Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India最新文献

{"title":"Aetiology and Clinical Characteristics of Primary Amenorrhoea with Hypothalamic or Pituitary Disorders at a Quaternary Hospital.","authors":"Krantarat Peeyananjarassri, Satit Klangsin, Saranya Wattanakumtornkul, Kriengsak Dhanaworavibul, Chainarong Choksuchat, Chatpavit Getpook, Chariyawan Charalsawadi, Worathai Maisrikhaww","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02112-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02112-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/purpose of the study: </strong>To identify the causes and clinical characteristics of women with primary amenorrhoea and hypothalamic or pituitary gland disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at a quaternary hospital in southern Thailand. The medical records of women diagnosed with primary amenorrhea and hypothalamic or pituitary gland disorders (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism [HH]) were reviewed. HH was defined as an oestradiol level of < 20 pg/mL, decreased (< 5 mIU/mL) or normal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and no organic disease of the uterus or ovaries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-five women with HH were included. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at presentation was 18 years (range, 17-20 years). Most patients presented with primary amenorrhoea (50/55), followed by primary infertility (3/55). All women had low levels of oestradiol (5 pg/mL [5.0-12.1]), FSH (0.8 mIU/mL [0.3-3.7]), and luteinising hormone (0.5 mIU/mL [0.1-2.3]). The most common cause was hypothalamic dysfunction (80%); including congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) (43.6%), constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) (14.5%), and functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (FHH) (10.9%). Regarding hypothalamic dysfunction, patients with CHH were significantly older than those with CDGP (20 years [17.0-26.5] vs. 16.5 years [15.8-17.2]; P = 0.014) and had significantly lower FSH levels compared to those with FHH (0.6 mIU/mL [0.3-1.0] vs. 4.5 mIU/mL [2.8-5.7]; P = 0.026).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypothalamic dysfunction, particularly CHH, is the most common cause of primary amenorrhoea and HH.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"122-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Endometrial Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Postmenopausal Women with Endometrial Thickening.","authors":"Manizheh Sayyah-Melli, Vahideh Rahmani, Hasna Zarkhah, Behrooz Shokouhi Gogani, Anis Sani","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-01979-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-024-01979-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometrial cancer is a prevalent gynecological malignancy typically characterized by abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women, although it can also manifest in asymptomatic patients. Asymptomatic postmenopausal women often display endometrial thickening, and research has shown associations between endometrial thicknesses of 5 mm or more and certain pathologies. However, it remains unclear whether specific pathologies are related to different diameters of thickened endometrium.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the diameters of endometrial thickness its histopathology, and the related symptoms in postmenopausal women who have incidental endometrial thickening and are not experiencing vaginal bleeding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in Alzahra Teaching Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The inclusion criteria for the study comprised of postmenopausal women who had visited the clinics with symptoms other than vaginal bleeding and exhibited an endometrial thickness of more than 5 mm in ultrasound imaging. A total of eighty-four women were included in the final analysis. The participants were scheduled to undergo a Pap smear and endometrial biopsy (Pipelle biopsy). The histopathology of the endometrial samples was examined to test the research hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant association between endometrial histopathologic findings and endometrial diameter (<i>p</i>-value = 0.12) or participants' chief complaints (<i>p</i>-value = 0.21).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that endometrial thickening is not a reliable predictor for a specific endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women who do not experience vaginal bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 Suppl 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Rupture to Revelation: Vaginal Evisceration of Small Bowel After Spontaneous Uterine Rupture in Pregnancy.","authors":"Pankaj Singh, Shiva, Sanjeev Kumar, Shalini Singh, Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-01982-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-024-01982-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 Suppl 1","pages":"607-609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demystifying Glycemic Variability in GDM Pregnancies: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Anamika Baghel, Aruna Nigam, Nidhi Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-01992-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-024-01992-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study glycemic variability (GV) and 24-h ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients who were apparently controlled on drugs and their correlation with fetomaternal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In this cross-sectional observational study, 40 gestational diabetic pregnancies on pharmacotherapy were recruited. Flash glucose monitor was used to record AGP between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation. A total of 600 patient days with 58,600 glucose values