European Journal of Criminology最新文献_第8页

Social inequality in alternative sanctions: A register data study on all adolescent drug offenders in Norway 2005–2015 替代制裁中的社会不平等:2005-2015年挪威所有青少年毒品罪犯的登记数据研究

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/14773708211039646

Thomas Anton Sandøy, Ståle Østhus, A. Bretteville-Jensen

{"title":"Social inequality in alternative sanctions: A register data study on all adolescent drug offenders in Norway 2005–2015","authors":"Thomas Anton Sandøy, Ståle Østhus, A. Bretteville-Jensen","doi":"10.1177/14773708211039646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708211039646","url":null,"abstract":"The penal repertoire for young offenders in Europe encompasses an increasing variety of alternative sanctions. Research indicates that the availability and implementation of these sanctions vary within jurisdictions, raising issues of unequal treatment for equal offences. Among possible factors associated with intra-jurisdictional disparities in alternative sentencing outcomes is the socioeconomic status of young offenders. This study investigates the social profile of diverted youth, thereby addressing social inequalities in alternative sanctioning. Register data on all 15- to 17-year olds charged with minor drug offences in Norway between 2005 and 2015 (N = 3209) were compared to a randomly drawn sample of non-offenders (N = 69,201). Offenders who were diverted from a fine to a conditional waiver of prosecution, either with or without rehabilitative measures, were classified with an alternative sanction. Socioeconomic status was measured by an indicator combining register data on household income and parental education. Probit regressions with sample selection were used to identify social gradients in alternative sanctioning. By extensive register linkages, we were able to control for a range of well-known confounders such as gender, immigrant status, family composition, parental crime, and geographical centrality. We found that the probability of receiving a conditional waiver of prosecution was around 5% points higher for youth from a medium-high socioeconomic status background and 8% points higher for youth from a high socioeconomic status background compared with their low socioeconomic status counterparts. The positive social gradient pertained to sanctioning with rehabilitative elements and not to minimal interventions. Social inequality in desistance-oriented sanctions, which may consolidate pre-existing inequalities in criminal charges, is likely influenced by the resources parents have at their disposal to get involved in their children’s legal processes.","PeriodicalId":51475,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Criminology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1331 - 1348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42820248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Information sharing in community policing in Europe: Building public confidence 欧洲社区警务中的信息共享:建立公众信心

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/14773708211037902

Elizabeth V. Aston, M. O’Neill, Y. Hail, Andrew Wooff

{"title":"Information sharing in community policing in Europe: Building public confidence","authors":"Elizabeth V. Aston, M. O’Neill, Y. Hail, Andrew Wooff","doi":"10.1177/14773708211037902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708211037902","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on the importance of procedural justice in policing is extensive. Using the context of information sharing in community policing, this paper argues that interactional, procedural and distributive justice are salient in interactions between the police and the public, both online and face-to-face. Structured interviews (n = 161) were conducted with members of young minority groups and intermediaries (who work with minorities and police agencies) across nine countries in Europe. Our analysis of barriers and facilitators to sharing information with the police highlights processes of interactional, procedural and distributive justice in building public confidence. We highlight theoretical and practical implications of relevance to policing internationally. Our findings show that demonstrating aspects of interactional justice (attitude and behaviour, accessibility and communication, personal contact and relationships); procedural justice (responsiveness and efficiency, data protection and security); and distributive justice (outcomes and effectiveness, equity in distribution of policing services) have a role in building public confidence and facilitating information sharing with police online and face-to-face. We conclude that in addition to micro-level interactions, meso-level social processes (e.g. community policing models and data protection and security procedures) can be useful in enhancing public confidence.","PeriodicalId":51475,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Criminology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1349 - 1368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42464178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

European legislators’ attitudes toward childhood sexuality from the perspective of age of consent legislation 从同意年龄立法看欧洲立法者对儿童性行为的态度

