{"title":"A study of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of airflow regarding mould on building surfaces","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air movement dries surfaces by increasing evaporation and convection, which may prevent mould growth. <em>Cladosporium</em> sp. is used as the test organism (dominant fungi in the envelope of rural houses in hot summer and warm winter areas), and the effect of fans on inhibiting mould growth on building materials is investigated. Surface mould growth on materials was simulated and compared after rain leakage and surface condensation, and spore germination was studied in high humidity, with or without airflow. The results are as follows: (1) Airflow has an evident inhibitory effect on mould growth on wet building materials. This observation was linked to the availability of moisture content in the building materials. (2) Airflow can slow the appearance of visual mould on the material surface. Mould did not appear on the gypsum surface due to the airflow, and mould growth on a wood surface was delayed for about two days. (3) Periodically, spore eluates were examined by electron microscopy to determine the stage of spore germination, and it was found that airflow delayed mould spore germination for about 2–3 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 1067-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling the legacy of estancias: Territorial development and housing transformations in Buenos Aires","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the productive Pampa cattle ranch, locally known as “estancia,” underwent three developmental stages in the process of territorialization within the northwestern province of Buenos Aires. Each of these stages covers various dimensions—social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental—that collectively define the estancia's role as a territorial agent. The research employs a methodology that combines qualitative approaches through documentary analysis, along with bibliographical and cartographic review, complemented by fieldwork. This work examines into the changes and transformations within the territory, as well as housing adaptations, which are manifested in the construction of dwellings and their environs. These changes occur in a context where urban culture intertwined with the rural productive scene. Furthermore, it postulates that the inter-century territorial dynamics covering the 19th and 20th centuries serve as an enduring legacy of identity for the 21st century.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 1056-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Interface-element-perception” model to evaluation of urban sidewalk visual landscape in the core area of Beijing","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the relationship between sidewalk space and pedestrians, as well as how the design and improvement of sidewalk visual landscapes can enhance pedestrians' psychological restoration. Sidewalk quality in China varies, making it challenging to meet the urban residents' expectations for sidewalk environments. In this research, psychological perception experiments were conducted on 60 sidewalks in the core functional area of Beijing. The visual landscape of the sidewalk was divided into four dimensions: canopy, ground plane, roadside plane, and building wall. In this study, a total of 52 spatial elements were extracted and evaluated based on the dimensions of fascination, being-away, coherence, and scope in relation to pedestrians' psychological perception. The findings confirm that urban greenery and street accessibility, among other spatial elements, significantly positively influence pedestrians' willingness to walk. Furthermore, a balanced distribution of elements within sidewalk space can better enhance pedestrians' psychological restoration capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 960-977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding children's active school commute, independent mobility, and physical activity in Austin, Texas, USA: Roles of physical environments","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Walking to/from school (WTS) is an important form of habitual and healthful physical activity (PA). This cross-sectional study examined the multilevel correlates of WTS among elementary school children in Austin, Texas, and whether WTS and neighborhood environmental factors were associated with increased independent mobility and PA. A parent survey was conducted, and geographic information systems were used to calculate the shortest home-to-school distance. Binary logistic regressions were used to predict the outcomes. Distance, physical barriers (e.g., highway/freeway/busy roads), neighborhood environmental quality, and traffic concerns were significant predictors for WTS. Having a school within the neighborhood and unsupervised play increased the likelihood of independent travel to non-school destinations. Sidewalk availability and condition, having a friend's/relative's house in the neighborhood that the child visits frequently, and independent travel to non-school destinations predicted an increased likelihood of unsupervised outdoor play. Stranger danger reduced the likelihood of both independent travel and unsupervised play. Easy access to services and unsupervised play increased the likelihood of meeting PA guidelines. This study identified modifiable environmental predictors of WTS, independent mobility, and meeting PA guidelines. Future PA promotion should consider strategies that can encourage not only WTS but also independent travel to non-school destinations and unsupervised outdoor play.