American Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第2页

The Color of Confinement: Racial Bias and Jail Populations Across America 监禁的颜色：美国的种族偏见和监狱人口

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09788-2

Lorie A. Fridell, Christopher J. Marier

{"title":"The Color of Confinement: Racial Bias and Jail Populations Across America","authors":"Lorie A. Fridell, Christopher J. Marier","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09788-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09788-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study builds on the body of research examining whether racial disparities in criminal justice can be attributed to bias. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether there is a relationship between aggregate levels of bias and race-specific incarceration rates in U.S. counties. With data from the Vera Institute of Justice, the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Harvard Project Implicit, this study uses county-level estimates of implicit and explicit biases via Multilevel Regression with Poststratification to assess the relationship between those two types of biases and Black and White prisoners in 2,825 county jails across the U.S. using negative binomial regression. Results indicate that pro-White/anti-Black explicit and implicit bias are associated with a higher population-adjusted number of Black prisoners, and fewer White prisoners, even after controlling for socioeconomic covariates and arrest rates. This research provides compelling evidence that racial bias may contribute directly to racial inequity in jail populations and that bias can be understood as a collective phenomenon impacting social systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"50 2","pages":"307 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of COVID-19 Restrictions on Calls for Service on Drugs, Alcohol, and Mental Health COVID-19限制对药物、酒精和心理健康服务需求的影响

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09783-7

Mustafa Demir, Suyeon Park

引用次数: 0

Tailgates, Traffic, Police Militarization, and the Shadow of the Next School Shooting: Campus Police and the 1033 Program 车尾门、交通、警察军事化和下一次校园枪击案的阴影：校园警察和1033计划

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09785-5

Andrea Corradi, Harley Grey Meyer, David M. Ramey

{"title":"Tailgates, Traffic, Police Militarization, and the Shadow of the Next School Shooting: Campus Police and the 1033 Program","authors":"Andrea Corradi, Harley Grey Meyer, David M. Ramey","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09785-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09785-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With rising concerns surrounding police misuse of power and necessary responses to major crimes on college and university campuses, it is important to examine the potential militarization of campus police departments. While the militarization of non-campus police receives significant attention, there are distinct differences between these departments and police departments on campuses. To help shed light on militarization on college campuses, we rely on data from the Department of Defense (DOD) 1033 Program, which provides police departments an opportunity to request surplus military equipment. This request process includes justifications for why they need the item, allowing insight into the perceptions and duties of campus police officers. Using constructivist grounded theory, we qualitatively code 1,613 justifications by college and university police departments in the United States. Results suggest that while campus police departments have many commonalities with standard police departments, they also face unique challenges that they use DOD material to meet including the consistent presence of crowds, unique environmental contexts, and the ever-present risk of active shooters. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"50 2","pages":"205 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence Injury: Insights from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) 新冠肺炎疫情对家庭暴力伤害的影响——来自全国犯罪受害调查的启示

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09789-1

Auzeen Shariati, Yasemin Irvin-Erickson

引用次数: 0

Why Don’t the Police Make Me Feel Safe? Using Black’s Theory of Law to Potentially Extend Current Findings on Crime Victims’ Fear 为什么警察不能让我感到安全？运用布莱克的法律理论可能扩展目前关于犯罪受害者恐惧的发现

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09787-3

Shelly A. McGrath, Rachel Whaley, Jessica Abbott, David C. May

{"title":"Why Don’t the Police Make Me Feel Safe? Using Black’s Theory of Law to Potentially Extend Current Findings on Crime Victims’ Fear","authors":"Shelly A. McGrath, Rachel Whaley, Jessica Abbott, David C. May","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09787-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09787-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite an extensive body of literature centering around the fear of crime, victim fear, especially as it is affected by policing, remains understudied. To fill this research gap, we use National Crime Victimization (NCVS) data to analyze whether and to what extent police can influence fear of crime among violent crime victims, and whether variables inherent within propositions outlined by Black (1976) interact with police effort and actions, including whether an arrest was made in the case, to predict such fear. Findings suggest that few such variables interact with whether an arrest was made, and no variables interact with police effort in impacting victim fear. Specifically, only living in an urban area and renting rather than owning one’s home interact with an arrest being made in one’s case in predicting victim fear such that living in an urban area and having one’s case cleared with an arrest results in greater fear whereas being a renter whose case is cleared with an arrest yields decreased fear. Further, like earlier empirical work, we find that police effort itself increases victim fear while an arrest being made, in and of itself, has no significant effect on victim fear. A deeper analysis into our results and directions for future research are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"50 2","pages":"181 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12103-024-09787-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Helpful or Placebo? An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of MOUD in Carceral Settings 药物治疗阿片类药物使用障碍有用还是安慰剂？在监狱环境中评估mod的有效性

