Cultural Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"HABILITATING BODYMINDS, CARING FOR POTENTIAL: Disability Therapeutics after Zika in Bahia, Brazil","authors":"K. ELIZA WILLIAMSON","doi":"10.14506/ca39.1.02","DOIUrl":"10.14506/ca39.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article traces how Brazilian mothers raising children with congenital Zika syndrome cultivate their children's bodyminds through habilitative care—care that mobilizes a range of substances, technologies, and techniques to encourage maximum potential development of embodied abilities in young disabled children. Based on fieldwork conducted since 2016 with families impacted by the Zika epidemic in Bahia, Brazil, I argue that Bahian mothers' intensive investments in habilitative care constitute a way of asserting their children's deservingness of ongoing care and of contesting public narratives of their children's lack of futurity, thereby challenging exclusionary ideas about whose bodyminds are worth “potentializing.” In dialogue with critical disability studies, I show how habilitative care is bound to discourses of “overcoming” and “curing” disability that scholars in this field have long criticized. I use my ethnography to unsettle these critiques, asking how to attend to the shaping of developing bodyminds amid the precarities of everyday life in the Global South.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 1","pages":"9-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.1.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VOLUMES: The Politics of Calculation in Contemporary Peruvian Amazonia","authors":"EDUARDO ROMERO DIANDERAS","doi":"10.14506/ca39.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent years have witnessed the advancement of several technocratic interventions in the context of the global environmental crisis that aim to calculate and track different objects of environmental concern at various scales. In this article, I focus on how such technocratic interventions are transforming the processes by which tropical timber is technically rendered into calculational abstractions known as “volumes” in Peru's tropical timber supply chains. Drawing on twenty-four months of fieldwork following the activities of loggers, timber industrialists, and state technocrats across Peru's Amazonian region of Loreto, I show how calculational abstractions can never fully circumvent the frictions of power, history, and bodily experience. Rather, technocratic interventions aiming to standardize tropical timber-calculation procedures ultimately transform volumes into fertile ethnographic terrains from which to appreciate how competing forms of political imagination intersect and collide with each other as Amazonia enters the age of climate change and biodiversity loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 1","pages":"64-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.1.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NO STONE UNTURNED","authors":"DEANNA L. BYRD,&nbsp;IAN THOMPSON","doi":"10.14506/ca39.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i><b>A prefatory note from the editorial collective</b>. When the Society for Cultural Anthropology selected our distributed, international editorial collective to lead</i> Cultural Anthropology, <i>they did so in part to support our commitment to opening channels of this crucial platform of our discipline beyond the scope of privileged, endowed higher educational institutions in the United States. As one step of this process, in this issue we provide space to the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma to describe their work since the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) in 1990. As Deanna L. Byrd, the NAGPRA Liaison-Coordinator and Research and Outreach Program Manager of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, and Ian Thompson, the Tribal Historic Preservation Officer of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, writes, since that time, “Native American communities gained a measure of say in how ancestral burials are treated on federal lands. The law also established a mechanism to help Native American, Alaskan, and Native Hawaiian communities have open dialogue with institutions across the country about the return of their ancestors, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony.” Please read the rest of their guest commentary to learn more</i>.</p><p>Choctaw people thrived for thousands of years in our homeland, what is now the southeastern United States, spreading from portions of western Alabama, the panhandle of Florida, and Mississippi. Deep cultural ties to the land, knowledge, and lifeways were passed from generation to generation. Through time, Choctaw communities shared this landscape with other Muskogean-language speaking Tribes and developed relationships far beyond the southeast region through trade networks, the negotiation of hunting grounds, and exploration. These relationships remain today in recognition of this long history.</p><p>As European expansion encroached on Choctaw homelands, a series of land cessions slowly forced Choctaw people to move to the interior of Mississippi or west into Louisiana. Beginning with the Treaty of Mobile in 1765, in just forty-seven years the Choctaw ceded the vast majority of their land to the United States. Millions of acres were relinquished, ending with the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1830 as part of the Indian Removal Act. This treaty set in motion the Removal period for Choctaw people to land west of the Mississippi River in Indian Territory, or what is now the state of Oklahoma.