Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India最新文献

{"title":"Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Novel Insights and Future Directions.","authors":"Sujata Dalvi","doi":"10.1007/s13224-026-02439-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-026-02439-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as the spontaneous loss of two or more pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation, remains a complex clinical challenge with multifactorial etiology. Genetic abnormalities, uterine anomalies, endocrine disorders, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, infections, environmental influences, and male factors contribute to its occurrence. Evaluation involves comprehensive history, endocrine and genetic testing, uterine imaging, and screening for thrombophilia and infections. Management strategies include surgical correction of uterine anomalies, pharmacological interventions (levothyroxine, metformin, cabergoline, progesterone, low-dose aspirin, LMWH), and supportive care. Emerging therapies such as preimplantation genetic testing, stem cell-derived exosome therapy, lymphocyte immunotherapy, and pharmacogenomics offer promising avenues but require further validation. Psychological support and multidisciplinary care are essential to improve outcomes. Despite advances, unexplained RPL remains prevalent, underscoring the need for precision medicine and integrative approaches to optimize reproductive success.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"279-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis (OHVIRA): The Lesser Known Aspects: A Mini-review and Experience from a Tertiary Care Center.","authors":"Pushplata Kumari, Palak Tomar, Anusha Reddy Tamma, Emily Divya Ebenezer, Minakshi Kumari, Lilly Varghese","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02186-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02186-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome also known as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome was first reported by Purslow in 1922. Failure of the Mullerian duct to open into the urogenital sinus results in obstructed hemivagina, when associated with Wolffian duct abnormality can lead to renal agenesis. This association leads to imperforate hemivagina and unilateral renal agenesis, which constitutes this syndrome. This has been recognized more readily in recent years due to increasing familiarity with the disorder and advanced diagnostic methods.</p><p><strong>Aim and objective: </strong>To study the common clinical presentation of patients with OHVIRA and their management strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was done in a tertiary care center in South India, and the data were collected from January 2007 to December 2021. The study was approved by the institutional review board and Ethics committee. (IRB no.14576, March 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 patients were found with OHVIRA syndrome. The mean age at presentation was 17.7 years. The most common presenting symptoms were dysmenorrhea (19;72%) followed by pelvic pain (15;60%) and menstrual irregularities (12;52%). MRI confirmed the diagnosis in 64% of patients, and the most common complication was hematocolpos (72%), followed by pyocolpos in 24%. All patients except for one underwent primary vaginal septal resection. One patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy proceed vaginal septal resection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients of younger age, especially those less than 20 years presenting with dysmenorrhea and menstrual irregularities, need a thorough evaluation. For patients with pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, it is always prudent to do advanced imaging if the symptoms are not relieved with simple medical measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"298-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Conventional Pap Smear and Liquid-Based Cytology in the detection of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer.","authors":"Rachita Garg, Krishna Agarwal, Niharika Dhiman, Gauri Gandhi, Meeta Singh","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02206-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02206-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the performance of conventional Pap smear and liquid-based cytology (LBC) in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer using colposcopic-guided biopsies as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All women between 21 and 65 years of age were included and screened using both the conventional method and LBC. All screen positive patients further underwent colposcopy-directed biopsies. 10% of screen negative were included as controls. Sensitivity and specificity of both the methods were calculated and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For low-grade cytology (ASCUS and higher grade) and low-grade histopathology (CIN1 and higher grade), conventional Pap smear had a higher specificity of 85.8% versus 73% of LBC. LBC had higher sensitivity of 100% versus 75% of conventional Pap smear. However, when high-grade cytology (ASC-H and higher grade) and high-grade histopathology (CIN2 and higher grade) were compared, LBC had better performance with a sensitivity of 100% versus 14.2% for the conventional method and accuracy of 96.6% versus 91.1%. Another advantage of LBC was in the reduction of number of unsatisfactory smears for evaluation. There was no unsatisfactory smear on LBC as compared to the conventional method which had 14% unsatisfactory smears.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, for detection of high-grade lesions which are at increased risk of progression to cancer, LBC fares better in comparison with the conventional method. It has a better sensitivity, accuracy and fewer number of unsatisfactory smears.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"291-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Stratification of Adnexal Masses.","authors":"Pradnya Changede","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02304-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02304-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumoral masses originating from the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and structures around these organs are called adnexal masses. About 70% of all ovarian cancer cases are not diagnosed until the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. Because ovarian carcinomas have a high morbidity and mortality rate, they should be treated in referral hospitals. For the patient to receive the best care and increase their chances of survival, it is advised that they be referred to an oncological center if a mass is thought to be at high risk of malignancy. Conversely, a patient may have conservative treatment if an adnexal mass has benign features, which would lower morbidity and maintain fertility. In comparison to referral centers, patients treated at general hospitals that do not follow stringent guidelines had a lower five-year overall survival rate. Valuable time and resources can be saved by knowing when to refer a patient depending on their risk of developing cancer. For