were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Variables of GV: Mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (<i>p</i> = 0.001), standard deviation (<i>p</i> = 0.001), Continuous Overall Net Glycemic Action (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and High Blood Glucose Index (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were significantly high in GDM group when compared to normoglycemic patients and these were well correlated with poor fetomaternal outcome in this group. Time in range was also significantly altered in GDM group. (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High GV and time in range are the important parameters which get altered in GDM pregnancies despite apparent control of blood glucose, and this can be a reason of adverse fetomaternal outcomes in these pregnancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 Suppl 1","pages":"333-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robert's Uterus-Types, Diagnosis, and Management Options: Case Series and Review of Literature.","authors":"Neha Varun, Reeta Mahey, Archana Kumari, Garima Kachhawa, Manasi Deoghare, Rohitha Cheluvaraju, Neerja Bhatla","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-02074-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-024-02074-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report three cases of Robert's uterus and to describe the types, diagnostic methods, and management options for this rare Mullerian anomaly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three adolescent girls presented with progressive severe dysmenorrhea since menarche. Two girls had undergone inappropriate surgeries due to misdiagnosis in past which did not relieve their symptoms. MRI reported as juvenile cystic adenomyoma (JCA) in one girl and Robert's uterus in other two girls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three patients underwent surgical intervention. The first patient underwent laparoscopic blind horn resection and residual myometrial closure. The decision was taken in view of severe symptoms, school dropout, large adenomyotic lesion, and previous one appendicectomy following misdiagnosis, and patient was not willing for any conservative management. The other two patients underwent transabdominal ultrasonography-guided hysteroscopic resection of septum and hematometra drainage. All the patients had relieved from dysmenorrhea and are asymptomatic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All girls presenting with progressive dysmenorrhea should be evaluated for Mullerian anomalies including the rare ones like Robert's uterus. USG-guided hysteroscopic septal resection may be considered for all cases of Robert's uterus for immediate symptom relief and better future reproductive outcomes. Further long-term follow-up of these patients undergoing conservative surgeries is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 Suppl 1","pages":"215-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Correlation of HbA1c with Anemia in Pregnancy.","authors":"Shalini Mishra, Vinita Das, Smriti Agrawal","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02108-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02108-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HbA1c is a biochemical marker to evaluate hyperglycemia status in past 2-3 months. HbA1c ≥ 6.5% is diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus according to the American Diabetes Association. Recent studies suggest that anemia alters HbA1c levels, but results are conflicting. This study was planned to understand utility of HbA1c in relation to hemoglobin (Hb) for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and also to understand if HbA1c can be used as a screening modality for diagnosis of GDM in countries with higher anemia prevalence.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An observational study was conducted on 193 pregnant women of < 16-week gestation attending antenatal OPD of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KGMU, Lucknow, over a period of one year. Blood glucose levels 2 h after ingestion of 75 gm glucose load irrespective of last meal (DIPSI criterion) were determined at 3 antenatal visits along with HbA1c and Hb level and categorized into diabetic and nondiabetic and anemic and non-anemic group. These patients were followed up till delivery to look for various maternal and neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total 416 tests were done for hemoglobin and HbA1c in 193 women. Prevalence of GDM was 32.1%. Cutoff level of HbA1c was 4.8% in our study which also varied according to gestation. Mean HbA1c level found to be higher in anemic compared to non-anemic (4.5 vs. 3.96%) in nondiabetic women. Similar to that in women with GDM, mean HbA1c in anemic women (5.1) was higher compared to non-anemic (4.6) women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study clearly shows that mean HbA1c varies across all trimesters; even though in diabetic women, mean HbA1c was higher as compared to nondiabetic, and it showed a statistically significant difference in the presence of anemia. HbA1c showed an inverse correlation with hemoglobin in women with or without GDM. Mean HbA1c level was higher among anemic women in both diabetic and nondiabetic group.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"160-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypokelemic Periodic Paralysis in Pregnancy-A Rare Case Study.","authors":"Pooja Hosamani, Shrikant Babar, Ravi Raval, Nilesh Solanke, Tejashree Sawant, Purushottam Hoogar","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-02068-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-024-02068-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypokalemic quadriparesis is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition characterized by hypokalemia and acute systemic weakness. It results from altered potassium distribution and depletion from renal and extra-renal losses. Management depends on the etiology, duration, underlying diseases, family history, medication history and disease state. Here we present a case of 24-year-old multigravida at 20 weeks of pregnancy, presented with history multiple episodes of vomiting and all four limbs weakness. On primary laboratory test, patient was analyzed to have hypokalemic quadriparesis and treated with intravenous potassium chloride that resulted in biochemical and clinical improvement and pregnancy continued.