BioMedicine-Taiwan最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of thyroid autoimmunity markers in polycystic ovarian syndrome in women","authors":"Shaimaa Awadh Auda, Eqbal Awadh Gatea, Zainab Awaad Radhi","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2823","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. PCOS also affects thyroid hormones, with multiple studies showing a link between autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and polycystic ovarian syndrome, although the exact pathophysiology of this interaction remains unknown. In this study the autoimmune thyroid indicators in women with PCOS were examined in order to demonstrate a link between polycystic ovarian syndrome and autoimmune thyroid disease.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: The study included 85 polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients and 50 controls with similar ages. Thyroid autoantibodies (anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) and anti-peroxidase (anti-TPO), thyroid hormones (free thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined in both study groups of women.\u0000 \u0000Results: In women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) the blood levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), antithyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG)) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were higher than women without PCOS. However, no difference was observed for free thyroxine (FT4) levels among PCOS and no PCOS women.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity was found to be linked in women with PCOS.  ","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of bacteriophage targeting Enterococcus faecalis isolated from root canal infection (in vitro study)","authors":"Maha F. Almelan, Uroba Khalid Abbas, Al-Zubidi M.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2827","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive bacterium inhabits the human and animal intestinal tracts and the environment. E. faecalis in addition to being implicated in a wide variety of infections in humans is considered the most common threat associated with recurrent root canal treatment failures. In this investigation we aimed to characterize E. faecalis strains isolated from chronic endodontic infection and evaluate the effect of a bacteriophage for its capability to eliminate E. faecalis biofilm formation. \u0000  \u0000Materials and Methods: This study involved 65 chronic endodontic infection samples which were studied for the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis. The identification of E. faecalis was accomplished by a combination of biochemical testing and the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Phages isolated from cow dung samples were purified and evaluated based on their capability of preventing the development of biofilms by Enterococcus faecalis on biotic surfaces. \u0000  \u0000Results: Of the 65 chronic endodontic infection samples studied nineteen tested positive for the presence of E. faecalis. E. faecalis strain K3 was found to be vancomycin resistant. Biofilm development on abiotic surfaces by E. faecalis strain K3 was shown to be greatly reduced after exposure to the enterococcal phage BAG1. \u0000  \u0000Conclusion: This investigation shows that the E. faecalis bacteriophage BAG1 significantly decreases the growth of E. faecalis biofilm on abiotic surfaces.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48912180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and serum glutathione-S-transferase with PAP smear as screening tests for cervical cancer","authors":"P. Sowkanthika, Maitreyee D. S., Joylene D’ Almeida, S. A. R., A. S. S., E. Premakumari, M. M.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2834","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Papanicolaou (PAP) smear has been the test of choice in screening for cervical cancer. However,  biochemical parameters such as enzymes have been analyzed for their use in screening,  diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer and cervical pre-malignancy. In our study we aimed to analyse serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Glutathione–S- transferase (GST) in screening for cervical cancer and correlate these activities with PAP smear results.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: Women who tested positive (cases) or negative (controls) for PAP smear were the subjects of this study, and activities of GGT and GST were assayed in serum samples. \u0000 \u0000Results: Serum GST was significantly lower among the cases when compared to controls (p=0.005) while serum GGT did not differ significantly between the two groups.  There was no significant correlation between GGT and GST activities both in cases and controls.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Serum GST showed statistically significant difference between newly diagnosed cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and women testing negative for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during screening. Further evaluation of serum enzymes as biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and prognosis, with larger sample size and comparison between healthy controls, cervical premalignant lesions and cervical cancer are required. This would go a long way in establishing enzymes as sensitive biomarkers of cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49457370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the hygiene of the oral cavity in children of primary school age in Kyrgyzstan using dental indices","authors":"Na Li, A. Nakenova, O. Bolbachan, D. Ibraimova","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2885","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dental caries is a significant public health issue, and its solution calls for a worldwide effort that is better coordinated and more visible. The assessment of hygiene indices enables us to collect information that is sufficiently illuminating for use in primary school students' caries prevention programs. \u0000Methods: There were 450 students total, 231 boys and 219 girls, ages 6 to 12, from school No. 1 in Lebedinovka, Chui, a rural town, and school No. 4 in Bishkek, an urban city. EGOHID-2005 was used to determine objective indicators, or dental examination data. Dental indices were used to measure the degree of hygienic knowledge, the state of oral hygiene, and the extent and severity of plaque. \u0000Results: It was determined that both urban and rural students had a good level of hygiene. However, in urban school No. 4, it was 1.4 times higher than in rural school No. 1, and vice