Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija最新文献

{"title":"Biden’s U.S. Foreign Policy in Central Asia: Military-Political Aspect","authors":"Liudmila Reshetnikova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article examines the military-political aspect of the U.S. foreign policy of the Biden administration in the Central Asian region. Despite the withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan in 2021, the role and international significance of Central Asia, as an area of competing interests of great powers, continue to be relevant for the United States. The strategic importance of Central Asia is determined by its natural resources and significant position in the structure of regional security in Eurasia. Methods and materials. The theory of regional complexes by B. Buzan and O. Waever is the conceptual basis of the article, in which threats of a geostrategic, military-political, and regional-economic nature determine the contours of modern security in Central Asia. Discourse analysis and quantitative data from international political indices made it possible to understand the priorities of U.S. foreign policy in the 2020s. Analysis. After the events of September 11, 2001, the United States attached optimal importance to the Central Asian region, whose states provided assistance to international forces and contributed to the anti-terrorist operation in Afghanistan. In the 2010s, the organization of the C5+1 format marked a new stage in U.S. policy towards Central Asia. The military-political aspect of bilateral contacts in the 2020s was outlined in the “US Strategy for Central Asia 2019–2025: Strengthening Sovereignty and Economic Prosperity.” Within the framework of this document, foreign policy approaches to cooperation to ensure regional security in Central Asia were determined. Results. Based on the analysis of quantitative data, it can be argued that the principles of cooperation between the United States and the states of Central Asia are preserved. Military-political cooperation is focused on reducing terrorist threats in Central Asia and is implemented through mechanisms for strengthening security services to protect national borders, as well as foreign military sales, military financing, and education programs. The foreign policy strategy of the Biden administration is built on the priorities of implementing economic cooperation programs as opposed to the military-political aspect of bilateral relations.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pomeranian Campaign (1712–1713): Reconnaissance and Sabotage Activities of the Russian Army","authors":"S. Ivanyuk","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. During the Great Northern War, the Russian army conducted many military campaigns in various theaters of combat operations. Many research papers have been devoted to the study of these events, but the events in Northern Germany (1712–1713) were not sufficiently disclosed. The article, with the involvement of sources on the history of the so-called “Pomeranian campaign,” including those not yet introduced into scientific circulation, reveals the features of conducting intelligence and sabotage activities of the army of Peter I in the conditions of a small war. Мaterials. The research is based on both published documents and those stored in archives, which allow us to restore the chronology of events and the methods of conducting intelligence and sabotage activities of the Petrovsky troops. Analysis. A comparison of the documentary evidence of the participants of the Pomeranian campaign, as well as research by Danish military historians, made it possible to determine the main methods of conducting reconnaissance and sabotage activities of Peter I’s troops in this theater of operations and to build a chronology of the events of the period 1712–1713, as well as the place and role of tactical intelligence assessment in the overall course of the campaign. Results. Despite the conditionally zero result of the Russian army, it was possible to achieve several significant results in Pomerania, in which the reconnaissance and sabotage activities of its troops played an important role, with the ability to expect the actions of the enemy and to stop threats from his side. Methods and materials. The basis of the source base was made up of documents stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, as well as published materials: correspondence between the Most Serene Prince and Peter I, heads of offices and contractors, as well as notes and diaries of eyewitnesses. The study of published and archival sources and the analysis and comparison of the information contained in them make it possible to reveal the role of St. Petersburg governor A.D. Menshikov in the creation of a regularly built-up port city. Analysis. Before the laying of the Kronstadt fortress on October 7, 1723, the settlement on Kotlin had no name. The first stone houses on the southern coast of the island were erected by the forces of the provinces; therefore, they were called “provincial.” After the start of the second regional reform, the completion of the provincial houses was entrusted to Senator M.M. Samarin. The construction of all stone buildings Peter I entrusted to A.D. Menshikov. In 1720, the Office of the Construction of Kotlin Stone Houses was created to conduct work. In connection with the beginning of the construction of the canal (the future Petrovsky Dock), the wooden residential buildings and outbuildings located near the seacoast were demolished or moved inland. At the beginning of 1724, the stone houses in the “bracket” – the sea gates of Kronstadt – were tran","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voices From the Ground: Korean and Vietnamese Women in Wartime","authors":"Luong Thi Hong","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. During the Cold War, Korea and Vietnam were considered “hot spots” of the confrontation between superpowers. Therefore, it is well known among academia that these clashes were fueled by military and political views. Moreover, the Korean and Vietnamese men’s military service for special operations is well known among academia, and the image of Korean and