proper treatment, it is crucial to distinguish between benign and malignant adnexal tumors. There are many techniques for risk stratification of adnexal masses like subjective assessment, three-step strategy, IOTA basic rule, IOTA aDNEX model, logistic regression models, ROMA, RMI (1,2,3 and 4), Copenhagen index, BIRADS, O-RADS v20222 USG, and O-RADS MRI. Several studies have compared these risk stratification techniques. The best results come from subjective evaluation by an expert observer; the IOTA ADNEX model and the IOTA basic rule risk model are suggested in the absence of such experience. An expert evaluation is preferred over ROMA or RMI for those with inconclusive results. If expertise is not available, assessment by ROMA or RMI is acceptable. The addition of IOTA to ROMA or RMI was better than ROMA or RMI alone. The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) US risk stratification and management system is intended to provide consistent interpretations, reduce or eliminate ambiguity in US reports, and provide management recommendations for each risk category. It is the only classification scheme that covers every risk category and the management techniques. The sonographer's experience plays an important role to determine whether a specific model is useful.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13224-025-02304-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"285-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Obstetric Patients: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Shailja Bhamri, Devyani Misra","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02184-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02184-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) in obstetric patients is a significant medical complication that can lead to severe maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Understanding the spectrum and outcomes of AKI in this population is crucial for improving clinical management and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled 50 antenatal, postnatal, and postabortal patients who met the KDIGO criteria. Patients were followed up for three months post-acute insult. Data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, causes of AKI, treatment modalities, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 50 patients, 56.0% presented with AKI in the postpartum period, 36% during the antenatal period, and 8.0% in the postabortal period. The leading causes of AKI were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (44.0%), followed by hemorrhage in pregnancy (28.0%)<b>,</b> sepsis (14.0%), and obstructed labor (10.0%). Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was required in 68.0% of the patients. Complete recovery of renal function was observed in 74.0% of patients, while maternal mortality occurred in 12.0%. Among the patients who delivered, 58.0% had live births, and 42.0% had stillbirths.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timely initiation of RRT in obstetric patients with AKI is associated with favorable maternal outcomes irrespective of the underlying cause, including complete recovery of renal function. Early recognition and management of AKI in pregnancy are essential to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"352-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Health Education on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Menstrual Cup Use Among Female Medical and Allied Health Science Students in South India: A Prospective Interventional Study.","authors":"Chinmayee Gupta Mogallapalli, R Jaswitha, Ramya Bhargavi, S Pradeep, Keshav Gangadharan","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02241-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02241-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Menstrual cups remain underused due to poor awareness and misconceptions. This study assessed the impact of structured health education on their acceptance among young women in health-related fields.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the baseline levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) related to menstrual cups and to determine the effectiveness of a structured educational intervention in improving these parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study (June 2023-May 2024) among 1000 female students assessed KAP before and after a structured educational session. Knowledge and attitude were reassessed immediately, and usage at 3 months. Data was analyzed using standard statistical tests in SPSS v20.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of participants was 22.86 years (± 2.85). Prior to the intervention, 79.5% of students had heard of menstrual cups. After the session, awareness increased to 100% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Willingness to try menstrual cups increased from 1.8 to 40.9% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Usage at 3-month mark rose from 2.4 to 10.2% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Factors independently associated with willingness to use MCs included age over 20 years (OR 0.21), urban residence (OR 18.3), good knowledge levels (OR 2.80), and a positive attitude (OR 5.34).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Targeted health education promotes menstrual cup use and empowers future healthcare professionals to advocate sustainable hygiene practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"314-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological Role of Intrauterine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Infertile Women Undergoing ICSI.","authors":"Manal Taha Al-Obaidi, Huda Ali Rassul, Omaima Ismael Khalaf","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02138-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02138-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Successful pregnancy is associated with a predominant Th2 cytokine profile, and Th1 cytokines are detrimental to pregnancy. The cytokine profile expressed by endometrium may be change by chorionic gonadotropin treatment (hCG), which affect uterine natural killer cell, <i>T</i>-regulatory, and <i>B</i> cells-three essential cell types for the maintenance of pregnancy-hCG has been demonstrated to have a significant immune regulatory function. It prevents expression of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) at mother-fetal contact.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the role of intrauterine hCG infusion at day of ovum pickup on immunological marker of endometrium and on pregnancy rate in patients undergoing ICSI cycle.</p><p><strong>Patients and method: </strong>Comparative study intended in Al-Nahrain University. Ninety infertile women included. Written informed consent was obtained before being included in the study. Three groups of patients were included according to the type of intervention. Assessment of plasma hormone level was done for all. The quantification of serum TNF and IL-10 levels was conducted through the application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodology at a privately owned laboratory.