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 978-989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solar Ark 3.0: A lightweight, energy-efficient house based on smooth poly-hypar surface structures","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research addresses energy consumption challenges in the design and construction of concrete freeform surface architecture. It proposes an integrated design approach centered on smooth poly-hypar surfaces, serving as a mediator to amalgamate architectural smoothness, structural stiffness, construction convenience, and building energy efficiency from the initial design phase. To testify the versatile functionality of smooth poly-hypar surfaces beyond structural loadbearing, they are employed in the design and construction of a Solar house—a prototype aimed at establishing an energy-efficient modular design and construction system for concrete-freeform surface buildings. This approach capitalizes on the unique structural and geometrical properties offered by smooth poly-hypar surfaces. By leveraging this special geometry, the methodology transcends individual stages, encompassing the entire integrated process and overcoming limitations associated with traditional sequential design strategies. It underscores the interconnected nature of design, construction, and sustainability considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 1170-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuying Liu , Wei Qiang , Zuliang Lu , Yiheng Fan , Haotian Wang
{"title":"Research on heritage characteristics based on railway architectural heritage database in Jinzhou section of the Peking–Mukden Railway","authors":"Fuying Liu , Wei Qiang , Zuliang Lu , Yiheng Fan , Haotian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research interprets the background of Jinzhou section of the Peking–Mukden Railway, and puts forward 65 heritages as cases based on the scope definition and investigation. After the data collection, processing, and visualization, the database composed of 9 sub-databases, with B/S architecture mode, is constructed based on SQL server platform. The ArcGIS tool is used to analyze the distribution of the heritages, including spatial distribution characteristics, spatial agglomeration, and spatial equilibrium. “Image and model information database” and “text attribute information database” is used to analyze the architectural ontology features. The conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) The integral distribution has the characteristics of “cohesion”, while the 5 medium types of heritages show obvious and different directions. 2) The overall pattern of spatial agglomeration is characterized by high cohesion with a single high agglomeration point as the core. The low agglomeration area shows a point-line-point pattern. 3) The integral heritages and three main types of buildings differ in distribution, and the equilibrium is low. The architectural ontology analysis shows that the image information can be used as the basis for ontology characteristics analysis, architectural form and style judgment, and architectural functional space analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 1127-1144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparison of the sense of place between two urban heritage sites (Oudlajan historic neighborhood, Tehran, and Shah Abol-Ghasem, Yazd)","authors":"Arash Mohammad-Moradi, Seyed-Abbas Yazdanfar, Mohammad-Ali Khanmohammadi, Saeid Norouzian-Maleki, Paria Shaheen","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary era has witnessed damage to the various dimensions of the sense of place in numerous historic and urban heritage sites, which has led to issues such as the disruption of urban life, neglected aspects of the urban poor, and abandonment. This study aims to identify the most important factors contributing to the sense of place in historic fabrics in the present day. A comparative analysis is carried out on the two neighborhoods of Imamzadeh Yahya in Tehran (a progressively dilapidated neighborhood), and Shah Abol-Ghasem in Yazd (with continuity of urban life). The assessment of the residents’ sense of place in the two neighborhoods ( = 271) and ( = 267) was carried out using the questionnaire tool, and the contributing factors were determined. The results of the two cases were compared using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings showed that the sense of place in Imamzadeh Yahya, with a significant difference ( = 0.00), is at a much lower level than in Shah Abol-Ghasem. Also, most of the factors affecting the sense of place in Imamzadeh Yahya were significantly different ( < 0.05) and at a much lower level compared to Shah Abol-Ghasem, as assessed by the inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantifying the link between industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth over Kenya","authors":"Bosco Mumo Kyule, Xingping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrialization is a key element for economic growth in both developed and undeveloped countries. Due to globalization, the cause-effect between industrialization, economic growth and urbanization are changing. This study investigates the relationship between economic expansion, urbanization, and industrialization in Kenya using a quantitative methodology. Using World Bank economic indicator