{"title":"Assessment of the hygiene of the oral cavity in children of primary school age in Kyrgyzstan using dental indices","authors":"Na Li, A. Nakenova, O. Bolbachan, D. Ibraimova","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2885","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dental caries is a significant public health issue, and its solution calls for a worldwide effort that is better coordinated and more visible. The assessment of hygiene indices enables us to collect information that is sufficiently illuminating for use in primary school students' caries prevention programs. \u0000Methods: There were 450 students total, 231 boys and 219 girls, ages 6 to 12, from school No. 1 in Lebedinovka, Chui, a rural town, and school No. 4 in Bishkek, an urban city. EGOHID-2005 was used to determine objective indicators, or dental examination data. Dental indices were used to measure the degree of hygienic knowledge, the state of oral hygiene, and the extent and severity of plaque. \u0000Results: It was determined that both urban and rural students had a good level of hygiene. However, in urban school No. 4, it was 1.4 times higher than in rural school No. 1, and vice versa, rural students were more likely to have a 2.2 times higher level of poor hygiene than urban students. \u0000Conclusion: As a result, the findings are characterized by a lack of hygienic knowledge and the unhygienic state of schoolchildren's oral cavities. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of bacteriophage targeting Enterococcus faecalis isolated from root canal infection (in vitro study)","authors":"Maha F. Almelan, Uroba Khalid Abbas, Al-Zubidi M.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2827","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive bacterium inhabits the human and animal intestinal tracts and the environment. E. faecalis in addition to being implicated in a wide variety of infections in humans is considered the most common threat associated with recurrent root canal treatment failures. In this investigation we aimed to characterize E. faecalis strains isolated from chronic endodontic infection and evaluate the effect of a bacteriophage for its capability to eliminate E. faecalis biofilm formation. \u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: This study involved 65 chronic endodontic infection samples which were studied for the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis. The identification of E. faecalis was accomplished by a combination of biochemical testing and the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Phages isolated from cow dung samples were purified and evaluated based on their capability of preventing the development of biofilms by Enterococcus faecalis on biotic surfaces. \u0000 \u0000Results: Of the 65 chronic endodontic infection samples studied nineteen tested positive for the presence of E. faecalis. E. faecalis strain K3 was found to be vancomycin resistant. Biofilm development on abiotic surfaces by E. faecalis strain K3 was shown to be greatly reduced after exposure to the enterococcal phage BAG1. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: This investigation shows that the E. faecalis bacteriophage BAG1 significantly decreases the growth of E. faecalis biofilm on abiotic surfaces.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48912180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sowkanthika, Maitreyee D. S., Joylene D’ Almeida, S. A. R., A. S. S., E. Premakumari, M. M.
{"title":"Correlation of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and serum glutathione-S-transferase with PAP smear as screening tests for cervical cancer","authors":"P. Sowkanthika, Maitreyee D. S., Joylene D’ Almeida, S. A. R., A. S. S., E. Premakumari, M. M.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2834","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Papanicolaou (PAP) smear has been the test of choice in screening for cervical cancer. However, biochemical parameters such as enzymes have been analyzed for their use in screening, diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer and cervical pre-malignancy. In our study we aimed to analyse serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Glutathione–S- transferase (GST) in screening for cervical cancer and correlate these activities with PAP smear results.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: Women who tested positive (cases) or negative (controls) for PAP smear were the subjects of this study, and activities of GGT and GST were assayed in serum samples. \u0000 \u0000Results: Serum GST was significantly lower among the cases when compared to controls (p=0.005) while serum GGT did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was no significant correlation between GGT and GST activities both in cases and controls.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Serum GST showed statistically significant difference between newly diagnosed cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and women testing negative for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during screening. Further evaluation of serum enzymes as biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and prognosis, with larger sample size and comparison between healthy controls, cervical premalignant lesions and cervical cancer are required. This would go a long way in establishing enzymes as sensitive biomarkers of cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49457370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aseel Ibrahim Suhael, Lana Nazar Abdul-Razzaq, Majid M. Mahmood
