Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India最新文献

{"title":"Untimely Menopause, State Wise Prevalence and Determinants: Insights from Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-1).","authors":"Pritam Halder, Subham Kansal, Anshul Mamgai, Shivani Rathor, Anamika Das, Gaurav Garg","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-02094-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-024-02094-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Untimely menopause refers to occurrence of menopause before the age of 40 years or after 55 years, termed as pre-mature or delayed menopause. This is a secondary data analysis of LASI-1 to estimate prevalence of untimely menopause and its determinants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>LASI-1, a longitudinal study collected detailed information on the psychological, social, economic and health aspects of ageing in India. Baseline data was collected from year 2017-2019 in all 35 states and union territories in India. 73,396 adults were interviewed aged 45 years and above. In this study, we analysed prevalence of untimely menopause and its determinants from the data using bivariate and logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 25,256 women's data was analysed to estimate the prevalence. 7.4%, 17.5% and 13.4% women had pre-mature (menopause less than 40 years), early (between 40 and 44 years) and delayed menopause (after 55 years), more so in a few southern states of the country. Determinants for untimely menopause were area of residence (higher in rural area), education status (greater in higher educational status), working status (more in currently working women), and consumption of alcohol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is high prevalence of untimely menopause and more so in a few southern states of the country, which is a cause of concern and needs specific attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Get the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Edge in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.","authors":"Sujata Dalvi","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02127-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02127-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is on the fast track so far as the growth is concerned, from experimental to implementation in field of medicine. AI should be used ethically and intelligently. Large data base availability, advances in algorithm-theories, computing improvements has led to breakthrough in AI applications in current medicine. Machine learning (ML), which is subset of AI, allows computers to detect patterns through larger data base automatically, that can be used to make predictions. Is it paradigm shift? In the field of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AI is used in reproductive medicine for diagnosis, treatment with fertility outcome, cancer treatment, USG-MRI images diagnosis, foetal echocardiography, cardiotocography (CTG), preterm labour prediction and urogynaecology. ChatGPT can be helpful in medical writing but there is always a challenge with respect to accuracy and reliability. AI can be used in research and experiments, there by strengthening evidence-based clinical practice. More research is ongoing on personalized diagnosis, treatment and remote medical expert team opinion. It does not replace the medical advice given by the clinician but that should not deter clinician by exploring more uses of AI. Despite various challenges and limitations, integration of AI in medical field is bound to progress in correct direction for better future.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Maternal Mortality During COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Harish Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-02021-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-024-02021-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"182-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Metformin Therapy on Chronic Inflammatory Markers Serum Fractalkine and CRP Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study on Chronic Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Ritam Kumari, Alpana Singh, B D Banerjee, Chander Grover, Kiran Guleria","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02100-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02100-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 8-13% depending on diagnostic criteria. Its pathophysiology is linked to insulin resistance and resulting chronic inflammation. This study compares serum levels of fractalkine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), markers of chronic inflammation, in PCOS patients before and after metformin therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty women with PCOS were recruited from gynecology and dermatology OPDs. Their serum fractalkine and hs-CRP levels were measured before starting metformin. The patients were then administered metformin, beginning with 500 mg once daily and increasing to 500 mg three times daily over four months, followed by repeat measurements of serum fractalkine and hs-CRP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-metformin therapy, a significant reduction in serum fractalkine levels was observed (from 0.52 ± 0.29 to 0.38 ± 0.21 ng/ml, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Similarly, hs-CRP levels decreased significantly (from 0.71 ± 0.37 to 0.58 ± 0.27 ng/ml, <i>p</i> = 0.016). Clinical improvements in hirsutism, acne, acanthosis, and BMI were also noted, alongside a significant reduction in insulin resistance parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic inflammation in PCOS contributes to insulin resistance. Metformin therapy, by improving