Journal of Frailty & Aging最新文献

{"title":"Challenges in assessing muscle function within sarcopenia and intrinsic capacity frameworks.","authors":"D Azzolino, T Lucchi","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 4","pages":"100162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise to prevent falls in older adults with physical frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Poonam Mehta, Eduardo Caldas Costa, Leony Morgana Galliano, Lara Vlietstra, Bruno T Saragiotto, Eduardo Lusa Cadore, Mikel Izquierdo, Debra L Waters","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Physical frailty is associated with increased risk of falls. Although exercise mitigates age-related declines, evidence regarding its effects on falls in older adults with frailty is limited. This systematic review examined the effects of exercise on fall-related outcomes in older adults with frailty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL for randomised controlled trials published from 2001 (when the Fried frailty phenotype was introduced) to January 2024. Eligible studies included older adults with frailty and reported at least one of the following outcomes: i) physical function (gait speed, strength, balance), ii) fear of falling, or iii) falls incidence. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models, with results presented as weighted/standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies (n = 2719; mean age range 73-86 years) were included, most of which used the Fried frailty phenotype (n = 12) and were conducted in Europe (n = 6). Most interventions included multicomponent (n = 10) and resistance (n = 4) training. Exercise improved gait speed (MD 0.09 m/s, 0.02/0.15; I²=94%; n = 5), TUG (MD -3.73 s, -5.92/-1.55; I²=95%; n = 6), and 5-times sit-to-stand (MD -2.66 s, -4.19/-1.14; I²=77%; n = 4) over short-term period (≤12 weeks), with low-to-very low certainty evidence. A trend toward improved balance was also noted (SMD 2.80, -0.17/5.76; p = 0.06; I²=99%; n = 5), with very low certainty evidence. Limited data was observed for fear of falling (n = 1) and falls incidence (n = 2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exercise training enhances physical function in older adults with physical frailty. However, its impact on fear of falling and fall incidence remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Prospero registry: </strong>CRD42024502865.</p>","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 4","pages":"100187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the moderating role of age-friendly communities in the relationship between intrinsic capacity and functional ability.","authors":"Hongsai Zhang, Shuqin Xiao, Luqi Dong, Xian Ma, Weiyao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Maintaining functional ability (FA) is the core goal of healthy aging. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that FA is shaped by intrinsic capacity (IC) , the environment, and their interaction. However, this interaction remains underexplored. This study investigated the moderating role of age-friendly community environments in the IC-functional performance relationship among older adults to inform targeted environmental interventions for disability prevention and healthy aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and October 2024 using convenience sampling to recruit 256 older adults from three distinct community contexts in Beijing. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, including demographic and health-related variables, the WHO Intrinsic Capacity Instrument, and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. Hierarchical regression and moderation analyses were performed to examine the interactions between IC and age-friendly environments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 256 participants, 20.3% (n = 52) had IADL impairment. Age-friendly environments significantly mitigated the negative impact of declining IC on IADL (B = -0.284, P = 0.002), with housing showing the strongest overall effect (B = -0.281, P < 0.001). The buffering effect was most notable in individuals with low IC (B = -3.034, P = 0.010). Stratified results: (1) Low IC: housing (B = -1.913, P = 0.015) and social participation (B = -1.281, P = 0.024) were key; (2) Moderate IC: transportation (B=-0.191, P = 0.003) and social participation (B = -0.267, P = 0.013); (3) High IC: only social inclusion/health services worked (B = -0.576, P = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age-friendly community environments are crucial for maintaining functional performance, with varying effects depending on IC level, highlighting the importance of developing tailored and personalized supportive environments to promote healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 4","pages":"100186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypes of frailty and their mortality and disability implications.","authors":"Lorena Suárez Portugués, José A Carnicero, Alonso Sepúlveda Martínez, Fabio A Quiñónez Bareiro, Ana Alfaro Acha, Ignacio Ara, Leocadio Rodriguez Mañas, Francisco J García García","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty is a geriatric syndrome defined as increased vulnerability to stressors due to dysfunction in multiple physiological systems, measured by different tools.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess whether participants characterized as frail by multiple scales simultaneously have differentiated risks.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective population-based cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Community-dwelling adults from the first wave of The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging (TSHA), including a total of 1.563 participants with a mean age of 74.51 years. Frailty was assessed using three tools: the Frailty Index (FI), the Fried Phenotype, and the Frailty Trait Scale (FTS-5). Eight groups were defined based on the presence or absence of frailty according to these scales. Associations between frailty categories and outcomes were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for mortality and logistic regression models for incident and worsening disability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FTS-5 scale identified the highest number of frail participants, suggesting it may be the most sensitive tool for detecting early physiological changes related to aging. Risk of adverse events varied depending on the specific combination of frailty criteria met. Individuals classified as frail by both FTS-5 and FI exhibited the highest mortality risk, exceeding that of participants frail on all three scales. Regarding worsening health or disability, the highest risk was among those frails on all three scales, followed closely by the FTS-5-FI group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight variability in frailty assessment, showing