American Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献

Increasing Police Presence: Examining Race, Ethnicity, and Perceived Neighborhood Disadvantage as Correlates of Support 增加警察的存在：将种族、民族和感知到的邻里劣势作为支持的相关因素进行研究

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09775-7

Christi Metcalfe, Qassim Bolaji

引用次数: 0

Federal Drug Sentencing and the Overdose Epidemic 联邦毒品判决与用药过量流行病

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09773-9

Ben Feldmeyer, Bryan Holmes, Diana Sun

{"title":"Federal Drug Sentencing and the Overdose Epidemic","authors":"Ben Feldmeyer, Bryan Holmes, Diana Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09773-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09773-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research examining how federal courts have responded to the 21<sup>st</sup> century overdose crisis is limited, and even less is known about how district exposure to overdoses has shaped federal drug sentences. The current study examines how drug sentence lengths are contextualized by district-level overdose death rates across both substance type and race/ethnicity using federal sentencing data, Centers for Disease Control overdose mortality data, and other data on district social and legal characteristics for the 2015-2020 period. Findings reveal that district overdose death rates (especially involving minorities) are associated with slightly shorter drug sentences, net of other factors. In addition, Black-White and Hispanic-White sentence length gaps in drug cases declined in districts with more overdose deaths in part due to higher White sentence lengths, but mostly because minority sentences became shorter as district overdose mortality rates increased. These results suggest that exposure to the overdose crisis has not resulted in greater punitiveness in drug sentence lengths, and if anything, has been tied to leniency especially for minorities. Implications of these results for research on the 21<sup>st</sup> century overdose crisis, federal court responses to this crisis (especially across race/ethnicity), and for contextual effects in sentencing are discussed. </p>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 6","pages":"814 - 841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12103-024-09773-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safer or Endangered at Home?: An Examination of Neighborhood Effects on Family Violence Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Safer-at-Home Order 在家更安全还是更危险？在 COVID-19 "加强家庭安全令 "颁布之前、期间和之后，研究邻里关系对家庭暴力的影响

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09772-w

Michelle N. Harris, Rebecca H. Konkel

{"title":"Safer or Endangered at Home?: An Examination of Neighborhood Effects on Family Violence Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Safer-at-Home Order","authors":"Michelle N. Harris, Rebecca H. Konkel","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09772-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09772-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research has begun to document the impact of COVID-19, and corresponding restrictions associated with the pandemic, to several unintended consequences including increased rates of family violence. Given these findings, there have been calls for research to understand predictors of family violence, and how such predictors may shift during differing periods of the pandemic. Rooted in the family stress model and social disorganization theory, this study used call for service data from two police departments located in the Midwest of the United States, to examine whether the relationship between sociostructural indices on the number of family violence incidents varied in the times before, during, and after COVID-19 Safer-at-Home orders. Based on a series of negative binomial regression models, results show that the association between neighborhood (i.e., Census block group) concentrated poverty, the percentage of the population between 15 and 24 years of age, and the percentage of the population that identify as male on family violence was amplified during and/or after the adoption of the Safer-at-Home order. Results also indicated that the Safer-at-Home order eradicated the once significant effect of residential mobility and family violence incidents. Lastly, although neighborhoods located within the more populous and metropolitan city experienced fewer family violence incidents, compared to the mixed rural-suburban city, the gap in the number of incidents per neighborhood decreased in the times following the enactment of the Safer-at-Home order. Based on these findings, proactive and reactive policies regarding resource dissemination and increasing neighboring activities are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 6","pages":"842 - 866"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12103-024-09772-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in Prosecutorial Decision-Making in Response to a High-Profile Mass Shooting 应对备受瞩目的大规模枪击事件时检察决策的变化