Vietnamese women appears indistinctly in historical sources. Methods and materials. While most histories of the Vietnam War and the Korean War have tended to describe Vietnamese and Korean women merely as tragic victims, prostitutes, or patriotic heroines, this article reveals far more complex and colourful accounts of why they joined the armed forces and what kinds of personal and emotional feelings they had during the wars. In the process of studying this issue, the author uses original historical records (writings, reports, correspondences, diaries, etc.) recorded by ordinary people who witnessed and experienced the Vietnam War and the Korean War. The author combines two main research methods of historical science (historical method and logical method) with other research methods (system, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) to clarify the article’s contents. Analysis and results. This paper challenges the conventional understanding of the Cold War as a confrontation between the two superpowers. The article aims to decentralise perspectives on the Cold War by exploring the experiences and memories of ordinary people who witnessed and experienced various kinds of wars. The work revitalises the everyday lives of women in Korea and Vietnam – the potential flashpoints in the Cold War. Working for peace remained their primary motivation, but some women might believe that conducting female duties in wars was a way to get higher social status and equal gender. In doing so, the paper contributes to a reconsideration of the Cold War narratives through the experiences of many wartime participants.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"15 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“...During the War Years, His Famous ‘Akmolinka 1’ Fed Hundreds of Thousands of People With Bread”: Scientist from Leningrad in Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"Arailym Mussagaliyeva, Roza Mussabekova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Based on the new archival documents of the State Archives of Akmola region, the article examines the activities of the famous breeder and exiled scientist of the All-Union Institute of Plant Industry, Doctor of Sciences (Agriculture), Valentin Kuzmin, during the Great Patriotic War. Solving food problems in Northern Kazakhstan was very relevant, and it had been on the agenda for a long time. During the Great Patriotic War, this region remained deep in the rear. Breeder V. Kuzmin and other employees of the Shortandy Agricultural Experimental Station in wartime strove to speed up breeding and research work and create new, resistant varieties for the Kazakh steppe. During these years, V. Kuzmin provided the whole of Northern Kazakhstan with new varieties of agricultural crops, as well as other regions of the republic. At the station, soft and durum wheat varieties were bred, as well as varieties of potatoes, sunflowers, millet, poppy, lentils, chickpeas, and peas that were productive and resistant to growing in steppe areas. Methods and materials. Used documents of the State Archives of Akmola region, previously not introduced scientific turnover. In the course of the study, the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and consistency were used. Analysis. The article describes in detail a widely used new wheat variety, resistant to the steppe zone of Akmolinka 1, produced by V. Kuzmin. This variety was known throughout Kazakhstan; in the literal sense of the word, it saved the people from famine. People, in gratitude, still remember and talk about it. And also, an important role in the war years was played by several varieties of potatoes, which were useful in their qualities, and it was they who provided the population of Kazakhstan with the most important food product during the war. The work carried out by the scientist Kuzmin shows his greatest contribution to saving people from hunger during the harsh years of the war. Results. In the course of the study, on the basis of new statistical data, we were able to present the crops of the Akmola region and other regions of the republic with selections of varieties from the Shortandy agricultural experimental station. And also, a short excursion was conducted on the results of selection work in the post-war years. Particular attention is paid to the zoning of various crops and obtaining copyright certificates and other awards for breeding new varieties of grain and oilseeds by the breeder V. Kuzmin. Authors’ contribution. A.S. Mussagaliyeva carried out the general management of the study, formulated the main results, and edited the final text; R.M. Mussabekova performed the interpretation of sources, a literature review, and wrote the text of the article.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cossacks’ Involvement in Armed Conflicts in the 20th – Early 21st Centuries: To the Question of the Specifics of the Cossacks as a Modern Military Force","authors":"O. Rvacheva","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. As a result of the renaissance process in Russia at the end of the 20th century, the Cossacks became active actors in political, social, and economic processes. Positioning themselves as warriors and defenders of the Fatherland, the Cossacks also joined the foreign policy processes taking place in the post-Soviet space and in Eastern Europe. The motives and formats of this participation are clarified in this article. Methods and materials. The historiography of the topic is small due to its poor knowledge. The historiography of the topic is small due to its poor knowledge. The main sources were the memoirs of participants and contemporaries of the events, materials from information and analytical websites, and Telegram channels of Cossack societies. Analysis. The participation of the Cossacks in several of the largest military-political conflicts of the post-Soviet space is considered: Transnistrian (1991–1992), Georgian-Abkhazian (1992), Georgian-South Ossetian (2008), events in Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, in Donbas and Crimea in 2014, as well as in special military operations. The motives of the Cossacks are revealed, and changes in the number and organization of their participation in these events are determined. Results. The voluntary nature of the Cossacks’ participation in military and political conflicts has been determined. The main motive of the 1990s was to help the brothers (Cossacks, Slavs, and Orthodox Christians). In the 2000s and early 2020s, the main motive was to protect the country’s security. During this period, the number of volunteer Cossacks increased significantly, and they became more organized and openly supported by the state.