that different instruments capture complementary aspects of frailty and that their combined use may improve risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 4","pages":"100164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From health literacy to capacity preservation: advancing the next step in midlife frailty prevention.","authors":"Sitti Johri Nasela, Zulfikar Peluw, Muhammad Taufan Umasugi","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 4","pages":"100182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing two common frailty measures in the resident assessment instrument in home care (RAI-HC): a cross-sectional cohort study in Alberta.","authors":"Jananee Rasiah, Andrea Gruneir, Jeffrey Poss, Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, Greta G Cummings","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many older adults living with frailty rely on publicly funded home care services; however, the health profile of home care clients in Alberta is not well characterized, particularly regarding how different frailty measures embedded within the Resident Assessment Instrument in Home Care (RAI-HC) classify frailty. We aimed to compare the Changes in Health, End-stage disease and Signs Scale (CHESS) and the 72-item Frailty Index (Full FI) in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using Alberta population-based administrative data linked to RAI-HC assessments for long-stay home care clients aged 65-104 years (N = 19,916) between 2015 and 2016. Various health and functional characteristics were summarized across robust, pre-frail, and frail groups as defined by CHESS and Full FI. Group differences were examined using chi-square tests, and agreement between measures was assessed using a weighted kappa statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Frailty prevalence differed markedly by measure: 27% were classified as frail using CHESS compared with 11% using the Full FI. Agreement between measures was fair (k = 0.31), reflecting their measurement of different constructs; acute health instability (CHESS) versus multidimensional deficit accumulation (Full FI).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differences in frailty classification underscore the conceptual distinctions between CHESS and the Full FI. The Full FI is feasible to derive from RAI-HC data and may better identify modifiable deficits relevant to care planning, while CHESS is more sensitive to acute deterioration. Using both measures together may enhance frailty identification, support tailored home care interventions, and improve resource allocation for older adults aging in place.</p>","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 4","pages":"100165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of intrinsic capacity impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Cameroon: A national cross-sectional study.","authors":"Thierry Roland Njille Ehawa, Gustave Mabiama, Marie-Josiane Ntsama Essomba, Christine Fernande Nyangono Biyegue, Maturin Tabue-Teguo, Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intrinsic capacity (IC) impairment among community-dwelling older adults in Cameroon, and to assess the applicability of ICOPE Step 1 cutoffs for nutrition and locomotion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A national cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2024 across the ten regions of Cameroon. A two-stage sampling method was used to include 597 older adults (≥ 60 years). IC was assessed using step 1 of the Integrated Care to Older People (ICOPE) screening tool. For validation, Step 1 vitality was compared against the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF), and Step 1 locomotion against the Rosow-Breslau disability score. Any impairment reported for one of the IC domains was considered as positive screening. A p-value < 0.05 was used to define statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 597 participants were included with a majority of women (54.9 %). The median age was 68 (interquartile range 63-73) years. Furthermore, validation analyses showed that impaired vitality at Step 1 had a sensitivity of 62.7 % and a specificity of 77.3 %. The PPV was 84.3 % and a significant agreement was found (K = 0.357; p < 0.001). Regarding locomotion, a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) in Rosow-Breslau mean scores was observed between participants with and without an alert (1.23 vs 2.19, respectively), validating the tool for physical disability screening in this context. Overall, 96.8 % had at least one impaired domain. Nineteen participants (3.2 %) had no impaired domain, while 61 (10.2 %) had impairment in one domain. A total of 134 participants (22.4 %) presented impairment in two domains and 162 (27.1 %) in three domains. Impairment in four domains was observed in 114 participants (19.1 %), whereas 80 participants (13.4 %) had five affected domains. The highest level of impairment, involving all six domains was found in 27 participants (4.5 %). The most frequently affected domains were locomotion (81.4 %), psychological well-being (73.4 %) and vision (60 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intrinsic capacity impairment is highly prevalent among older adults in Cameroon. Our findings support the validity and applicability of the ICOPE Step 1 tool for community-based screening, particularly for the vitality and locomotion domains. Integrating this tool into primary care could facilitate early identification of geriatric syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 4","pages":"100167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13316566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OLD DOG - Validating the dog as an animal model for human aging studies.","authors":"Polina Zemko, Federico Bonsembiante, Marco Canevelli, Simona Buscarnera, Matteo Cesari, Tommaso Banzato","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Companion dogs represent a valuable and emerging translational model for human aging, as they share the human environment, receive comparable medical care - yet have much shorter lifespans. Despite their potential, a validated set of canine biomarkers of aging has not yet been established. The OLD-DOG Project, launched in 2023 at the University of Padua's Veterinary Teaching Hospital, is a 30-month prospective study designed to identify and validate biomarkers of aging in companion dogs and to assess their predictive value for healthspan and lifespan, thereby evaluating the suitability of dogs as models for human aging research. A cohort of 209 privately owned dogs aged  ≥ 5 years was enrolled and underwent comprehensive evaluations every six months, including clinical examinations, physical fitness testing, blood and fecal sampling, and owner questionnaires. Collected data encompass physiological, biochemical, hematological, and behavioral parameters, as well as microbiota