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Significantly lower level of TNF and TNF/IL-10 ratio in group A than that in groups B and C (<i>P</i> < 0.05). No significant differences between study groups (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.05) in means IL-10. The clinical pregnancy rate was higher in group A, which is higher than in group B and C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intrauterine infusion of 700 IU of hCG can improve the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing ICSI cycle by modulating the immune balance (Th1/Th2) of the endometrium.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"318-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148800715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Historical and Contemporary Significance of Gonadotropins: Insights from Avicenna and Modern Science.","authors":"Ghazaleh Mosleh, Majid Nimrouzi","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02182-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02182-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Avicenna, a renowned Persian scholar, is recognized for his substantial impact on medicine. His deep understanding of pregnancy and its implications has been especially influential in the field. Notably, he advocated for elephant urine, which contains natural gonadotropins, to stimulate ovulation.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study seeks to illuminate the connections between ancient medical practices and contemporary fertility treatments.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study reviews Avicenna's Canon of Medicine and related scholarly articles to examine his historical application of elephant urine, containing natural gonadotropins, for ovulation stimulation. It further draws connections to modern reproductive medicine's use of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Research indicates that estradiol metabolites are primarily excreted in elephant urine, while progesterone metabolites are nearly equally divided between feces and urine. In pregnant elephants, urinary 5-reduced progestins peak at weeks 40-45 before declining, while urinary estrogens remain low early, increase 10-20-fold mid-pregnancy, and then gradually decrease. Female Asian elephants' urine contains low-volatility chemicals that induce flehmen responses in males before ovulation. Although tryptanthrine was identified, a minor coeluting component was responsible for this reaction, illustrating the complexity of elephant reproductive chemistry (5, 6).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Avicenna's recommendations and the scientific observations on elephant gonadotropins highlight the intriguing links between historical medical practices and modern scientific findings. His pioneering research advances reproductive medicine, bridging ancient and modern understandings of human fertility. However, animal-derived products may pose safety risks and should be used under specialist supervision.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"366-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy Outcome in Women Aged 40 Years and Above: A Cross Sectional Study.","authors":"Natasha Gupta, Anubhuti Rana, Vatsala Dadhwal, Aparna K Sharma, Sunesh Kumar, Vanamail Perumal, Nitesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02214-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02214-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective was to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women aged 40 years or older, compared to those aged 35-39 and 20-34 years. The secondary objective was to assess caesarean section rates and indications in the same age groups.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective case-control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, from January 2014 to July 2020.After taking ethical clearance, pregnant women who delivered after 24 weeks of gestation from January 2014 to July 2020 were recruited in this study and divided into three groups: 40 years and above (group A), 35-39 years (group B), and controls aged 20-34 years (group C). Multiple pregnancies were excluded. 43 pregnant women aged 40 years & above and 99 pregnant women aged 35-39 years who delivered during the study period were included in groups A and B respectively, while 100 control cases were randomly allocated to group C. Their case records were analysed Statistical analyses included t-tests/ANOVA for continuous variables and Chisquare/Fisher's exact tests for categorical data, with <i>p</i> < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infertility was highest in women aged ≥ 40 years (30.23%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and ART conception rates were elevated in women aged 35-39 years as compared to other two groups (16.27%). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was significantly more common in women aged ≥ 40 years (44.18%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while preeclampsia, though more frequent in women aged 35-39, was not statistically significant across groups. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was most prevalent in Group B (17.17%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). There were no significant differences in anemia rates or fetal growth restriction (FGR) among groups, though FGR was highest in women aged ≥ 40 years. Preterm birth rates also did not differ significantly. NICU admissions were highest in Group B (18.18%) but were not statistically significant. Vaginal delivery rates were highest in Group C (41%), with significantly lower rates in Group A (16.27%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Group A had no instrumental deliveries, while Groups B and C had similar rates (3.30% and 3%, <i>p</i> = 0.514). Elective caesarean sections were significantly more common in women aged 35-39 (68.18%) than in those ≥ 40 years (51.16%) or aged 20-34 years (33.33%, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maternal age significantly influences obstetric outcomes, with higher risks of GDM, infertility, and lower vaginal delivery rates in older women. These findings highlight the need for age-specific management to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unrepaired Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connections Complicating Adult Pregnancy.","authors":"Kamal Patil, Simran Pachnanda, Shivaraj Patil, M C Metgud, Veeresh Manvi, Madhav Prabhu","doi":"10.1007/s13224-025-02132-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13224-025-02132-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incidentally, diagnosed unrepaired cyanotic complex congenital heart disease in adult pregnancy is rare. We report a case of asymptomatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a 23-year-old primigravida who had an abnormal cardiac examination and electrocardiogram on presentation. She underwent an echocardiogram which revealed the underlying cardiac anomaly. The pregnancy course was complicated by the preterm onset of labor requiring urgent lower segment cesarean section with successful delivery of the fetus.</p>","PeriodicalId":51563,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India","volume":"76 4","pages":"361-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}