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09774-8

Stewart J. D’Alessio, Lisa Stolzenberg, R. R. Dunlea, Besiki Luka Kutateladze

{"title":"Changes in Prosecutorial Decision-Making in Response to a High-Profile Mass Shooting","authors":"Stewart J. D’Alessio, Lisa Stolzenberg, R. R. Dunlea, Besiki Luka Kutateladze","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09774-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09774-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While prior studies find that media attention influences how prosecutors handle a specific case, there is a dearth of research examining the impact of media attention on prosecutors’ decision-making in less publicized criminal cases analogous to the publicized case. Using 10 years of data (January 2011 to December 2020) calibrated in monthly intervals obtained from the Broward County State Attorney’s Office and an interrupted time series research design, we investigate the effect of the Parkland mass shooting on prosecutor discretion in firearm-related cases eligible for mandatory minimum sentencing under Florida’s 10–20-Life law. Results show that while the Parkland mass shooting was not associated with the filing of firearm cases or with negotiated plea deals, it had a noteworthy effect on attenuating nolle prossed cases. Firearm defendants were also less apt to have their arrest to filing charge reduced, their arrest to disposition filing charge reduced, and their filing to dispositional charge lessened. Overall, these findings suggest that prosecutors became more punitive in their handling of firearm cases after the Parkland mass shooting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 6","pages":"793 - 813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unlocking the Truth: Exploring the Impacts of Solitary Confinement on Recidivism and the Need for Mental Health Support for Individuals with Mental Illnesses 揭开真相：探索单独监禁对累犯的影响以及为精神疾病患者提供心理健康支持的必要性

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09771-x

Rachel Silverthorn, Kristen M. Zgoba

{"title":"Unlocking the Truth: Exploring the Impacts of Solitary Confinement on Recidivism and the Need for Mental Health Support for Individuals with Mental Illnesses","authors":"Rachel Silverthorn, Kristen M. Zgoba","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09771-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09771-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Past research shows mixed results regarding the effects of solitary confinement on individuals’ mental health and recidivism. This paper aims to add to the existing literature by examining the relationships between 1) solitary confinement and mental health, and 2) solitary confinement and recidivism for individuals with mental illnesses. Utilizing administrative data from corrections facilities in a large Southeastern state, a series of linear regressions were used to examine the effects of solitary confinement on the need for mental health services, while a logistic regression was used to examine the effects of duration of time spent in solitary confinement on recidivism. Results show that need for mental health services differed for those with and without mental illness after time spent in solitary confinement. Results also indicated that longer placements in solitary confinement were associated with need for mental health services after return to the general population. Finally, a small but significant relationship emerged between solitary confinement and recidivism showing longer stays in solitary confinement increased recidivism. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 6","pages":"768 - 792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Qualitative Examination of Precautionary Measures in a Virtual Reality Fear Environment 虚拟现实恐惧环境中预防措施的定性研究

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09770-y

Nicole E. Rader, Courtney Heath, David C. May, Caitlyn Gaddy, Christopher Hudson, Daniel Carruth

{"title":"A Qualitative Examination of Precautionary Measures in a Virtual Reality Fear Environment","authors":"Nicole E. Rader, Courtney Heath, David C. May, Caitlyn Gaddy, Christopher Hudson, Daniel Carruth","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09770-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09770-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Americans take a myriad of safety precautions each day to prevent victimization, a costly and often time-consuming practice. Most of what we know about precautionary measures comes from the fear of crime literature. Previous studies typically examine precautionary measures in relation to fear of crime and ask respondents about behaviors they engaged in or avoided retroactively. Our research team put precautionary measures at the forefront by creating a virtual reality (VR) subway station where 105 participants entered a subway station, selected items to take with them on a train and selected a bench to wait for their train. The items included traditional precautionary measures (pepper spray, knife) and everyday items (cell phone, book, headphones, car keys). We also placed VR characters on a bench and asked participants to select a bench near or far from the characters. Participants were asked to explain their decision-making process. We learned that individuals engaged in avoidance and protective behaviors and our results found the decision-making process in the selection of these measures were complex and unique. The results of our study can help public safety agencies design public spaces so that individuals feel safer in these spaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 6","pages":"745 - 767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time in Crime: An Added Dimension to the Study of Crime Guns 犯罪时间：犯罪时间：犯罪枪支研究的新维度