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 Suppl 1","pages":"635-637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Various Urogynaecological Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in Relation to Mode of Delivery.","authors":"J B Sharma, Bhawna Arora, Rajesh Kumari, Nisha, Manasi Deoghare","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-02044-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-024-02044-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urogynaecological problems are common in puerperium and are mainly related to mode of delivery being more common in vaginal delivery. It was a prospective study of over 300 puerperal women to see the prevalence of various urogynaecological problems in vaginal delivery (149 cases) vs caesarean section (151 cases).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It is a prospective longitudinal observational study in which over 300 women underwent screening for urogynaecological problems in the first week postpartum. Women with urogynaecological symptoms were followed for 6 weeks for the persistence of symptoms, and those with moderate-to-severe symptoms were evaluated using urodynamic studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups were similar in general characteristics, mean age (28.2 years vs. 26.9 years), parity (2.3 vs. 2.0), gestation (37.5 vs. 38.4 weeks) and socioeconomic status. Mean birth weight was also similar in two groups, group I with 2.62 ± 0.43 kg vs 2.75 ± 0.45 kg in group II (p value 0.35). Overall, 95 cases (31.6%) had urogynaecological symptoms in the first week postpartum and 22 cases (7.3%) had urogynaecological problems at 6 weeks postpartum with many patients showing more than one symptom. There were no significant differences in various urogynaecological symptoms in vaginal delivery (group I) and caesarean section (group II).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of various urogynaecological symptoms was seen in 31.6% in the first week and 7.3% at 6 weeks postpartum and didn't differ with mode of delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 Suppl 1","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Prenatally Diagnosed Pfeiffer Syndrome with Multicystic Kidney.","authors":"Poornima Sharma, Shreya Singh Kushwaha, Suchandana Dasgupta, Sumitra Bachani","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-02020-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-024-02020-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pfeiffer syndrome is a rare syndromic craniosynostosis characterized by bilateral coronal craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, beaked nasal tip, broad and medially deviated thumbs and great toes. It is caused by mutations affecting the fibroblast growth factor receptors type 1 or 2 (FGFR1 or FGFR2), with autosomal dominant inheritance. It displays substantial clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The disorder is usually detected in the neonatal period, and very few prenatally diagnosed cases have been reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 Suppl 1","pages":"610-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Observational Study of Heart Diseases in Pregnancy and Fetomaternal Outcomes.","authors":"Tania Verma, Gaurav Singh Manhas, Amita Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-02026-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-024-02026-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the heart diseases during pregnancy the maternal and perinatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital on 22,360 antenatal women registered to department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The data recorded included demographic, clinical and obstetric characteristics, nature of the underlying cardiac lesions, and functional class. ECG and echocardiography were done to know the type and severity of cardiac lesions. Fetomaternal outcomes were assessed at follow-up clinical visits during second, third trimester, peripartum period, and at 6 weeks postpartum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heart diseases were present in 50(0.2%) women. Congenital heart diseases were present in 16(32%) patients, with most common being ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 7(14%) patients. Rheumatic heart diseases were present in 15(30%) patients, with most common being first degree heart block [4(8%)]. Mode of delivery was lower segment cesarean section in 32(64%) women and medical termination of pregnancy in 1(2%) patient. Postpartum complications were seen in 14(28%) patients; the most common being congestive cardiac failure in 5(10%) patients. Fetal complications were present in 21(42%) neonates which comprised of neonatal intensive care unit admission [13(26%)], intrauterine growth restriction in 7(14%), low birth weight in 6(12%), preterm in 5(10%), meconium aspiration syndrome in 4(8%) and intrauterine death in 3(4%) cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To conclude, heart diseases are present in 0.2% pregnant women with VSD rheumatic heart diseases being the commonest. Pregnant women with cardiac disease experience cardiac, obstetric, and fetal complications. Thus, cardiac diseases must be diagnosed to lower perinatal morbidity and death.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 Suppl 1","pages":"399-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}