{"title":"Imbalances in parathyroid hormones and few electrolytes in patients with renal failure","authors":"Aseel Ibrahim Suhael, Lana Nazar Abdul-Razzaq, Majid M. Mahmood","doi":"10.51248/.v43i3.2820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i3.2820","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Chronic kidney disease also referred as chronic renal disease is a condition in which there is a gradual loss of kidney function. End-stage renal failure (ESRD) is the final stage of the disease in which the kidneys cease to function, and the patient continues to depend on long-term dialysis. In this study we aimed to analyze the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH), electrolyte disturbances and vitamin D3 in ESRD patients and compare it to healthy individuals.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: 100 outpatients (ages 30-70 years) from Al-Diwaniyah General Hospital and 49 healthy participants (ages 35-65 years) were investigated between July and October 2022.\u0000 \u0000Results: A significant increase in PTH concentrations was observed in the ESRD group 275.16 ± 224.03 pg/ml) when compared to the healthy group (44.42 ± 19.26 pg/ml). Similarly, phosphate concentrations differed significantly between ESRD patients and the healthy group (1.52 ± 0.53 vs. 1.04 ± 0.15 mmol/L, respectively).\u0000A non-significant positive correlation was noticed between PTH and phosphate levels (p value = 0.068; r = 0.253). There was a significant (p-value 0.001) decrease in calcium levels between patients and healthy samples (2.06 ± 0.28 mmol/L vs. 2.36 ± 0.11, respectively), and a negative correlation (r = -0.536) between PTH and calcium levels. The vitamin D3 values showed no significant differences (p > 0.01), between ESRD patients and healthy subjects.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: A positive correlation existed between serum PTH and phosphate levels in patients with ESRD. Hence these parameters could be monitored on a regular basis to ensure appropriate dietary and medical treatments.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43093244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Idriss Saleh Jalil, S. Qassim Mohammad, Abdullah Khazal Mohsen, Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah Al-Rubaii
{"title":"Inhibitory activity of Mentha spicata oils on biofilms of Proteus mirabilis isolated from burns","authors":"Idriss Saleh Jalil, S. Qassim Mohammad, Abdullah Khazal Mohsen, Bahaa Abdullah Laftaah Al-Rubaii","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2699","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen, infecting humans, through the release of endotoxins and enzymes such as urease, hemolysin, protease, DNase etc. One of the factors contributing to its virulence is its unusual ability to form crystalline biofilms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Mentha spicata volatile oil on P. mirabilis biofilm formation.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: P. mirabilis was isolated from infected wound of burns of patients using conventional biochemical tests. Vitek 2-Compact System was used to confirm the diagnosis of bacterial isolates. The isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 11 antibiotics. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts as well as Volatile Oil and natural Menthol extracted from M. spicata were tested for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation by P. mirabilis.\u0000 \u0000Results: In this study 16 out of the 45 burn injury samples were tested positive for P. mirabilis. Bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to the drugs Levofloxacin and Norfloxacin, with percentages of 10.2% and 11.8%, respectively. Majority of these isolates had the capacity to produce several virulence factors, including biofilm in variable amounts and the enzymes protease, hemolysin, DNase, and gelatinase. The volatile oil and natural component menthol extracted from M. spicata inhibited the formation of biofilm at increasing concentrations.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The volatile oil and the natural menthol compound of M. spicata are effective in inhibiting biofilm formation by P. mirabilis.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47790325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Hameed Shahab, Suha Maher Abed, Maan Hasan Salih
{"title":"Molecular identification and detection of some virulence and antibiotic genes in Pantoea spp. isolated from clinical samples","authors":"Noor Hameed Shahab, Suha Maher Abed, Maan Hasan Salih","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2109","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Pantoea species, are Gram negative bacteria that belong to the family Erwiniaceae. These bacteria are opportunistic pathogens known to cause several clinical infections in humans. The purpose of current research was to study the prevalence and identification of Pantoea spp. based on 16S rRNA sequencing, as well as detect the presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in samples isolated from clinical cases.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: For the identification of Pantoea spp., DNA extracted from isolates were subjected to 16s rRNA amplification by PCR. Pantoea isolates were assessed for the presence of virulence (EsaI and ompA), and antibiotic (bacA, oqxB, qnrA, and ermB) genes using specific primers.\u0000 \u0000Results: Three new strains were recorded based on results of 16S rRNA sequencing. The virulence gene Esal was prevalent in all isolates (100%) tested while 15/16 (94%) of isolates had ompA genes. The antibiotic-resistant gene oqxB was found in all isolates (100%), followed by bacA (87.5%), qnrA (75%), and ermB (37%) genes.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Pantoea spp isolated from clinical samples were seen to harbor virulence as well as antimicrobial genes indicating the isolates to be pathogenic.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44838479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Shetty K, Nanjesh Kumar S., Shrisharath K., Chandrika Rao
{"title":"A study on anemia among the reproductive age group women using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit","authors":"J. Shetty K, Nanjesh Kumar S., Shrisharath K., Chandrika Rao","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2469","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Iron deficiency is the commonest nutritional disorder in the world. The common prevalent type of anemia is caused by nutritional factors, and it is particularly prevalent in women of childbearing age, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. Anemia is indicative of poor intake of nutrition and leads to ill health. The present study aims to estimate anemia among women of the childbearing age group at the field level using an RDT kit.\u0000 \u0000Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among reproductive age group women to estimate the hemoglobin using an RDT kit at the field level in the coastal area of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts.\u0000 \u0000Results: Out of 663 subjects, 17.3% participants were from the age group 35-39 and 40-44 years each. Based on the educational status, graduates and postgraduates accounted for 32.3%. Among the study subjects 63.34% were pregnant and lactating. 77.2% of the subjects were Hindus. Among the study subjects 59.57% had hemoglobin above 12 g/dl. 40.42% had <12 g/dl hemoglobin levels.