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09784-6

Michael Palmieri, Valerie Clark

引用次数: 0

The Code in the Corridors: School Victimization and the Code of the Street 走廊里的守则：学校受害与街道守则

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09781-9

Jacob H. Erickson, Sara L. Bryson, Lucy Sivils, Jessica Fernandez

{"title":"The Code in the Corridors: School Victimization and the Code of the Street","authors":"Jacob H. Erickson, Sara L. Bryson, Lucy Sivils, Jessica Fernandez","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09781-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09781-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While previous research demonstrates the negative consequences of victimization at school, less research has examined the link between victimization in school and adherence to the code of the street. Using two waves from the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) data, the current study investigated the impact of school victimization on street code adherence. Results indicated a general measure of school victimization was significantly associated with increased street code adherence at a later wave. We disaggregated this measure to assess the relationship between specific indicators of school victimization and increased street code adherence. Being attacked or threatened while traveling to or from school or while at school, having rumors or lies spread about oneself, and having sexual jokes or gestures directed at youth at school were related to street code adherence. Having things stolen at school and being made fun of for appearance or speech were not significantly associated with street code adherence. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications for these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"50 1","pages":"142 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

College Education, Politics, and Attitudes Towards Capital Punishment 大学教育、政治与对死刑的态度

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09782-8

Amy L. Anderson, Philip Schwadel

{"title":"College Education, Politics, and Attitudes Towards Capital Punishment","authors":"Amy L. Anderson, Philip Schwadel","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09782-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09782-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We argue that the decrease in support for the death penalty associated with college education should differ across political groups given the salience of political identities in the United States. We expect the negative association between education and views of capital punishment is minimized for Republicans and conservatives, especially among White Americans. We use 2002–2018 General Social Survey data and present marginal effects at the mean from the logistic regression models and tests of first and second differences from race-specific interaction models. Moderation analyses demonstrate that the association between education and reduced support for capital punishment is robust among White Democrats and liberals, and relatively weak among White Republicans and especially conservatives. Among non-Whites, the association between higher education and support for capital punishment does not vary by party but it is in the opposite directions for liberals and conservatives. We discuss the implication of the results for party and orientation and for White and non-White respondents, highlighting the rigidity of capital punishment support among political conservatives even as support decreases among other groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"50 1","pages":"119 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Translational Criminology and Law Enforcement 翻译犯罪学和执法

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09779-3

William M. Casey

引用次数: 0

Slowing Down Reinvolvement in the System: A Multi-Site Examination of the Effects of COVID on Time Until Readmission into Jail 减缓对系统的重新参与：对COVID对重新入狱前时间影响的多地点检查

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09778-4

Ian A. Silver, Emily Burtch, Kim Janda, Pamela K. Lattimore, Matthew DeMichele

{"title":"Slowing Down Reinvolvement in the System: A Multi-Site Examination of the Effects of COVID on Time Until Readmission into Jail","authors":"Ian A. Silver, Emily Burtch, Kim Janda, Pamela K. Lattimore, Matthew DeMichele","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09778-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09778-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented time in the United States, resulting in substantive changes to policy and practice to curb the spread of the virus. This was nowhere more evident than in the criminal legal system where agencies implemented a wide-variety of policies to limit the spread of COVID-19. In addition to limiting the spread, the criminal legal system’s response to the pandemic could have impacted the functioning of the system, potentially reducing the number of and speed at which individuals reencountered the system after an initial booking. To date, however, no research has been conducted to examine how the legal system’s response to the pandemic influenced the speed at which individuals became reinvolved in the system. Through reliance on jail data from five jurisdictions across the United States, the current study examined if being booked into jail after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with the number of days until the individual experienced a subsequent booking into jail. The findings suggested that the legal system’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic delayed individual’s reinvolvement in the criminal legal system, permitting more individuals to live in the community than in a facility. These findings suggest that more research is needed to identify the specific policies and procedures that increased the time until an individual became reinvolved in the system, as it could help diminish the number of individuals processed through the system on multiple occasions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"50 1","pages":"58 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0