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1177/14773708211046195

Guangxing Zhu

{"title":"European legislators’ attitudes toward childhood sexuality from the perspective of age of consent legislation","authors":"Guangxing Zhu","doi":"10.1177/14773708211046195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708211046195","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood sexuality is a culturally constructed notion, which has constantly been subjected to change. Various constructions of childhood sexuality represent different attitudes toward children's engagement in sex. As a substantial factor in regulating children's sexuality, a country's age of consent legislation is an important indicator of the national legislators' attitudes toward childhood sexuality. This study summarizes four main discourses around child sexuality, ranging from traditional constructions that solely focus on protecting the child's “innocence” to modern notions that provide more leeway for children to explore their sexuality. By juxtaposing these discourses against the current age of consent laws in 57 European jurisdictions, it appears that national law makers in Europe are still mainly influenced by the traditional construction of childhood sexuality, which results in various negative consequences. To avoid the disconnect between academic discussions about childhood sexuality and legislators' rationales for their actions, it is recommended that legislators take the latest findings in academia into account and reflect on the rationales behind their legislation.","PeriodicalId":51475,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Criminology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1309 - 1330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47961421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Bringing narrative victimology to transitional justice: Blame, victimhood and life stories of wrongful conviction 将叙事受害者学引入过渡时期司法：过错、受害者身份和错误定罪的人生故事

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/14773708211038519

Kevin Hearty

引用次数: 1

Parole as resentencing: Exploring the punitive accounts of parole decision-making through the comparative case study of Israel 假释作为怨恨：通过以色列的比较案例研究探索假释决策的惩罚性解释

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/14773708211039635

Netanel Dagan

{"title":"Parole as resentencing: Exploring the punitive accounts of parole decision-making through the comparative case study of Israel","authors":"Netanel Dagan","doi":"10.1177/14773708211039635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708211039635","url":null,"abstract":"Parole boards have traditionally assessed prisoners’ future risk and rehabilitation prospects in deciding on early release from prison. However, parole boards may do more. In some systems, they may deny parole applications for punitive reasons, thus acting as a resentencing authority. This study conducted a qualitative analysis of the punitive discourses of parole decision-making, with Israel as a comparative case study. Through interviews with 20 chairpersons of Israeli Parole Boards, we found three themes of punitive parole decision-making: (a) preserving public confidence in the criminal justice system; (b) preserving penal proportionality; and (c) re-censuring an especially depraved moral character. The findings suggested that parole boards’ punitive discretion is multidimensional and complex. Such punitive discretion may be openly implemented, it may be cloaked as risk assessment, or decided without formal recognition. The findings further indicated that resentencing through discretionary parole may not only conflict with rehabilitation and risk aims, but may also raise challenges for retributive and deterrent penal policy. Implications for comparative parole policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51475,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Criminology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1231 - 1250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47904150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of corruption and homicide in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries through the lens of the institutional anomie theory 基于制度失范理论的经济合作与发展组织国家腐败与凶杀的模糊定性比较分析

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/14773708211037898

J. Cruz

{"title":"A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of corruption and homicide in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries through the lens of the institutional anomie theory","authors":"J. Cruz","doi":"10.1177/14773708211037898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708211037898","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional Anomie Theory has been widely used in the study of criminal phenomena. Institutional Anomie Theory offers a macro explanation of crime because it locates the cause of crime in the anomie created by the combination of a cultural overemphasis on monetary success and restricted economic opportunity. In such a context, the economy dominates the social macrostructure and non-economic social institutions (family, education, polity) may counterbalance (Merton's approach) or reinforce (Messner and Rosenfeld's approach) economic pressures. Institutional Anomie Theory has been tested with multivariate regression and with multilevel modelling. Neither of these statistical approaches addresses the question of which combinations of institutions lead to criminal behaviour. This study attempts to fill this gap by using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis which allows multiple causality and asymmetric analysis of high and low crime rates. Based on the Institutional Anomie Theory theoretical model, this study demonstrates the existence of conditions for corruption and homicide in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. The results are generally consistent with Merton's approach. It is shown that economic pressures combined with weak social institutions condition the extent of corruption and homicide in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. However, there are differences between the two types of crime. The results also suggest that there is no symmetry in the causal combinations between high and low crime rates. The implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51475,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Criminology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1285 - 1308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47516862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prison officer students’ perceptions of persons convicted of sexual crimes 狱警学生对性犯罪者的看法

