American Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第4页

Mitigation for a Murderer 为杀人犯减刑

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09761-z

Craig J. Forsyth

引用次数: 0

The Deleterious Health Consequences of COVID in United States Prisons 美国监狱中 COVID 的有害健康后果

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09758-8

Xiaohan Mei, Melissa A. Kowalski, Leah Reddy, Ciara McGlynn, Mary K. Stohr, Craig Hemmens, Jiayu Li

{"title":"The Deleterious Health Consequences of COVID in United States Prisons","authors":"Xiaohan Mei, Melissa A. Kowalski, Leah Reddy, Ciara McGlynn, Mary K. Stohr, Craig Hemmens, Jiayu Li","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09758-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09758-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By January 2024, the COVID-19 pandemic claimed more than 1.1 million deaths in the United States (U.S.). People in prison are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 as they have no ability to socially distance, secure masks, disinfect their environment or have as much access to tests or vaccinations as is available in the community. In addition, many of these individuals reside in crowded conditions with little ventilation, which makes the spread of the virus more likely. In this paper, we used data from two projects, including the UCLA Law COVID Behind Bars Data Project and the COVID Prison Project, and supplemented these with publicly available data to examine the number of deaths and infection rates caused by COVID-19 among people in prison and prison staff in the U.S., as reported by the population of those facilities. We found that the incidence of infections and death rates in prisons were affected by crowding, prison security type (maximum, medium, minimum, or mixed) and level of prison (state or federal). People in prison who were less likely to have as much human contact (e.g., maximum-security prisons) were also less likely to be afflicted with COVID-19. People in prison were twice as likely to be infected by COVID-19 but had a similar death rate compared to the general public. Prison overcrowding increased the infection rate. The most effective state health policy was to quarantine people who had close contact with confirmed, positive cases. Further, state prisons demonstrated a higher death rate compared to federal prisons. Greater efforts to ameliorate COVID-19 and similar pathogens should be directed at state prisons with lower-level security and prisons with closer contact with the community. Quarantining close-contacts and restricting movements were the most effective state-level responses to reduce infections in prisons during April 2020 to April 2022.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 3","pages":"435 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Veterans Treatment Courts during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Examination of Adaptations and Best Practices for Continuing Operation COVID-19 大流行期间的退伍军人治疗法院：对持续运作的适应性和最佳做法的研究

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09760-0

Caroline I. Jalain, Melissa J. Stacer

引用次数: 0

Examining the Association Between Citizenship and Ethnicity on Identity Theft Risk: Findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey 研究公民身份和种族对身份盗窃风险的影响：全国犯罪受害者调查的结果

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09759-7

Cooper A. Maher

{"title":"Examining the Association Between Citizenship and Ethnicity on Identity Theft Risk: Findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey","authors":"Cooper A. Maher","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09759-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09759-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies examining citizenship, ethnicity, and victimization risk have offered mixed findings. Despite this, works have largely focused upon direct-contact victimization, and do not offer insights into how this risk may vary across these dimensions for other crimes not characterized by direct contact, such as identity theft. This lack of understanding undermines abilities to tailor policies to effectively support vulnerable persons, and may potentially elevate risk of this costly crime among marginalized groups. Given this, the study aims to examine the associations between citizenship status, ethnicity and identity theft risk. Using a sample from the 2018 National Crime Victimization Survey’s Identity Theft Supplement (<i>n</i> = 71,984), logistic regression analyses examined the odds of identity theft. Lacking citizenship was associated with decreased odds of identity theft victimization, as was Hispanic ethnicity. However, Hispanic noncitizens faced higher relative risk than either noncitizens or Hispanic persons individually. Noncitizens’ decreased relative risk may stem from avoidance behaviors which reduce their suitability or exposure through a lifestyle-routine activities perspective. Hispanic noncitizens’ increased risk relative to others may stem from their doubly marginalized status. Future work is needed considering avoidance behaviors and citizenship status, to more clearly understand how these factors influence relative risk of victimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 3","pages":"400 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empirical Examination of Factors that Influence Official Decisions in Criminal Cases Against Police Officers 对影响针对警官的刑事案件中官方决定的因素的经验研究

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09756-w

Francis D. Boateng, Daniel K. Pryce, Michael K. Dzordzormenyoh, Ming-Li Hsieh, Alan Cuff

{"title":"Empirical Examination of Factors that Influence Official Decisions in Criminal Cases Against Police Officers","authors":"Francis D. Boateng, Daniel K. Pryce, Michael K. Dzordzormenyoh, Ming-Li Hsieh, Alan Cuff","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09756-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09756-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current paper, we examine departmental and court decision-making in criminal cases against police officers. The study has two objectives: 1) to examine variables that impact departmental decisions in criminal cases against police officers, and 2) to examine factors that affect case disposition/conviction decisions by the courts. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed nationally representative arrest data using multiple statistical approaches. The results obtained revealed important patterns that are critical to our understanding of how the courts and police departments decide matters relating to police criminality. For instance, victim characteristics significantly influenced decision-making by both the police agency and the court. Also, officer characteristics and crime types were important indicators of how offending officers were punished by both the courts and the agencies that employed them. Specifically, officers whose cases involved child victims and officers who were not familiar with their victims had greater odds of being convicted. The implications of our findings for policy and research in policing, especially research on police misconduct, are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 3","pages":"462 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12103-024-09756-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19’s Effect on Crisis Intervention Team Calls for Service in Houston COVID-19 对休斯顿危机干预小组服务呼叫的影响

