American Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第3页

Unlocking the Truth: Exploring the Impacts of Solitary Confinement on Recidivism and the Need for Mental Health Support for Individuals with Mental Illnesses 揭开真相：探索单独监禁对累犯的影响以及为精神疾病患者提供心理健康支持的必要性

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09771-x

Rachel Silverthorn, Kristen M. Zgoba

{"title":"Unlocking the Truth: Exploring the Impacts of Solitary Confinement on Recidivism and the Need for Mental Health Support for Individuals with Mental Illnesses","authors":"Rachel Silverthorn, Kristen M. Zgoba","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09771-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09771-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Past research shows mixed results regarding the effects of solitary confinement on individuals’ mental health and recidivism. This paper aims to add to the existing literature by examining the relationships between 1) solitary confinement and mental health, and 2) solitary confinement and recidivism for individuals with mental illnesses. Utilizing administrative data from corrections facilities in a large Southeastern state, a series of linear regressions were used to examine the effects of solitary confinement on the need for mental health services, while a logistic regression was used to examine the effects of duration of time spent in solitary confinement on recidivism. Results show that need for mental health services differed for those with and without mental illness after time spent in solitary confinement. Results also indicated that longer placements in solitary confinement were associated with need for mental health services after return to the general population. Finally, a small but significant relationship emerged between solitary confinement and recidivism showing longer stays in solitary confinement increased recidivism. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 6","pages":"768 - 792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Qualitative Examination of Precautionary Measures in a Virtual Reality Fear Environment 虚拟现实恐惧环境中预防措施的定性研究

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09770-y

Nicole E. Rader, Courtney Heath, David C. May, Caitlyn Gaddy, Christopher Hudson, Daniel Carruth

{"title":"A Qualitative Examination of Precautionary Measures in a Virtual Reality Fear Environment","authors":"Nicole E. Rader, Courtney Heath, David C. May, Caitlyn Gaddy, Christopher Hudson, Daniel Carruth","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09770-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09770-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Americans take a myriad of safety precautions each day to prevent victimization, a costly and often time-consuming practice. Most of what we know about precautionary measures comes from the fear of crime literature. Previous studies typically examine precautionary measures in relation to fear of crime and ask respondents about behaviors they engaged in or avoided retroactively. Our research team put precautionary measures at the forefront by creating a virtual reality (VR) subway station where 105 participants entered a subway station, selected items to take with them on a train and selected a bench to wait for their train. The items included traditional precautionary measures (pepper spray, knife) and everyday items (cell phone, book, headphones, car keys). We also placed VR characters on a bench and asked participants to select a bench near or far from the characters. Participants were asked to explain their decision-making process. We learned that individuals engaged in avoidance and protective behaviors and our results found the decision-making process in the selection of these measures were complex and unique. The results of our study can help public safety agencies design public spaces so that individuals feel safer in these spaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 6","pages":"745 - 767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time in Crime: An Added Dimension to the Study of Crime Guns 犯罪时间：犯罪时间：犯罪枪支研究的新维度

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09769-5

Rick Dierenfeldt, Grant Drawve, Joshua May, Ellee Jackson

{"title":"Time in Crime: An Added Dimension to the Study of Crime Guns","authors":"Rick Dierenfeldt, Grant Drawve, Joshua May, Ellee Jackson","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09769-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09769-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A growing body of literature has explored the ‘life course’ of crime guns, with particular focus on the time between initial point of sale of firearms and their eventual recovery by police following a crime. We contend that this examination is incomplete, with limited consideration given to the period between a firearm’s first known use in a criminal offense and its recovery by police—which we refer to as time in crime. Increased understanding of this time frame is important given that crime guns are frequently recirculated among criminally involved groups and the recent finding that time in circulation following first known use in a crime is a significant predictor of multiple uses of crime guns. We add to the literature through application of negative binomial regression to a sample of 310 crime guns used in offenses in a city in the Southeastern United States to examine how neighborhood context and initial incident characteristics influence the number of days that firearms remain in circulation after their first known use in a crime. We find that increased levels of concentrated disadvantage and gang involvement during the original incident correspond with significant increases in time in crime, while increased levels of residential stability and the ability of police to identify suspects are linked with more rapid recovery of crime guns. Notably, these findings hold even after inclusion of popular time to crime covariates, including firearm quality, caliber, and status as a stolen gun.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 5","pages":"723 - 744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Social Network Analysis of Chronic Violent Offenders 对长期暴力犯罪者的社会网络分析

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09768-6

Davis Shelfer, Yan Zhang

引用次数: 0

Adolescent Weapon Carrying Inside and Outside of School: The Impact of Experiences and Perceptions of Violence 青少年在校内外携带武器：暴力经历和观念的影响

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09763-x

Timothy McCuddy, Austin Wyatt, Stephen Watts

{"title":"Adolescent Weapon Carrying Inside and Outside of School: The Impact of Experiences and Perceptions of Violence","authors":"Timothy McCuddy, Austin Wyatt, Stephen Watts","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09763-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09763-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined factors that distinguish adolescent weapon carrying in school compared to only in the community. We look at how experiences (offending, victimization, and gang-involvement) and perceptions (school, neighborhood, individual) toward violence are associated with self-reported weapon carrying in these two locations. Data came from two waves of the University of Missouri – St. Louis Comprehensive School Safety Initiative, a longitudinal study on the causes and consequences of school violence. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict weapon carrying among three mutually exclusive categories: those who do not carry, those who carry only in the community, and those who carry both in school and in the community. We find that victim/offenders are more likely to carry weapons regardless of context, but school weapon carrying is positively associated with fatalism and gang-involvement. One school factor, school commitment, impacted carrying both inside and outside of school. Our results identify unique factors that can reduce adolescent weapon carrying in general and specifically in school.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 5","pages":"678 - 699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12103-024-09763-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Measurement Matter? Examining the Impact of Outcome Measurement Variation On the Rates and Predictors of Juvenile Recidivism 衡量是否重要？研究结果测量差异对青少年累犯率和预测因素的影响