insulin resistance, reduces hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, leading to decreased production of reactive oxygen species and amelioration of chronic inflammation. This is evidenced by lowered serum fractalkine and hs-CRP levels and improved insulin resistance parameters in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"115-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of AMH Levels with Clinical, Biochemical and Hormonal Parameters Among Infertile Women with PCOS.","authors":"Babita Kumari, Pikee Saxena, Anju Jain","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02113-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02113-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multisystem endocrinopathy with a varied clinical presentation; there are very few studies about relationship of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels with different clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters of PCOS. It is still uncertain whether an increase in AMH levels has a positive correlation with hyperandrogenism or with oligoanovulation. This study aims to establish a correlation of AMH levels with clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters among infertile women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Lady Hardinge Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, during the period November 2018 to March 2020. A total of 143 infertile women between 20 and 35 years of age diagnosed to have PCOS based on the revised Rotterdam diagnostic criteria were recruited. After brief history and examination, blood samples were taken for AMH and other biochemical and hormonal tests. Transvaginal ultrasound was performed to see the ovarian volume, antral follicles and endometrial thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a weak positive statistically significant (<i>r</i> = 0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.047) correlation between cycle length and AMH. A weak negative correlation between sex hormone binging globulin (SHBG) and AMH was found, and this correlation was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum AMH is correlated positively with oligoanovulation and negatively with levels of SHBG which suggests an indirect positive correlation of AMH with hyperandrogenism as SHBG is low in women with hyperandrogenism.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"129-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gynaecological Disorder with Rare Para-Bombay Phenotype: Challenge in Transfusion Support.","authors":"Nirupama Sahoo, Sukanta Tripathy, Soumya Ranjan Panda, Jyochnamayi Panda, Suman Sudha Routray, Abhra Barman, Sasmita Dash","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02114-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02114-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transfusion management in patients with rare blood group phenotypes is a special challenge, especially in surgical cases. We report here the case of a 51-year-old female patient presenting with a huge pseudo-broad ligament fibroid and rare blood group phenotype. Initial serological testing during preoperative workup of the said case revealed BG discrepancies characterized by the O group on cell typing with an extra reaction with pooled 'O' cells on serum typing. A pan-agglutination pattern in antibody screening coupled with a negative direct antiglobulin test and auto-control indicated a Bombay or para-Bombay phenotype. Use of anti-H lectin, saliva secretor study, and antibody screening with cord O cells (Oi) aided in identifying para-Bombay phenotype. Transfusion support in this patient was challenging due to the presence of an anti-IH antibody acting at 37°. One of the major challenges to perioperative care was the unavailability of compatible donor blood units. An autologous transfusion approach was therefore adopted. After the uneventful surgical excision of the fibroid with minimal intraoperative blood loss, one unit of autologous blood was transfused to the patient. This case exemplifies the importance of comprehensive pre-transfusion testing and meticulous planning for patients with rare blood group phenotypes in order to minimize the risk of transfusion reactions and optimize surgical outcomes. Because the rare phenotype of the para-Bombay and transfusion are often problematic, rare donor registries and a heightened degree of clinical awareness will serve to improve patient safety in these instances.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"166-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) in Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Ava Hemmat, Nayere Khadem Ghaebi, Mohsen Nematy, Faezeh Mashhadi, Maryam Emadzadeh, Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani Moghadam, Fatemeh Roudi","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02111-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02111-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Global infertility affects over 186 million women, posing significant health and societal challenges. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder among reproductive-aged women, often characterized by inflammatory dysregulation. Dietary factors exacerbate insulin resistance and ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS through heightened inflammation. Improving diet quality may mitigate hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, and inflammation, thereby reducing complications such as infertility. This study examines diet quality using the healthy eating index (HEI) and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) in women with PCOS experiencing infertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study enrolled 80 infertile patients diagnosed with PCOS, alongside 80 healthy individuals without PCOS. Dietary inflammatory Index (DII) and healthy eating index (HEI) scores were computed using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Spearman's correlation test was employed to assess variable relationships, and logistic regression was conducted to identify factors influencing PCOS risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCOS patients exhibited higher mean DII scores compared to controls (- 2.24 ± 0.80 vs. - 2.57 ± 0.93) and lower HEI scores (55.74 ± 4.89 vs. 58.64 ± 7.16). Adjusted analyses revealed significant inverse relationships between dietary inflammatory and health indices and PCOS risk. Comparison with CRP levels showed significant associations (<i>P</i> < 0.001), but not with other biochemical markers or insulin resistance (TYG index) (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the significant associations between DII, HEI, and the risk of infertility and PCOS. Improving diet quality may mitigate inflammation and associated PCOS complications, offering potential avenues for intervention and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Pollution and Reproductive Health: The Cause for Concern.","authors":"Hiralal Konar","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02128-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02128-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there is a growing concern for human health with the rise of environmental pollution. Water contamination and health problems had been understood. Sanitation-related health issues have been overcome in the greater part of the world. Progressive industrialization has caused a number of new pollutants in water and in the atmosphere. It is a growing concern for the human health, especially upon the reproductive health. Current researchers provide a strong association between the rising concentrations of ambient pollutants and the adverse health impact. Furthermore, the pollutants have the adverse effects upon reproductive health as well. Major concern is for the health of a pregnant woman and her baby. Maternal-fetal inflammatory response due to the pollutants affects the pregnancy outcome adversely. Preterm labor, fetal growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, and stillbirths have been observed. Varieties of pathological processes including inflammation, endocrine dysfunction, epigenetic changes, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and placental dysfunction have been explained as the biological plausibility. Prospective studies (systematic review and meta-analysis) have established that exposure to particulate matters (PM) and the nanoparticles (NP) leads to excessive oxidative changes to cause DNA mutations, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Progressive industrialization and emergence of heavy metals, micro- (MP) and nanoparticles (NP) in the atmosphere and in water are the cause for concern. However, most of the information is based on studies from industrialized countries. India needs its own country-based study to have the exact idea and to develop the mechanistic pathways for the control.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Decades After Rotterdam Consensus: A Proposed Novel Evidence-Based Practical Modifications.","authors":"Mohammad Emam, Reda Hemida","doi":"10.1007/s13224-024-02067-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-024-02067-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy, affecting women, from adolescence to postmenopause. For two decades; PCOS has been defined in reproductive age group by the presence of two of three criteria according to Rotterdam criteria.The aim of this document is to highlight the pitfalls and drawbacks of Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of PCOS after 20 years of application in clinical practice and to propose a novel evidence-based practical modification of these criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After two decades of Rotterdam consensus, the diagnostic criteria of PCOS could be modified and revised based on evidence-based guidance into three groups: reproductive age, adolescent, and postmenopausal group. The spectrum of PCOS should start from isolated polycystic ovarian morphology, i.e., without hyperandrogenism (HA) and ovulatory dysfunction (OD) to full-blown phenotype (PCOM + HA + OD). Furthermore, each group could be subclassified into obese or lean with presence of IR or not.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"179-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidentally Detected Transient Abnormal Myelopoeisis in a Placenta of Mosaic Down's Syndrome: A Case Report Describing Approach to Diagnosis.","authors":"Kriti Chauhan, Meenakshi Lallar, Aastha Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02107-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-025-02107-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examination of the placenta is the easiest and the most cost-effective method to evaluate fetal abnormalities which might be missed by other antenatal screening techniques. Transient abnormal myelopoeisis (TAM) in placenta is one such condition which is specific for trisomy 21. Its relevance especially lies in cases where phenotypical features of down's syndrome are absent in fetus or the cytogenetic reports are negative, suggesting either confined placental mosaicism or low expression generalized mosaicism. This is imperative in parents' counseling and deciding further patient management because though TAM is a transient phenomenon, it may relapse or progress to acute leukemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"75 2","pages":"170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}