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09769-5

Rick Dierenfeldt, Grant Drawve, Joshua May, Ellee Jackson

{"title":"Time in Crime: An Added Dimension to the Study of Crime Guns","authors":"Rick Dierenfeldt, Grant Drawve, Joshua May, Ellee Jackson","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09769-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09769-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A growing body of literature has explored the ‘life course’ of crime guns, with particular focus on the time between initial point of sale of firearms and their eventual recovery by police following a crime. We contend that this examination is incomplete, with limited consideration given to the period between a firearm’s first known use in a criminal offense and its recovery by police—which we refer to as time in crime. Increased understanding of this time frame is important given that crime guns are frequently recirculated among criminally involved groups and the recent finding that time in circulation following first known use in a crime is a significant predictor of multiple uses of crime guns. We add to the literature through application of negative binomial regression to a sample of 310 crime guns used in offenses in a city in the Southeastern United States to examine how neighborhood context and initial incident characteristics influence the number of days that firearms remain in circulation after their first known use in a crime. We find that increased levels of concentrated disadvantage and gang involvement during the original incident correspond with significant increases in time in crime, while increased levels of residential stability and the ability of police to identify suspects are linked with more rapid recovery of crime guns. Notably, these findings hold even after inclusion of popular time to crime covariates, including firearm quality, caliber, and status as a stolen gun.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 5","pages":"723 - 744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Social Network Analysis of Chronic Violent Offenders 对长期暴力犯罪者的社会网络分析

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09768-6

Davis Shelfer, Yan Zhang

引用次数: 0

Adolescent Weapon Carrying Inside and Outside of School: The Impact of Experiences and Perceptions of Violence 青少年在校内外携带武器：暴力经历和观念的影响

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09763-x

Timothy McCuddy, Austin Wyatt, Stephen Watts

{"title":"Adolescent Weapon Carrying Inside and Outside of School: The Impact of Experiences and Perceptions of Violence","authors":"Timothy McCuddy, Austin Wyatt, Stephen Watts","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09763-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09763-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined factors that distinguish adolescent weapon carrying in school compared to only in the community. We look at how experiences (offending, victimization, and gang-involvement) and perceptions (school, neighborhood, individual) toward violence are associated with self-reported weapon carrying in these two locations. Data came from two waves of the University of Missouri – St. Louis Comprehensive School Safety Initiative, a longitudinal study on the causes and consequences of school violence. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict weapon carrying among three mutually exclusive categories: those who do not carry, those who carry only in the community, and those who carry both in school and in the community. We find that victim/offenders are more likely to carry weapons regardless of context, but school weapon carrying is positively associated with fatalism and gang-involvement. One school factor, school commitment, impacted carrying both inside and outside of school. Our results identify unique factors that can reduce adolescent weapon carrying in general and specifically in school.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 5","pages":"678 - 699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12103-024-09763-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Measurement Matter? Examining the Impact of Outcome Measurement Variation On the Rates and Predictors of Juvenile Recidivism 衡量是否重要？研究结果测量差异对青少年累犯率和预测因素的影响

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09767-7

Sonja E. Siennick, Jhon A. Pupo, William M. Casey, Dequan J. Cowell, Brian J. Stults

{"title":"Does Measurement Matter? Examining the Impact of Outcome Measurement Variation On the Rates and Predictors of Juvenile Recidivism","authors":"Sonja E. Siennick, Jhon A. Pupo, William M. Casey, Dequan J. Cowell, Brian J. Stults","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09767-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09767-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concerns have been raised that cross-agency differences in the definition and measurement of juvenile recidivism may hamper the generalizability of knowledge and comparisons across jurisdictions. However, it is unclear whether measurement choices do impact the conclusions of studies of juvenile recidivism. This study examined whether the rates and the demographic, risk, and contextual predictors of juvenile recidivism varied by the operationalization of recidivism. The sample included 14,537 terms of probation of youths who completed probation in Florida between 2012 and 2016. Recidivism rates differed depending on the type of system contact and the follow-up length. Rates were comparable when adult system data were and were not included. Three-level multivariate multilevel models showed that the predictors were more strongly associated with commitment than with referral or adjudication. The directions and significance of the predictors’ effects were consistent across types of system contact, follow-up lengths, and data sources. Researchers should use varied measurement strategies, clearly describe their approach, and test for robustness across measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 5","pages":"653 - 677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0