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09767-7

Sonja E. Siennick, Jhon A. Pupo, William M. Casey, Dequan J. Cowell, Brian J. Stults

{"title":"Does Measurement Matter? Examining the Impact of Outcome Measurement Variation On the Rates and Predictors of Juvenile Recidivism","authors":"Sonja E. Siennick, Jhon A. Pupo, William M. Casey, Dequan J. Cowell, Brian J. Stults","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09767-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09767-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concerns have been raised that cross-agency differences in the definition and measurement of juvenile recidivism may hamper the generalizability of knowledge and comparisons across jurisdictions. However, it is unclear whether measurement choices do impact the conclusions of studies of juvenile recidivism. This study examined whether the rates and the demographic, risk, and contextual predictors of juvenile recidivism varied by the operationalization of recidivism. The sample included 14,537 terms of probation of youths who completed probation in Florida between 2012 and 2016. Recidivism rates differed depending on the type of system contact and the follow-up length. Rates were comparable when adult system data were and were not included. Three-level multivariate multilevel models showed that the predictors were more strongly associated with commitment than with referral or adjudication. The directions and significance of the predictors’ effects were consistent across types of system contact, follow-up lengths, and data sources. Researchers should use varied measurement strategies, clearly describe their approach, and test for robustness across measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 5","pages":"653 - 677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Compounding Effect: How Co-Offending Exacerbates the Harm Caused by Violent Offenders 复合效应：共同犯罪如何加剧暴力罪犯造成的伤害

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09765-9

Emily Piper, Barak Ariel, Vincent Harinam, Matthew Bland

引用次数: 0

Attrition from Jail Reentry Program Increases Recidivism 监狱重返社会计划的减员增加了累犯率

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09764-w

Kevin Anderson, William Medendorp

{"title":"Attrition from Jail Reentry Program Increases Recidivism","authors":"Kevin Anderson, William Medendorp","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09764-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09764-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reentry programs represent an increasingly popular method to reduce recidivism for individuals exiting prison and jail systems throughout the United States. Most evaluations tend to focus on recidivism as the primary outcome of interest. Attrition, however, can function an important supplementary measure that complements recidivism outcomes. To demonstrate, we analyze a jail reentry program built around peer navigators serving as staff members that refer participants to necessary support services while also serving as a mentor to participants exiting jail. We use a combination of general linear models (GLMs), Mahalanobis distance matching (MDM), and panel regression to both predict attrition and compare recidivism outcomes between three attrition groups: program completers, program quitters, and matched controls. Participants that successfully completed the program did not avoid new convictions or reincarceration significantly more or less than matched controls. Participants that quit the program, however, saw significantly higher conviction and reincarceration rates compared to matched controls. The nuance added to our program evaluation by adding attrition as a differential factor is worth consideration by other reentry programs who may not be realizing the full picture of their results by presenting recidivism outcomes alone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 5","pages":"634 - 652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12103-024-09764-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142413647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SAVRY Predictive Validity of Mississippi Justice-Involved Youth Recidivism: A Latent Variable Approach SAVRY 密西西比州涉法青少年累犯的预测效力：潜变量方法

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09766-8

Richard Dembo, Sheena K. Gardner, Angela A. Robertson, Jennifer Wareham, James Schmeidler

引用次数: 0

Is Boomtown Growth Associated with Crime in Suburban Areas?: Examining the Importance of Rapid Population Growth and Neighborhood Change for Crime in Frisco, Texas 繁荣城市的发展是否与郊区的犯罪有关？研究得克萨斯州弗里斯科人口快速增长和邻里变化对犯罪的影响

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09762-y

Michael S. Barton, Joy Ngelor Watchese Njeh, Jennifer LaRose

{"title":"Is Boomtown Growth Associated with Crime in Suburban Areas?: Examining the Importance of Rapid Population Growth and Neighborhood Change for Crime in Frisco, Texas","authors":"Michael S. Barton, Joy Ngelor Watchese Njeh, Jennifer LaRose","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09762-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09762-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A substantial body of research has documented the consequences of rapid population growth for crime, but most of this literature focused on population growth in major cities during the first half of the twentieth century or on boomtown growth in rural areas since the 1970s. The findings of both literatures helped to identify important correlates and consequences of rapid population growth, but neither body of research engages with suburban areas in which approximately half of the United States population currently live. The current study examines the relationship of rapid population growth with levels of violent and property crime in one of the fastest growing suburban areas in the United States, Frisco Texas. The results indicate rapid population growth was not associated with changes in crime at the city level, but neighborhood level analyses suggest crime may became more concentrated in certain areas. Longitudinal regression analyses also reveal that many commonly assessed correlates of crime may operate differently in suburban areas than do in urban areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 4","pages":"508 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0