parameters, it focuses on understanding the complex interrelationships between these factors. Vector Autoregression (VAR) modeling is used to analyze the relationships between GDP, urbanization, and industrialization between 1990 and 2018. The Granger causality test is used to determine the causal linkages between GDP, urbanization, and industrialization. Results show that urbanization is increasing steadily across Kenya, with a high population in central, western, Rift valley, and coastal regions. The availability of agricultural land influences urbanization, with a significant positive relationship between the three parameters. The Granger causality test shows a unidirectional relationship between GDP, urbanization, and industrialization. A minimum of 20% is considered as the benchmark for urbanization to reduce both GDP and industrialization. Unplanned and rapid urbanization, accompanied by ecologically unfavorable industrialization schemes, threatens Kenya's biodiversity. The study provides insight into the interconnection between the three pillars of the economy and the statistical models developed are useful in forecasting future trends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 799-808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263524000530/pdfft?md5=7b57686d1259deb8b472739d194c011f&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263524000530-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The mechanism of block form diversification in urban morphological transformation: Case study of grid blocks in Beijing, China","authors":"Jiankun Liu , Atsushi Deguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Beijing is a typical traditional city in China, originating from the uniform and conventional grid plan, but transformed diversely, either on purpose or spontaneously. This research took the diversification process of grid blocks as an angle to understand the transformation process of Beijing's urban morphology. It took 194 grid blocks within the 3rd Ring Road of Beijing as research objects. First, the paper proposed a whole view of Beijing's grid blocks by 1) visualizing their construction process, 2) classifying 5 morphological clusters by 7 indicators (Block size, Block shape regularity, Intensity, Coverage, Network density, Plot shape regularity, Standard deviation of plot size), and 3) investigating their distribution. Second, the diversification process of grid blocks was clarified from two layers: the block-boundary layer and the inner-space layer. Finally, the mechanism of block form diversification was clarified by exploring the connections between elements in each layer, and the influence of urban development on block form transformation. The study re-defined the diversification process in a more quantitative way from both time and spatial dimension. It concluded that the diversification is influenced by changes in urban planning principles and locations, and emerged thorough the long-term transformation and re-subdivision. The interaction between the boundary and the inner space stimulates the diversification. And based on these, it concluded with a discussion of limitations and potentials on grid blocks' construction and renovation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 928-943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263524000529/pdfft?md5=c96149f6b15d2cc1fdcb346f0f7fd643&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263524000529-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141145383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rana Najjari Nabi , Nahideh Rezaei , Rahmat Mohammad Zadeh , Farzin Haghparast
{"title":"A study on the form contemporary developments of Tabriz leather and shoe Bazaar (marketplace) from the late Qajar to current period","authors":"Rana Najjari Nabi , Nahideh Rezaei , Rahmat Mohammad Zadeh , Farzin Haghparast","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bazaars are considered essential components of a society's economy and significant features in the urban context of cities, which have emerged based on exchanging goods and meeting people's needs. Since the late Qajar period, amidst the rapid changes resulting from interaction with modernization, the form of Tabriz Grand Bazaar has undergone significant changes. The research aims to explain the contemporary transformations of marketplace form in the leather and shoe sectors. The objectives aim to elucidate the contemporary physical, functional, and sementic changes and propose strategies. The research method is qualitative, with a phenomenological approach. The results indicate that the Bazaar has lost some physical and sementic functions. Despite providing goods, it has failed to meet the public's demands because of eliminating production workshops by changing the productive function to service-oriented and the size and shape of spaces. The decline of religious activities is also one reason for the diminished sementic dimension. Regarding functional and physical aspects, some proposed solutions include preserving the authenticity of the spaces and utilizing suitable Functions with the dominant architectural style. Regarding sementic characteristics, suggestions include enhancing the sense of identity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 741-763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263524000499/pdfft?md5=2144324ccd8509554fcf6d54cc3a392c&pid=1-s2.0-S2095263524000499-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141050184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}