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09757-9

Kyler R. Nielson, Yan Zhang

{"title":"COVID-19’s Effect on Crisis Intervention Team Calls for Service in Houston","authors":"Kyler R. Nielson, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09757-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09757-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research examining the effects of COVID-19 on the criminal legal system—including the demand for police services—is accumulating. However, few empirical inquiries have sought to examine the pandemic’s effect on mental health and wellbeing by analyzing calls for service (CFS) involving emotionally disturbed persons (EDP). This study examines CFS received pre- and post-pandemic by Houston’s crisis intervention team (CIT). By examining visual trends and using interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA), we analyze COVID-19’s immediate and long-term effects. In the current study we examine three distinct call types: (1) Risk to others; (2) Risk to self; and (3) Welfare calls. Findings demonstrate significant increases in the overall CFS after the implementation of the initial stay-at-home order in Houston, with some differences in trends based on call type. These findings further our understanding of COVID-19’s impact on mental health and wellbeing during the pandemic through the lens of the increased demand for police services. Specific implications for the study site department are discussed, and to the extent possible, general implications for other departments with CIT programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 4","pages":"531 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Procedural Justice Moderate the Effect of Collective Efficacy on Police Legitimacy? 程序正义是否会调节集体效率对警察合法性的影响？

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09753-z

Yongjae Nam, Chris Melde

{"title":"Does Procedural Justice Moderate the Effect of Collective Efficacy on Police Legitimacy?","authors":"Yongjae Nam, Chris Melde","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09753-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09753-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research suggests perceptions of neighborhood social dynamics and judgments that the police follow fair procedures are strongly correlated with residents’ views of police legitimacy. The nature of these relationships is less clear, including the extent to which the association between informal neighborhood dynamics and police legitimacy is influenced by perceptions of police practice. We examined whether perceptions of procedural justice moderate the effect of collective efficacy beliefs on police legitimacy evaluations. Utilizing data from three city-level victimization surveys (<i>N</i> = 2,837), we found that the influence of collective efficacy beliefs on police legitimacy evaluations was moderated by judgments that the police follow fair procedures. When perceptions of procedural justice are at their mean or higher, collective efficacy beliefs are unassociated with police legitimacy. Conversely, collective efficacy beliefs have a stronger impact on legitimacy evaluations when procedural justice is low. Results suggest perceptions that police treat people fairly minimize the impact of low collective efficacy beliefs on police legitimacy evaluations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 4","pages":"590 - 613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sometimes they Come Back: Recidivism and the Adult Imprisonment of Formerly Incarcerated Serious And Violent Juvenile Offenders 有时他们会回来重犯与曾被监禁的严重和暴力少年犯的成年监禁

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09755-x

Chad R. Trulson, Jessica M. Craig, Jonathan W. Caudill, Matt DeLisi

{"title":"Sometimes they Come Back: Recidivism and the Adult Imprisonment of Formerly Incarcerated Serious And Violent Juvenile Offenders","authors":"Chad R. Trulson, Jessica M. Craig, Jonathan W. Caudill, Matt DeLisi","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09755-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09755-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the adult imprisonment outcomes of a cohort of serious and violent juvenile offenders released from Texas state juvenile correctional facilities during their transition from adolescence to early adulthood. We distinguish incarceration in the adult prison system as resulting from a new offense or as the result of a revocation for a technical supervision violation. Of the sample (<i>n</i> = 709), 37% were incarcerated in Texas’ adult prison system within two years following their release from state juvenile incarceration—16% were incarcerated for a new offense and 21% were incarcerated for revocation as a result of a technical violation of supervision. Results indicate that race, being a sexual offender, gang affiliate, engaging in violent institutional misconduct as a juvenile ward, being under supervised release, and age at initial juvenile incarceration were determinants of adult incarceration for any reason. Similar determinants of incarceration were found examining incarceration for offenders released under community supervision. Prior placements as a juvenile and gang affiliation were correlated with incarceration for a new offense. Research and policy implications are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 3","pages":"349 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incarcerated Veterans and their Adaptation to Prison 被监禁的退伍军人及其对监狱的适应性

IF 1.8 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-024-09754-y

Melissa J. Stacer, Monica Solinas-Saunders

{"title":"Incarcerated Veterans and their Adaptation to Prison","authors":"Melissa J. Stacer, Monica Solinas-Saunders","doi":"10.1007/s12103-024-09754-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12103-024-09754-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2016, an estimated 107,400 veterans were incarcerated in the U.S. (Maruschak et al., 2021), comprising part of the population known as “justice-involved veterans,” veterans involved in the criminal justice system. The current study explores the influence military training had on the way justice-involved veterans “do time” in prison. In sharp contrast to the misconduct literature, which utilizes quantitative data and links variables statistically to some measurement of prison misconduct, the current study is one of the first to qualitatively explore how incarcerated veterans connect their military experiences to their adjustment to prison life by giving voice to the veterans themselves. Forty-three currently incarcerated veterans in a Midwestern state were interviewed. They described how they acclimatized to the correctional environment utilizing the discipline and adherence to structure learned during their military service. If justice-involved veterans adapt to the prison environment by relying on their military training, then it may be possible to help them further utilize that training to succeed in rehabilitation and reentry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51509,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"49 4","pages":"552 - 575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editor’s Farewell 编辑的告别

IF 5.6 2区社会学

American Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-023-09752-6

J. Mitchell Miller

引用次数: 0