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The Hemocue 301 RDT kit can be used at the field levels for the estimation of hemoglobin by gross route health care works.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45297328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vitamin D deficiency in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: its association with microvascular complications","authors":"Vishnumoorthy, Smitha S. Bhat","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.1360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.1360","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: A worldwide epidemic, type 2 diabetes affects 382 million people. Nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy are examples of microvascular consequences. According to estimates, 1 billion people, or close to 15% of the world's population, are vitamin D deficient. There is proof that inadequate vitamin D levels are linked to poor glycaemic management. However, there is a dearth of information from India on a potential connection between a vitamin D deficit and microvascular problems. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine if individuals with microvascular consequences of diabetes are more likely to suffer from vitamin D insufficiency.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 72 diabetic subjects availing the inpatient services of Father Muller Medical College Hospital. Diabetes was diagnosed as per American Diabetes Association guidelines. Subjects were examined for presence of neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy by nerve conduction study, urine protein creatinine ratio and fundus examination respectively. Serum vitamin D levels were assessed. Data was recorded and statistically analysed.\u0000 \u0000Results: Seventy-two patients fulfilling the selection criteria were recruited for this study. 77.8% of subjects had poorly controlled diabetes and 66.66% had vitamin D deficiency. 39 (54.16%) of subjects had microvascular complications of which 28 (38.8%) had neuropathy, 14 (19.4%) had retinopathy and 28 (38.9%) had nephropathy. 71% of patients with microvascular complications had vitamin D deficiency.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Poor glycemic control is strongly correlated with vitamin D insufficiency. Individuals who suffer from microvascular problems tend to have inadequate levels of vitamin D more frequently than people without such difficulties.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42088993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parishekh Jawahar, Menon P. Gopinath, Ashok T. R., S. Chokkalingam, Sashaank S. Srijay
{"title":"Osteochondral lesion of the talus: presentation and management - A case report","authors":"Parishekh Jawahar, Menon P. Gopinath, Ashok T. R., S. Chokkalingam, Sashaank S. Srijay","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.2551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2551","url":null,"abstract":"Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) involve the chondral and subchondral region typically. Most are secondary to trauma. The patients present with pain, stiffness, swelling. Diagnosis is made typically by clinical and radiological correlation. Treatment strategies employed can be conservative or surgical. This case report is of a 24-year-old male, who presented with pain on the right ankle ,for a chronic period following trauma. The patient was diagnosed with OLT and underwent surgical treatment (Right medial malleolus osteotomy +curettage of right talus + bone grafting + reconstruction of the medial malleolus). This case study is aimed at understanding the various treatment strategies for OLT, both surgical and non-surgical and thus arriving at a conclusion. Treatment of osteochondral lesions is mainly by early screening in high-risk patients (trauma). Although outcomes are favorable in most of the cases, treatment should be individualized to every patient with adequate counseling of outcomes and complications.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46748749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulekha S. Mary Princess, Reddy G. Dayanand, Muthuvel A.
{"title":"A safety profile of Siddha formulation Karisalai Chooranam in Wistar albino rats","authors":"Sulekha S. Mary Princess, Reddy G. Dayanand, Muthuvel A.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i02.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.394","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Karisalai Chooranam (KSC) is used in the traditional Siddha system of medicine for a long time to treat various ailments in the body. Its antistress and antioxidant properties were reported earlier. Investigating the acute and long-term toxicity of Karisalai Chooranam in Wistar albino rats was the goal of the current study.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: For the acute toxicity investigation, Wistar rats were divided into four groups. For fourteen days, the animals were monitored for behavioural changes and toxicological complaints. For ninety days, a total of four categories of animal groups like control, forty mg/kg body weight, two hundred mg/kg body weight and thousand mg/kg body weight were utilized in a long - term toxicity study. The samples of blood were taken on the final day of the trial for biochemical and haematological examination. Animals were sacrificed for monitoring gross necropsy changes and histopathological examination of the liver, kidney and brain.\u0000 \u0000Results: There was no morbidity or death observed in the acute toxicity trial. In the research of long - term toxicity. KSC's haematological and biochemical parameters during analysis did not exhibit any appreciable changes. All the three doses of KSC, the renal and brain histology displayed normal architecture. When the medicine was given to the forty milligram and two hundred milligram dosage groups of animals for 90 days, no toxicity symptoms were present in the case of organ liver. After the medicine was given for 90 days to the thousand milligram dosage group, toxic signs such as programmed and localized cell death became apparent.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Toxicity studies proved the safety of KSC in animal models. If KSC is utilized clinically as prescribed in literature, it will not cause any adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":51650,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine-Taiwan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42066723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}