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Questionnaires of the Society for Assistance to Victims of Intervention on Crimes Committed Near Tsaritsyn in 1918 as a Historical Source","authors":"M. Shumakov","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article examines the activities of the Society for Assistance to Victims of Intervention in 1918 in Tsaritsyn and the surrounding regions. The question of the creation of Society and the purposes of its work is briefly considered. This is a Soviet public organization created to identify the negative consequences of intervention and substantiate the counter-claims of the USSR to capitalist countries. As part of their activities, representatives of the society interviewed victims of the actions of the interventionists, white armies, and other opponents of Soviet power. Methods and materials. The publication presents the results of the study of questionnaires that were collected in the specified chronological and geographical framework and were deposited in the GA of the Russian Federation. Analysis. The structure of the article corresponds to the structure of the society questionnaires. First, information about the social composition of the surveyed citizens is presented. Then the issue of persons responsible for causing damage was considered (based on information from the column “circumstances of the damage suffered”). There is information here about both specific commanders and military formations. After that, the places where the cases of material and physical damage have the greatest density are determined. The circumstances of causing damage to citizens in the village of Mikhailovka, on the farm Kalach, etc. are considered in detail. The circumstances that caused the damage to the population and the evidence presented by the applicants in support of their words are also considered separately. Finally, questions were raised about the legal procedure that accompanied the collection of questionnaires and their acceptance into work, about the processing of questionnaires on the Society Board, and about the statistical data collected by Society employees in the vicinity of Tsaritsyn in 1918. Results. The article reveals the nature of the work of the Society for Assistance to Victims of the Revolution, using the example of the South of Russia. The study of this issue will allow us to look at the Civil War from the perspective of an ordinary member of society and supplement the plots developed in historiography (such as the defense of Tsaritsyn, etc.) with new information.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Authorized Staff of the Polish Army in Kustanay Region...”: To the History of the Formation of General Anders’ Army in Kazakhstan During the Second World War","authors":"Dmitriy Legkiy, Alexander Logvinchuk","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. While the history of the deportation of Poles to the territory of the Kazakh SSR is a well-known fact, the fate of the “administratively exiled families of the repressed from the Western regions of Ukraine and Belarus” in the Kustanay region, the male population of which was included in the Polish military units (including the formation of the General Anders’ Polish Army in late 1941 – early 1942 in Kustanay with a focus on the Polish emigrant government in London), remained out of the field of view of researchers. This article will address this gap. Methods and materials. The work was prepared on the basis of declassified materials from the funds of the state archives of Kazakhstan and Ukraine, the memories of Polish citizens, and direct witnesses of the war. Analysis. The article proves that many deported Polish citizens (including former servicemen) were drafted in the winter of 1941–1942 into the army of General W. Anders. The activities of the representative office of the “headquarters of the Polish Army in the USSR” on the territory of the Kazakh SSR were carried out under the strict control of the republican and local bodies of Soviet power. Results. The materials of the article reveal unknown pages in the history of the formation of the army of General W. Anders in Kazakhstan at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War and will clarify the results of Soviet-Polish cooperation during the Great Patriotic War. Authors’ contribution. D. Legkiy studied the corpus of declassified documents in the state archives of Kazakhstan and Ukraine, corresponded with Polish citizens, direct witnesses of the wartime, showed changes in Soviet-Polish relations at the beginning of Second World War and then the Great Patriotic War, showed the inconsistency of the policy of the Soviet authorities in relation to the representation of the Polish army in the USSR, and appreciated the result of the formation of Polish military formations in the territory of the Kustanay region of the Kazakh SSR. A. Logvinchuk analyzed the historiography of the issue, highlighted the course of mobilization of persons of Polish nationality into the ranks of the General Anders’s army, studied the personal files of representatives of the Polish army in the city of Kustanay and reconstructed their biographical data, and compiled a scientific reference apparatus for the work.