{"title":"Collection: Non-photoperiodic actions of melatonin.","authors":"Jose Alfonso Abecia, Graeme Martin","doi":"10.1071/RD26027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/RD26027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blurb: This collection in Reproduction, Fertility and Development addresses a developing area of melatonin biology. Historically, melatonin has been seen as a pineal hormone that plays one essential role - the synchronisation of reproductive and other brain-controlled functions with changes in photoperiod. Often driven by the detection of melatonin receptors in non-brain tissues, it has become clear that melatonin plays a much wider variety of roles in the function of the testis, sperm, ovary, follicles, oocyte, embryo, placenta, fetus, and mammary gland. This collection presents this broader view of melatonin biology, and how the new concepts can be applied to livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When less really is more: reducing embryo manipulation to lower metabolic stress and improving long term outcomes.","authors":"Paolo Rinaudo, Rhodel Simbulan","doi":"10.1071/RD25163","DOIUrl":"10.1071/RD25163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to treat human infertility has increased exponentially in recent years. In addition to improved access to care for infertile patients, there is a significant increase in ART utilization in individuals without infertility, who electively chose to freeze their gametes and embryos for future use. Importantly, the number of procedures performed on eggs (egg freezing and thawing, increase in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) utilization) and embryo (embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), freezing and thawing) has also increased over time. Here we review the laboratory animal evidence indicating how an increase in the number of procedures performed may be associated with increase in embryonic stress, altered in utero growth and possible neonatal and long-term consequences. These data suggest that minimizing the number of gamete and embryo procedures to the minimum required is a wise approach, while waiting for human data to provide further guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the potential of prepubertal oocytes: a small ruminant model.","authors":"Maria-Teresa Paramio, Mònica Ferrer-Roda, Dolors Izquierdo, Teresa Mogas","doi":"10.1071/RD25155","DOIUrl":"10.1071/RD25155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Juvenile in vitro embryo transfer (JIVET) employs oocytes from prepubertal females to reduce generation intervals. In human, it offers potential applications for fertility preservation in young cancer patients. Ruminant animals are good models for human research because of similar follicular dynamics and oocyte competence. Several studies have shown low embryo development of prepubertal oocytes. However, oocytes from follicles larger than 3 mm can develop into blastocysts at rates comparable to oocytes from adults. This review analyzes biomarkers of oocytes as a function of follicle size (larger or smaller than 3 mm). Follicular fluid from prepubertal females contains lower levels of n-3 fatty acids than that of adults; expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) receptor in cumulus cells is higher in large than small follicles; the condensed germinal vesicle (GV) configuration is similar in prepubertal females to the adult ones, and prepubertal large follicles and oocytes are more susceptible to oxidative stress than adult ones. In vitro maturation (IVM) strategies have been investigated: capacitation IVM (CAPA-IVM) increases EGF receptor expression and promotes GV compaction; supplementation with bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) increases EGF receptor expression; and addition of antioxidants to IVM is essential. In conclusion, oocyte competence seems to be more related to follicular state than to female age, highlighting the importance of follicular selection and optimization of IVM conditions for improving JIVET outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From reservoir to rendezvous: the journey of sperm through the oviduct.","authors":"David J Miller","doi":"10.1071/RD25172","DOIUrl":"10.1071/RD25172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Once viewed simply as a pipeline connecting the ovary and uterus where fertilization and early development occur, the oviduct is becoming more appreciated for its complex functions. The utero-tubal junction (UTJ) restricts the entry of sperm to those meeting specific morphological and molecular requirements. Once sperm passes the UTJ, the isthmus functions as a storage reservoir, retaining sperm before fertilization and prolonging their lifespan, allowing for more asynchrony between sperm deposition and ovulation. Some mammals, such as bats, store sperm for months, but a few days of storage is more common among most species. In the isthmus, some sperm adhere to the oviduct epithelium whereas others are free and moving. Some of the adherent sperm detach from oviduct cells and move to the ampulla, relying on a complex interplay that brings a limited number of sperm to rendezvous with oocytes. Thus, the oviduct is responsible for sperm selection, storage, transport, maturation, and fertilization. Focused primarily on mammals, this review discusses the mechanisms underpinning each of these steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Chen, Yassin Kassim, Xu Xu, Xiaolin He, Haiwei Lin, Yanna Dang, Yan Shi, Huanan Wang, Shaohua Wang, Kun Zhang