</p><p>As the first Tribe removed by the federal government, the Choctaw people faced merciless peril through disorganization and mismanagement. Some members stayed in Mississippi and make up one of our sister Tribes, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians (MBCI), while others migrated west into Louisiana, joining our second sister Tribe, the Jena Band of Choctaw Indians. Beginning in 1831, most Choctaw people, however, left to Indian Territory and endured hardships, dis","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.1.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HUMAN ROUTERS: How Syrian Refugee Brokers Build the Infrastructure of Displacement","authors":"ANN-CHRISTIN ZUNTZ","doi":"10.14506/ca38.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca38.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Syrian refugees resort to a rich ecosystem of brokers who not only facilitate border crossings but also move remittances, jobs, knowledge, wives, and more. How are refugees' circulations made possible, and by whom? Drawing on fieldwork with Syrian brokers in Turkey and the United Kingdom, I put forward the novel concepts of a Syrian infrastructure of displacement and of refugee brokers as a particular infrastructural component, namely, as human routers. Like routers, brokers manage, direct, and control resource flows. Revisiting Julia Elyachar's concept of communicative channels, I contend that refugee brokers and their clients rely on such pre-existing connections, built on shared experiences of migration, brokerage, and hospitality. Reactivated in exile through brokers' performances of “Syrianness,” these channels facilitate a shared sense of belonging needed for their business transactions. The ways in which refugee brokers slip seamlessly between business, charitable deeds, and exploitation challenge the abstract ideas of disinterested solidarity that underpin mainstream humanitarianism.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"38 4","pages":"517-540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca38.4.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138449557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THROUGH THE BODY OF THE MIDWIFE: Ethos, Labor, and the Cultivation of Trust in Health Care in Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"CATHERINE SMITH","doi":"10.14506/ca38.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca38.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The question of how to build trust in health care is one that faces health-care workers and public health actors around the world. This article illustrates how midwives in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, have over time generated a distinctive ethos that characterizes the culture of their practice, and that stands as the object of a substantive generalized trust in midwives. In bringing attention to the multidimensional forms of labor carried out by health-care workers in a resource-poor setting, this article shows how cultures of medicine are generated and embodied by health-care workers in ways that mediate the dynamics of trust in health care. It offers a case study of the successful cultivation of trust in health care, while also reflecting on the problematic implications of the tendency to rely heavily on the labor of health-care workers for the development of trust-based health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"38 4","pages":"492-516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca38.4.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138449556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MALICIOUS GAME: Friendship, Foresight, and Philosophy at an Iraqi Teahouse in Jordan","authors":"ZACHARY SHELDON","doi":"10.14506/ca38.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca38.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the late-night cafés of Amman, Jordan, Iraqi refugees have adopted a new game, called <i>jaakaaroo</i>, that they say is more “malicious” than familiar favorites like dominoes or backgammon. Meanwhile, they decry the cruelty, greed, and suspicion that have eroded social bonds in their home and host countries. Borrowing concepts from Arabic philosophy, I argue that the formal routines of the game act on the same faculty of estimation (<i>al-wahm</i>) that migrants use to read strangers' intentions while disguising their own. When this sense of suspicion emanates from the ingenious device of the game itself, which I theorize as a form of agent intellect (<i>al-'aql al-faa'il</i>), new and troubling feelings come to be absorbed within the broader aesthetic assemblage of teahouse sociality. In these spaces, the harshness of the present becomes enfolded within nostalgic routines—a creative act of solidarity that exceeds binary tropes of hope and uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"38 4","pages":"467-491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca38.4.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138449555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SUBSTITUTE AND THE EXCUSE: Growing Sustainability, Growing Sugarcane in São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"KATIE ULRICH","doi":"10.14506/ca38.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca38.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amid climate change and produced unevenness in geopolitical development, the question of how sustainability and growth might be brought together is a concern for many scientists of renewable energy in the Global South. This article explores answers offered by scientists in São Paulo, Brazil, who make renewable fuels and materials from sugarcane. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and tracing the “material of growth,” the article analyzes the traffic between sugarcane biological growth, industry growth, and economic growth in the context of the crop's history of colonial expansion and environmental destruction. It argues that some scientific practices lay the molecular foundations for a <i>substitutive</i> “sustainable growth” that replicates petro-extractivist growth. Others allow for further permutations of how sustainability and growth might go together, particularly when scientists use sugarcane renewables as an <i>excuse</i> to develop other research aims. The article contributes to anthropological understandings of science, energy cultures, technical practices, and transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"38 4","pages":"439-466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca38.4.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138449554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GAINING VOICE THROUGH INJURY: Voice and Corporeality in Animal Rights Activism in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico","authors":"IVÁN SANDOVAL-CERVANTES","doi":"10.14506/ca38.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca38.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Activism in favor of non-human animals is on the rise throughout Mexico despite ongoing and episodic violence. Activists, also known as <i>animalistas</i>, represent themselves as the “voice” of non-human animals as they seek rights and well-being for animals. In Ciudad Juárez, a border city once considered the most dangerous city in the world (2008–2012), <i>animalistas</i> engage in complex ways with non-human bodies as they seek to “speak” for them. This article analyzes the relationship between injured bodies and voice in Ciudad Juárez's <i>animalista</i> movement, with the act of the rescue as the point of inception. Injured animal bodies prove central for activists because anthropogenic violence transforms dogs' bodies. Non-human injured bodies, and their visual representations, allow <i>animalistas</i> to position themselves as the voice of an animal that survived an abuse while also individualizing and depolitizicing—through the discourse of pathology—violence against dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"38 4","pages":"541-566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca38.4.05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138449583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECULATIVE UNDERGROUNDS: Oil's Absent Presence, Neo-imperial Nationalisms, and Earth Politics in Turkey","authors":"ZEYNEP OGUZ","doi":"10.14506/ca38.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca38.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fraught tectonic history of Anatolia has given oil in Turkey an absent presence. In this article, I examine how oil's absent presence produces a series of speculations in Turkish public life regarding oil's alleged abundance and its obstructed production. In particular, I trace widespread speculations that claim that the Treaty of Lausanne, which founded Turkey in 1923, will expire on its centennial anniversary in July 2023. I argue that speculations about the expiration of Lausanne harken back to both anxieties around territorial partition and neo-imperial desires of expansion in contemporary Turkey. Such speculations are further utilized by the AKP government to reinterpret Turkey's history and to legitimize expansionist and irredentist politics in the present. In this context the ground—what's under it and who exerts political claims over it—becomes a productive zone in which multiple ethno-nationalist and imperialist notions of territorial belonging, loss, and desire are played out. I conclude that by recalibrating anthropological analyses around the generative powers of the geological, we can better understand how the indeterminacy of the underground entwines with the political legacies of post-imperial collapse and nation-state formation that emerged in the aftermath of World War I.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"38 3","pages":"411-437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca38.3.05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50118879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BUREAUCRAFT: Statemakers in Amman and Baghdad","authors":"JOSÉ CIRO MARTÍNEZ,&nbsp;OMAR SIRRI","doi":"10.14506/ca38.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca38.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bakers and soldiers strive to provide subsistence and security to the residents of Amman and Baghdad. Neither set of actors is involved in straightforward administrative work; they do not sit behind desks, they rarely push paper. They are instead enrolled in bureaucratic assemblages colored with an altogether different hue. This article dissects the embodied dexterities deployed by bakers and soldiers as they carry out their jobs at bakeries and checkpoints dotted across the Jordanian and Iraqi capitals. Drawing on ethnographic work, we develop the concept of bureaucraft to analyze the variegated modes of labor without which citizens would lack for some of the most basic of public goods. Taming people and things to make them congenial to the state effect takes a great deal of shrewd maneuvering. We strive to demonstrate that it requires craft.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"38 3","pages":"386-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca38.3.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50118880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}