSGAN architecture yields the best results in image generation. 3) It is observed that the optimal generation results are achieved when the equivalent geographic scale of the image is 150 m × 150 m. The study validates that GANs can be effectively applied in the village layout, producing layout results that incorporate traditional local experiences. This provides a novel approach to village layout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 739-758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}