{"title":"Gene editing and multi-omics approaches to study early embryogenesis in cattle.","authors":"Chen Chen, Yassin Kassim, Xu Xu, Xiaolin He, Haiwei Lin, Yanna Dang, Yan Shi, Huanan Wang, Shaohua Wang, Kun Zhang","doi":"10.1071/RD25167","DOIUrl":"10.1071/RD25167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in multi-omics profiling and targeted molecular functional tools have led to significant progress in our understanding of early embryonic development in mammals. This is very relevant in the beef and dairy industries for exploring the etiology of early embryo loss. This review highlights how state-of-the-art single-cell and integrative low-input omics technologies, including single-cell RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, metabolomics, and proteomics, have uncovered complex developmental dynamics during the first week of bovine embryogenesis. This review also provides a concurrent overview of the application of functional tools, including CRISPR-Cas9, RNA editing, base editing, and Trim-Away, in the analysis of critical genes/proteins during the various stages of early embryo development in cattle. The integration of high-dimensional molecular profiling with targeted manipulations enables researchers to analyze key developmental events with unparalleled resolution. It is evident that these approaches provide a more comprehensive mechanistic depiction of early embryogenesis, thereby informing translational efforts in improving bovine fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterospermic semen: implications for managing bull-to-bull variation in fertility.","authors":"Rúben Miguel Santos, Sean Fair","doi":"10.1071/RD25157","DOIUrl":"10.1071/RD25157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterospermic (HS) bull semen involves mixing the semen from two or more sires in the same semen straw. It has the potential to protect against sub-fertile bulls which pass semen quality control checks, due to the presence of sperm from other males in the same straw. Previous studies suggest that its use could increase conception rates due to a more heterogeneous population of sperm in the female reproductive tract. Despite increasing use of HS semen in the recent years, driven mainly by the introduction of sex-sorted semen and increased usage of HS beef semen on dairy cows, few studies have focused on the physiological mechanisms underpinning its fertility. This review aims to summarize the existing studies on HS bull semen, present hypotheses for its potential role in sperm interaction with the female reproductive tract, introduce the topic of HS sex-sorted semen and, finally, discuss the challenges for the large-scale production and implementation of this product in breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eckhard Wolf, Asghar Ali, Michaela Blasi, Andreas Blutke, Cornelia A Deeg, Thomas Fröhlich, Arne Hinrichs, Hristiyan Hristov, Florian Jaudas, Elisabeth Kemter, Barbara Keßler, Nikolai Klymiuk, Mayuko Kurome, Kaspar Matiasek, Hiroshi Nagashima, Simone Renner, Valeri Zakhartchenko
{"title":"Translational pig models for human diseases.","authors":"Eckhard Wolf, Asghar Ali, Michaela Blasi, Andreas Blutke, Cornelia A Deeg, Thomas Fröhlich, Arne Hinrichs, Hristiyan Hristov, Florian Jaudas, Elisabeth Kemter, Barbara Keßler, Nikolai Klymiuk, Mayuko Kurome, Kaspar Matiasek, Hiroshi Nagashima, Simone Renner, Valeri Zakhartchenko","doi":"10.1071/RD25164","DOIUrl":"10.1071/RD25164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The translation of novel discoveries in biomedical research into clinical applications is a lengthy and resource-intensive process, with variable success. Predictive model organisms for non-clinical research are a key asset in this process. Rodents remain the most widely used models, but they have limitations in recapitulating human pathophysiology and disease phenotypes. Over the past two decades, pigs have played an increasingly important role in bridging this translational gap. Given their close anatomical and physiological similarity to humans, most vividly illustrated by successful pig-to-human organ xenotransplantation, pigs provide unparalleled advantages for translational research. Advances in genetic engineering now allow the precise recreation of human disease mechanisms in pigs, generating tailored large-animal models with exceptional clinical relevance. This review highlights the potential of genetically modified pig models for human diseases, with a focus on metabolic disorders and rare monogenic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, and Laron syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synchronized breeding and reproductive resilience in dairy cattle: mitigating metritis, heat stress, and transgenerational fertility impairment.","authors":"F S Lima","doi":"10.1071/RD25175","DOIUrl":"10.1071/RD25175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress profoundly compromises reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle by disrupting follicular and oocyte development, altering steroid hormone profiles, impairing estrous expression and ovulation, reducing fertilization success, hindering embryonic development, and increasing early embryonic loss. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying these disruptions remain incompletely understood, significant advances in reproductive technologies have been developed to mitigate the negative impact of heat stress on reproductive performance. Estrous cycle synchronization programs, enabling timed artificial insemination (AI), emerged in the mid-1990s and reduced heat stress-related reproductive inefficiencies by eliminating the need for estrus detection, improving submission rates, and optimizing the ovulation-to-insemination interval, thereby enhancing pregnancy rates per AI. Embryo transfer (ET) has been adopted as a complementary strategy to bypass fertilization failure during hot periods, whereas genetic selection, most notably the introgression of the SLICK-1 allele of the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR), confers thermotolerance via a sleek hair coat and improved heat dissipation. Nevertheless, heat stress also exacerbates common postpartum disorders such as metritis, which negatively affect fertility regardless of AI, ET, or thermotolerant genotypes, underscoring the importance of preventive herd-health management. Furthermore, exposure to heat stress during fetal development imposes transgenerational consequences, diminishing the health, productivity, longevity, and fertility of subsequent generations. This review evaluates current and emerging technologies, including timed AI, ET, genetic selection for thermotolerance and reproductive resilience, and preventive approaches to postpartum disease, while also addressing strategies to mitigate the transgenerational impairments induced by heat stress in dairy cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"External factors influencing reproductive tract microbiota in cattle.","authors":"Rebecca K Poole","doi":"10.1071/RD25165","DOIUrl":"10.1071/RD25165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically, bacteria identified within the reproductive tract of cattle using culture-based techniques were associated with disease. Indeed, bacterial genera including Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas identified by sequencing technology within the reproductive tract are indicative of the development of postpartum reproductive diseases including metritis and clinical endometritis. However, alongside culture-based methods and disease diagnosis, recent sequencing technology and bioinformatic analyses have also expanded our understanding of normal, healthy reproductive tract microbiota in cattle. Recent evidence suggests that microbiota in the reproductive tract may also play a vital role in fertility. Therefore, this review highlights our current understanding of microbiota in reproductive tissues such as the vagina, cervix, uterus, and placenta in cattle as well as describes factors such as estrous synchronization/hormonal influence, heat stress, and diet/nutritional status on shifting the composition of the reproductive tract microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N Martínez de Los Reyes, A Siegmund-Sabater, I Flores-Borobia, L González-Brusi, A Salvo-Jiménez, P Marigorta, P Bermejo-Álvarez, P Ramos-Ibeas
{"title":"Extended embryo culture: illuminating a black box of early development in ruminants.","authors":"N Martínez de Los Reyes, A Siegmund-Sabater, I Flores-Borobia, L González-Brusi, A Salvo-Jiménez, P Marigorta, P Bermejo-Álvarez, P Ramos-Ibeas","doi":"10.1071/RD25156","DOIUrl":"10.1071/RD25156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy losses due to early embryonic mortality remain a major concern in farm ungulates, including cattle, sheep, pigs and goats. The majority of these losses occur during conceptus elongation, a developmental phase unique to ungulates that follows blastocyst hatching. This stage entails complex cell differentiation, proliferation and migration processes, leading to a rapid expansion of the extraembryonic membranes (EEMs), namely the trophoblast and the hypoblast, and the formation of the embryonic disc (ED) from the epiblast. Despite its biological and economic relevance, the molecular mechanisms regulating embryo development beyond the blastocyst stage, particularly those governing the ED formation, remain poorly understood. Fortunately, recent advances in extended culture systems are enabling the study of these processes entirely in vitro, reducing the need for experimental animals. In this review, we highlight key interspecies differences in early embryogenesis across mammalian species. We discuss the progression and refinement of extended embryo culture systems, from early pioneering efforts to the latest advances, with a specific focus on ruminant species, including cow and sheep. Lastly, we review recent functional studies leveraging extended embryo culture systems in ruminants to elucidate the molecular pathways controlling post-hatching development.</p>","PeriodicalId":516117,"journal":{"name":"Reproduction, fertility, and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}