versa, rural students were more likely to have a 2.2 times higher level of poor hygiene than urban students. \u0000Conclusion: As a result, the findings are characterized by a lack of hygienic knowledge and the unhygienic state of schoolchildren's oral cavities. \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imbalances in parathyroid hormones and few electrolytes in patients with renal failure","authors":"Aseel Ibrahim Suhael, Lana Nazar Abdul-Razzaq, Majid M. Mahmood","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2820","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Chronic kidney disease also referred as chronic renal disease is a condition in which there is a gradual loss of kidney function. End-stage renal failure (ESRD) is the final stage of the disease in which the kidneys cease to function, and the patient continues to depend on long-term dialysis. In this study we aimed to analyze the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH), electrolyte disturbances and vitamin D3 in ESRD patients and compare it to healthy individuals.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: 100 outpatients (ages 30-70 years) from Al-Diwaniyah General Hospital and 49 healthy participants (ages 35-65 years) were investigated between July and October 2022.\u0000 \u0000Results: A significant increase in PTH concentrations was observed in the ESRD group 275.16 ± 224.03 pg/ml) when compared to the healthy group (44.42 ± 19.26 pg/ml). Similarly, phosphate concentrations differed significantly between ESRD patients and the healthy group (1.52 ± 0.53 vs. 1.04 ± 0.15 mmol/L, respectively).\u0000A non-significant positive correlation was noticed between PTH and phosphate levels (p value = 0.068; r = 0.253). There was a significant (p-value 0.001) decrease in calcium levels between patients and healthy samples (2.06 ± 0.28 mmol/L vs. 2.36 ± 0.11, respectively), and a negative correlation (r = -0.536) between PTH and calcium levels. The vitamin D3 values showed no significant differences (p > 0.01), between ESRD patients and healthy subjects.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: A positive correlation existed between serum PTH and phosphate levels in patients with ESRD. Hence these parameters could be monitored on a regular basis to ensure appropriate dietary and medical treatments.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43093244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision medicine advancements in glioblastoma: A systematic review.","authors":"Karan Iyer, Shubham Saini, Suman Bhadra, Sohini Kulavi, Jaya Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.37796/2211-8039.1403","DOIUrl":"10.37796/2211-8039.1403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glioblastoma multiforme, commonly known as GBM or glioblastoma is a grade IV astrocytoma. Brain tumors are difficult to treat and lead to poor prognosis and survival in patients. Gliomas are categorized into four different grades among which GBM is the worst grade primary brain tumor with a survival of less than a year. The genomic heterogeneity of the brain tumor results in different profiles for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. Precision medicine focuses on this specific tumor type and suggests specialized treatment for better prognosis and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>With the recent advancements in Genome-Wide Studies (GWS) and various characterizations of brain tumors based on genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenetic, and metabolomics, this review discusses the advancements and opportunities of precision medicine therapeutics, drugs, and diagnosis methods based on the different profiles of glioblastoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review has exhaustively surveyed several pieces of works from various literature databases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is evident that most primary brain tumors including glioblastoma require specific and precision therapeutics for better prognosis and OS. In present and future, molecular understanding and discovering specific therapies are essential for treatment in the field of neurooncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of anti-retroviral therapy on baseline serum interleukin-18 levels in HIV-I infected patients relative to viral suppression and CD4+ gain: A prospective pilot study.","authors":"Olayemi Balogun, Bukhari I Shuaib, Abdulrasheed Usman, Aminu A Yusuf, Bolanle O P Musa, Obiako O Reginald, Aliyu A Babadoko","doi":"10.37796/2211-8039.1406","DOIUrl":"10.37796/2211-8039.1406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In HIV infection, dysregulation of cytokines, including interleukin 18 (IL-18), has been linked to poor clinical outcomes in studies mainly conducted in resource-rich countries. This phenomenon has not been well-studied in resource-limited settings where outcomes could be confounded by exposure to endemic infections and genetic factors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Therefore, the influence of immunological and virological status of HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients on serum IL-18 levels at baseline (pretreatment) and 24 weeks following initiation of combination ART (cART24) in a resource-limited setting was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the cross-sectional and longitudinal mixed method design, a total of Forty-four (44) newly diagnosed consenting HIV patients were consecutively recruited during routine clinic visits at the Nasara Treatment & Care Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Nigeria between December 2016 to January 2018, and followed up for 24 weeks on initiation of first-line cART.