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/14773708211038538

C. Friestad, Kristian Mjåland, H. Pape

引用次数: 1

Severe versus less severe intimate partner violence: Aggressors and victims 严重与不那么严重的亲密伴侣暴力:施暴者和受害者

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1177/1477370821995145

Raúl Aguilar Ruiz, María José González Calderón, A. González García

{"title":"Severe versus less severe intimate partner violence: Aggressors and victims","authors":"Raúl Aguilar Ruiz, María José González Calderón, A. González García","doi":"10.1177/1477370821995145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370821995145","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the differences between severe intimate partner violence (S-IPV) and less severe intimate partner violence (LS-IPV), reports by 16,385 women who had suffered some type of abuse in 2016 and 2017 were analysed by means of the Police Risk Assessment Questionnaire. Chi-square tests indicate that S-IPV aggressors present criminological features to a significantly greater extent and are more likely to perpetrate various types of violence against their partners (for example, sexual aggression, death threats, degrading treatment, and controlling behaviour). Their behaviours seem to depend more on their beliefs and attitudes than on any possible psychopathological disturbance. Likewise, the victims of S-IPV are significantly more likely to report substance abuse, isolation from their environment, and vulnerability due to a mental disorder or disability; furthermore, they are less likely to report their abusers and continue with the judicial process. Therefore, efforts must be focused on fighting isolation, guaranteeing access to assistance and support services, and protecting victims during the processing of the criminal investigation. Professionals must also be alert to conflicts between partners linked to emotional breakdown and apply the relevant risk-management strategies, especially in cases with a history of mistreatment of women and an increase in violence severity.","PeriodicalId":51475,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Criminology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1211 - 1230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65987562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preventing outlaw biker crime in the Netherlands or just changing the dark figure? Estimating the impact of the Dutch whole-of-government approach on outlaw biker crime using interrupted time series analysis 在荷兰防止非法摩托车手犯罪还是仅仅改变黑暗的形象？使用中断时间序列分析估计荷兰政府整体方法对非法摩托车手犯罪的影响

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/14773708211024845

Christian Klement, A. Blokland

{"title":"Preventing outlaw biker crime in the Netherlands or just changing the dark figure? Estimating the impact of the Dutch whole-of-government approach on outlaw biker crime using interrupted time series analysis","authors":"Christian Klement, A. Blokland","doi":"10.1177/14773708211024845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708211024845","url":null,"abstract":"Confronted with growing public concern about violence and other serious crime committed by outlaw motorcycle clubs, in 2012 the Dutch government launched a whole-of-government approach to discourage club membership and organized criminal behaviour. The whole-of-government approach included a zero tolerance policy towards crimes committed by outlaw bikers and increased law enforcement and prosecutorial attention towards members of outlaw motorcycle groups (OMCG members) and their support clubs. In this study, we estimate the effects of the whole-of-government approach on the level of prosecutorial charges levied against the Dutch biker population. We do so by applying (quasi-experimental) interrupted time series analysis to the conviction data available on 1617 Dutch OMCG members and 473 support club members in four recorded crime categories: overall crime, violent crime, organized crime and traffic offences. Although caveats remain, results indicate that the whole-of-government approach has a causal effect on the criminal involvement of OMCG and support club members, but that the nature of this effect depends on the type of crime and the subsample in question. Overall crime in the total sample seems unaffected by the approach, whereas organized crime committed by OMCG members is shown to decrease. We discuss whether the patterns observed are due to behavioural changes in OMCG and support club members, or whether they result from changes in police practices and, consequently, a changing dark figure of crime. We conclude our article with some reflections on future research.","PeriodicalId":51475,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Criminology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1187 - 1210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41558045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Migrations in times of economic crisis: Reflections on labour, inequality and imprisonment in Italy 经济危机时期的移民:对意大利劳工、不平等和监禁的反思

IF 1.9 3区社会学

European Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/14773708211032748

Stefania Crocitti

引用次数: 0