profiles, telomere length, and DNA methylation patterns. Surplus biological material is stored to establish a long-term biobank. Preliminary cross-sectional analyses have identified consistent age-related patterns across multiple domains, including hematological and biochemical indices, inflammatory markers, and measures of physical and cognitive performance. Ongoing longitudinal analyses aim to determine the predictive value of these candidate biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, as well as to assess the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors on aging trajectories. Ultimately, the project seeks to construct an integrative model of biological age in dogs, thereby strengthening their value as a robust translational model for human aging research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 3","pages":"100145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147491695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicare costs and home time loss among fee-for-service beneficiaries by frailty and dementia status.","authors":"Stephanie Denise M Sison, Lily Zhong, Gahee Oh, Sandra M Shi, Chan Mi Park, Brianne Olivieri-Mui, Ellen P McCarthy, Dae Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty and dementia are associated with adverse health outcomes. Understanding their associated healthcare costs and quality of life can inform care of older adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess Medicare costs and home time loss among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries across different combinations of frailty and dementia status RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study SUBJECTS: 5% random sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 and older in 2019 MEASURES: Frailty and dementia were measured using validated claims-based algorithms. Annualized Medicare costs and home time loss (days) were measured in Medicare claims over one year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,148,964 Medicare beneficiaries (mean age 75.2 years, 57.7% female), 10.0% had frailty and 4.0% had dementia. Medicare costs increased with frailty severity. Dementia's association with costs varied by frailty level: higher costs among those without frailty (dementia vs. no dementia: $14,058.1 vs. $12,342.2 and lower costs among those with mild ($24,080.4 vs. $35,166.4) and moderate-severe frailty ($38,446.5 vs. $54,344.3). Both frailty and dementia were associated with greater home time loss, except among those with moderate-to-severe frailty in which home time loss was nearly identical with or without dementia (57.1 vs. 57.2 days).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medicare costs and home time loss increased with the severity of frailty while dementia's association with cost and home time loss varied by frailty level. Among those with moderate-severe frailty, individuals without dementia incurred higher costs despite similar home time. These findings underscore the importance of improved frailty recognition and care strategies addressing both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 3","pages":"100149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13224347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between frailty, biomarkers of cerebral pathology, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms: a memory clinic study.","authors":"Victor Gilles, Anthime Flaus, Achille Teillac, Marc Verny, Frédéric Blanc, Marc Paccalin, Thomas Desmidt, Sandrine Louchart de la Chapelle, Constance Dumay, Mathilde Sauvée, Sylvain Lehmann, Christophe Hirtz, François Cotton, Anthony Bathsavanis, Frédéric Gervais, Teddy Novais, Virginie Desestret, Nawele Boublay, Pierre Krolak-Salmon, Sophie Dautricourt, Antoine Garnier-Crussard","doi":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty is a prevalent condition among older adults with neurocognitive disorders.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To ascertain whether frailty contributes to the severity of cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and its association with cerebral pathology measured in vivo by fluid and imaging biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses based on CLEM Study, a multicentre memory-clinic cohort that recruited participants between 2014 and 2018.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>CLEM Study occurred in eight memory centres in France (Lyon, Paris, Strasbourg, Poitiers, Tours, Grenoble) and Monaco.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 168 participants (mean age 80.5 ± 4.8 years) with mild to moderate dementia due to at least one aetiological diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies or vascular dementia were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The participants were evaluated at baseline and followed up for two years. The concept of frailty was operationalised using a 45-item Frailty Index. Cognition was assessed using the ADAS-cog scale, while neuropsychiatric symptoms were evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. The cerebral pathological score, a proxy for brain pathologies, was a composite score based on the presence of several in vivo biomarkers: presynaptic dopaminergic denervation on ¹²³I-FP-CIT SPECT (DaTscan®), vascular lesions on MRI, elevated blood-based pTau181, neurofilaments light-chain or glial fibrillary acid protein. Linear and mixed regression analyses were conducted to model the relationships between cognitive or neuropsychiatric symptoms, frailty and cerebral pathologic score, adjusted for age, sex and education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate an impact of both frailty (β = 0.28, 95 % CI [0.14-0.43], p < 0.001) and cerebral pathological score (β = 0.30, 95 % CI [0.13-0.47], p = 0.002) on cognitive impairment. However, only frailty was associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (β = 0.28, 95 % CI [0.14-0.43], p < 0.001), particularly with apathy (β = 0.40, 95 % CI [0.26-0.53], p < 0.001). We found an association between cerebral pathological score and longitudinal cognitive decline (β = 0.36, 95 % CI [0.19-0.53], p < 0.001) in exploratory analyses with available longitudinal data at 24 months (n = 74).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neurocognitive disorders are complex entities, where cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms are not fully influenced by the same factors. When cognitive symptoms seem more driven by cerebral pathology than frailty, neuropsychiatric symptoms appear to be more influenced by general state of frailty. Measuring and treating frailty might be a key factor in dealing with neuropsychiatric symptoms and their consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":51629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Frailty & Aging","volume":"15 3","pages":"100148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}