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum IL-18 concentrations, CD4+ T-cell counts (CD4+) counts, and HIV1 RNA levels <i>were determined at baseline and cART24. There was little CD4</i>+ <i>count gain in both</i> <200 and ≥ 200 cell/mm³subgroups despite the high proportion of subjects having virological suppression (n = 35, [80%]) at cART24. However, at cART24 there was a more than a threefold decrease in the level of IL-18 concentration compared to baseline in patients with <200 cells/mm³ and a significant decrease in the median plasma IL-18 concentration in patients with HIV1 RNA <1000 cp/mL at cART24. A multivariate logistic regression model shows IL-18 intermediate quartile to be more related to immunological poor gain as compared to the highest quartile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found high baseline and significantly low levels of IL-18 at cART24 in virologically suppressed subjects but not among virological non-suppressed responders despite comparable IL-18 levels by CD4+ T cell count strata at cART24. These findings have implications for risk stratification and treatment outcomes in HIV-positive persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47955662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radial arterial waves for chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-related myocardial damage identification in patients with breast cancer.","authors":"Chia-Ying Lee, Daniela Yunchin Yen, Mark C Hou, Ying-Ling Chen, Rong-Jen Shiau","doi":"10.37796/2211-8039.1390","DOIUrl":"10.37796/2211-8039.1390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for breast cancer cause side effects, such as cardiovascular changes, which can be monitored with echocardiography. However, more convenient methods are always encouraged. Radial arterial waves that are used to detect cardiovascular changes can be used to assist in confirming cardiovascular changes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This retrospective study aimed to analyze the frequency and time domains of the radial artery pulse wave in patients with breast cancer to understand its effectiveness in identifying cardiovascular changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with breast cancer were screened from the pulse examination records in Changhua Christian Hospital and divided into the treatment and remission groups. After unlinking the data, the pulse data were analyzed for the breast cancer treatment and remission group, including the average value of the parameters of four consecutive pulse diagnosis records in four consecutive months to test the difference in pulse waves due to breast cancer treatment between the two groups. Additionally, the pulse wave stability of the two groups was compared using the coefficient of variation.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The comparison of the pulse wave data between 19 patients in the treatment group and 40 patients in the remission group revealed 45 parameters in time and 50 in frequency domains. D3, ND3, NA1, and NT1 are the four parameters with significant differences (p < 0.05), which are all related to heart function, and mainly related to cardiac output and peripheral resistance, indicating that patients in the treatment period have poor heart function. No difference was found in the degree of data dispersion between the two groups. Cardiovascular side effects caused by breast cancer treatment can mainly be shown in the pulse wave time domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41953973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red cell distribution width, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and interleukin 10 are good prognostic markers in multiple myeloma.","authors":"Marwa M Seyam, Noha E Esheba, Manal A Eid, Mamdouh A Gabr","doi":"10.37796/2211-8039.1405","DOIUrl":"10.37796/2211-8039.1405","url":null,"abstract":"Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease so we need to continue developing new diagnostic and prognostic options for its management. There are multiple prognostic factors for MM, but most of them are costly and time consuming. Hence comes the urge to identify bed side and low cost prognostic tools, that is why this study was aiming to identify in Egyptian MM patients. Materials and methods The study was carried on 60 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and 20 age and sex matched healthy individuals as controls. Studied subjects were subdivided into two groups: Group I: 60 multiple myeloma patients which were subdivided into three subgroups: Stage I: 10 patients, Stage II: 17 patients, Stage III: 33 patients, Group II: 20 healthy controls. Results A progressive significant increase in IL-10, RDW, NLR, and beta2 microglobulin (β2M) with disease progression from stage I towards stage III as compared to the control group. However, IL-10, RDW, and NLR have the best prognostic efficiency value regarding to sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value when compared with β2M. Conclusions IL-10, RDW, and NLR are simple, easy and bedside tests (in the case of RDW, and NLR). They have high sensitivity and specificity when compared to β2M, which is a well-established prognostic factor that highlights the valuable role they play as prognostic markers in MM.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41637742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin induces autophagy of cisplatin-resistant human gastric cancer cells in addition to apoptosis.","authors":"Chih-Wun Fang, Jai-Sing Yang, Jo-Hua Chiang, Po-Chuen Shieh, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Chia-Wen Tsai, Wen-Shin Chang","doi":"10.37796/2211-8039.1408","DOIUrl":"10.37796/2211-8039.1408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metformin has been used to treat cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and mounting studies have shown that metformin can act alone or in synergy with other anticancer agents to achieve anti-cancer efficacies on various types of tumors. However, the role of metformin in either inducing autophagy and cisplatin-resistance of human gastric cancer (GC) cells has never been examined. The study has established a cisplatin-resistant GC cell line and investigated the effects of metformin on inducing autophagy on it. The results demonstrated that treatment with metformin can concentration-dependently suppress the cell viability and cell confluence of cisplatin-resistant GC cells, while having no effects on human primary stomach epithelial cells (HPSEC). For the first time, we found that metformin can significantly increase the acidic vesicular organelles (AVO) level and decrease the acridine orange (AO) level spontaneously in the cisplatin-resistant GC cells. Thus, we further checked the other markers, Atg5, Atg12 and LC3-II, which showed that metformin indeed induced autophagy in the cisplatin-resistant GC cells. In addition, treatment of 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) can significantly rescue the metformin-induced autophagy. At the same time, metformin can induce the alterations of apoptosis-associated signal molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7 activities. Overall, the pilot study provided evidence for metformin induced autophagy in addition to apoptosis, making it as an effective anticancer drug for the therapy of cisplatin-resistant GC. Killing the cisplatin-resistant GC cells with non-toxic metformin <i>via</i> both autophagy and apoptosis might extend its usefulness in our fighting with chemo-resistance of gastric cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43148627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}