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"17 65","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Medical Support for River Transport of the Lower Volga Before and During the Battle of Stalingrad","authors":"Margarita Bukatina","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The effectiveness of the health protection of employees and passengers of the “Volgotanker,” “Reidtanker,” and Lower Volga Shipping Company directly affected the quality and volume of transportation during the most difficult period of the Great Patriotic War for the Lower Volga region. Methods and materials. The article analyzes the medical service activities of the Nizhnevolzhsky Vodzdravotdel (the Lower Volga Health Department) for these shipping companies on the basis of unpublished materials from the State Archive of the Astrakhan region, memoirs, newspapers, and literature. General scientific methods, as well as systematic methods, historical-genetic, comparative historical, and narrative methods, were used to reveal the topic. Analysis and results. The analysis of the work was carried out in three areas: the organization of healthcare, the fight against infectious diseases, and material and personnel issues. Conclusions were drawn about the wide branching structure of the medical organizations of the Nizhnevolzhsky Vodzdravotdel, from dairy kitchens to autonomous hospitals located throughout the basin, from Kamyshin to the Caspian Sea raid. The influence of the Battle of Stalingrad on the restructuring of this system was shown. An analysis of the work of the organization to combat infectious diseases and data on the scale of vaccination of workers and passengers were given. The tendency of falling morbidity on river transport in 1942 is indicated, and its causes are analyzed. The lack of medical personnel and the predominance of female labor in the Nizhnevolzhsky Vodzdravotdel are postulated. Conclusions are drawn about the value of the organization’s contribution to the work of water communication, despite the difficulties.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"2006 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Losses of Personnel of the 10th Rifle Division of the Internal Troops of the NKVD in the Battle of Stalingrad","authors":"Maxim A. Strelnikov","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The issue of the losses of the Armed Forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War does not lose its relevance to this day. This is also connected to its practical side in the conditions of modern geopolitical crises. At the same time, the resolution of the issue is difficult due to the volume of the source base as well as the gaps in it. Methods and materials. The principles of historicism and objectivity became the basis of the research. The author also turned to general historical research methods (narrative, historical genetic, historical comparative, and historical typological). The study used materials from the Central Archive of the Russian Ministry of Defense and the Federal Security Service of Russia. Analysis and results. The current study is devoted to the issue of losses of the Internal Troops of the NKVD in the Battle of Stalingrad, using the example of the 10th Infantry Division of the Internal Troops of the NKVD. This military unit was one of the largest of the NKVD troops that took part in the battle during the most difficult period of the defensive stage and was also the most famous of these troops. The author established the strength of the 10th Infantry Division of the Internal Troops of the NKVD during different periods of the defense of Stalingrad, and also indicated different options for calculating unit losses and problems in this process.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"326 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“There Is No Stopping in Kotlin’s Work”: A.D. Menshikov and Stone Construction on Kotlin in the Early 1720s","authors":"T. Bazarova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The development and defense of Kotlin Island, which became a seaport and base of the Baltic Navy, was a matter of national importance for Peter I. The implementation of the tsar’s plans required the involvement of material and human resources from all Russian provinces. The researchers turned to the issues of the defense of the island as well as the construction of fortifications and port facilities. The beginning of civil construction on the island and the creation of a new city, the bulk of the population of which was in the navy and maritime trade, have been studied only fragmentarily. Methods and materials. The basis of the source base was made up of documents stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, as well as published materials: correspondence between the Most Serene Prince and Peter I, heads of offices and contractors, as well as notes and diaries of eyewitnesses. The study of published and archival sources and the analysis and comparison of the information contained in them make it possible to reveal the role of St. Petersburg governor A.D. Menshikov in the creation of a regularly built-up port city. Analysis. Before the laying of the Kronstadt fortress on October 7, 1723, the settlement on Kotlin had no name. The first stone houses on the southern coast of the island were erected by the forces of the provinces; therefore, they were called “provincial.” After the start of the second regional reform, the completion of the provincial houses was entrusted to Senator M.M. Samarin. The construction of all stone buildings Peter I entrusted to A.D. Menshikov. In 1720, the Office of the Construction of Kotlin Stone Houses was created to conduct work. In connection with the beginning of the construction of the canal (the future Petrovsky Dock), the wooden residential buildings and outbuildings located near the seacoast were demolished or moved inland. At the beginning of 1724, the stone houses in the “bracket” – the sea gates of Kronstadt – were transferred to the associates of the first Russian emperor and naval officers. Results. In historiography, all stone houses built in 1717–1725 on Kotlin are what it is customary to call “provincial.” The buildings begun in 1719 under the leadership of A.D. Menshikov were built on the model of the provincial ones, but they were called “the houses of his royal majesty.” The office of the construction of the Kotlin stone houses carried out work at a faster pace, which was facilitated by the huge administrative resources of the Petersburg governor.","PeriodicalId":515910,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija","volume":"188 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}