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ECONOMY OF FAVORS: Tiered Labor Systems on Mexico's Car Assembly Lines 人情经济：墨西哥汽车装配线上的分级劳工制度
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.3.04
ALEJANDRA GONZÁLEZ JIMÉNEZ
{"title":"ECONOMY OF FAVORS: Tiered Labor Systems on Mexico's Car Assembly Lines","authors":"ALEJANDRA GONZÁLEZ JIMÉNEZ","doi":"10.14506/ca39.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inequalities are inherent to capitalism. However, supply-chain production has introduced new dynamics in which workers situated in uneven labor regimes increasingly find themselves working alongside one another. On Mexico's car assembly lines, autoworkers work next to logistics workers. The former belong to a residual workforce shaped by the historical triadic social contract between organized labor, the state, and companies; the latter are among the most precarious workers in the post-NAFTA era. This ethnographic study focuses on how a tiered labor system shapes the sociality between workforces and draws attention to the circulation of favors—asymmetrical exchanges of material and nonmaterial assistance that unintentionally arise from uneven working conditions. By delving into these exchanges, this article illuminates the ways in which gender and age intersect in reconfiguring a tiered labor system. It offers insights into the precariousness of labor flexibility by providing a glimpse into the dynamics on a factory shop floor.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 3","pages":"400-427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.3.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EFFECTIVE CYNICISM: Waste, Power, and the Negotiation of Urban Decay and Renewal in Ulaanbaatar 有效的共产主义：乌兰巴托的废物、权力和城市衰败与重建的谈判
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.3.05
REBEKAH PLUECKHAHN
{"title":"EFFECTIVE CYNICISM: Waste, Power, and the Negotiation of Urban Decay and Renewal in Ulaanbaatar","authors":"REBEKAH PLUECKHAHN","doi":"10.14506/ca39.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, I show how “effective cynicism” allows residents to decipher unequal power relations in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Ethnographic analysis of the myriad ways residents hold onto dilapidated housing in a failed redevelopment scheme reveals how residents' cynical reflections assist in their efforts to decipher and mobilize state authority. Residents undertake this while simultaneously negotiating the insidious decay of waste accumulated as a by-product of failed redevelopment processes. Throughout, I focus on the presence of waste and cynicism as phenomena that both foreclose and open possibilities. I argue that residents' repurposing of cynicism as a diagnostic tool, rather than producing detachment, presents a reframing of Peter Sloterdijk's (1987) discussions of cynical realism, where such realism holds generative potential. Considering the lived experience of urban decay through the three-pronged analytical framework of cynicism, power, and waste reveals subtle residential reconfigurations emerging within the materialities of for-profit redevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 3","pages":"428-454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.3.05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
QUANTIFYING VULNERABILITY: Humanitarian Datafication and the Neophilia of Integrated Power 量化脆弱性：人道主义数据化与综合国力的新嗜好
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.3.02
MALAY FIROZ
{"title":"QUANTIFYING VULNERABILITY: Humanitarian Datafication and the Neophilia of Integrated Power","authors":"MALAY FIROZ","doi":"10.14506/ca39.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humanitarianism has recently undergone a so-called innovation turn, utilizing cutting-edge technologies to enhance the reach and efficiency of humanitarian aid. This article focuses on novel advances in the way aid organizations record, measure, and classify household vulnerability among Syrian refugees. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Lebanon and Jordan, I explore how the datafication of refugees in humanitarian action not only reveals the constitutive limits of quantitative ontologies but also poses transformative implications for the institutional configurations of humanitarianism. In particular, I suggest that the aid sector's growing reliance on data systems entrenches an extractive relationship between humanitarian organizations and refugees that conscripts, entangles, and unsettles data practitioners themselves. I conclude by pointing to vulnerability assessments as one node within a larger apparatus of integrated data systems, one that centralizes power within the humanitarian industry and poses grave risks for refugee rights.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 3","pages":"348-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.3.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IN THE SHADE OF HAILSTONES: Life-Forming Realities among the Luo of Kano, Kenya 在海尔斯托斯的阴影下：肯尼亚卡诺罗人的生活现实
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.3.01
KENNEDY OPANDE, WASHINGTON ONYANGO-OUMA
{"title":"IN THE SHADE OF HAILSTONES: Life-Forming Realities among the Luo of Kano, Kenya","authors":"KENNEDY OPANDE,&nbsp;WASHINGTON ONYANGO-OUMA","doi":"10.14506/ca39.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the area of Kano in western Kenya, Luo rice farmers perform a ritual of “digging” indigenous medicine (<i>chwoyo yath</i>) in the rice fields to “arrest” hailstones. The practice is not only rationalized in the image of regulating the spate of climate–accelerated hailstones but also of forming life, expressed through the state of how that life is secured and propagated. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with rice farmers and an expert on hailstones, as well as on participant observation, this article explores the exegetical agency of rice medicines, which is reflected in the affective act of arresting hailstones. This is conceptualized through a cosmo–juridical agency of life-forming by creating an interconnection between human life and a natural phenomenon. The article underscores the varied domains of natural phenomena (weather conditions, calamities), rice crop, and humans as agencies that co-negotiate toward life-forming through their forces that transform states of life processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 3","pages":"323-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.3.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE PARADOX OF HUMANITARIAN RECOGNITION: Blackness, Predation, and Non-Statist Solidarities in the Migration of Eritreans to Europe 人类认可的悖论：厄立特里亚人移居欧洲过程中的黑色、掠夺和非国家团结
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.3.03
FIORI SARA BERHANE
{"title":"THE PARADOX OF HUMANITARIAN RECOGNITION: Blackness, Predation, and Non-Statist Solidarities in the Migration of Eritreans to Europe","authors":"FIORI SARA BERHANE","doi":"10.14506/ca39.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eritreans experience what I call the paradox of humanitarian recognition. Beneficiaries of some of the highest refugee-recognition rates in Global North countries, Eritreans nevertheless experience kidnap, ransoming, extortion, and pre-emptive detention in countries of transit like Sudan and Libya. Efforts by the European Union to address these abuses under multilateral anti-trafficking agreements—as well as broader efforts to externalize European borders and asylum—have further contained and criminalized networks of solidarity that extend beyond countries of transit into countries of settlement such as Italy. Based on twenty months of participant observation and interviews with Eritreans in northern Italy, this article analyzes Eritrean migrants' experiences of violence in Libya, a country of transit, and efforts of Eritrean activists to both bring this violence to light and to aid recent refugees. Eritreans' experiences of seeking asylum upend the binaries between legal inclusion and exclusion on which refugee exceptionalism is predicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 3","pages":"374-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.3.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FLOWERS OF DECEPTION: The Expert's Nostalgia for a Future's Past and its Occlusion of Agrarian Labor 欺骗之花：专家对未来过去的怀念及其对农业劳动的遮蔽
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.3.06
AMRITA KURIAN
{"title":"FLOWERS OF DECEPTION: The Expert's Nostalgia for a Future's Past and its Occlusion of Agrarian Labor","authors":"AMRITA KURIAN","doi":"10.14506/ca39.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using the lens of affect, this article argues that understanding the sensibilities and allegiances of postcolonial experts is vital to determining who constitutes the expert's “public” and, thus, who benefits from state interventions and who doesn't. Following environmental sustainability initiatives in the wake of a parasitic infestation of tobacco in Andhra Pradesh, I analyze experts' concern for landowning farmers in contrast to their passive neglect and active resentment of landless laborers. The article draws parallels between the experts' pedagogies and the parasite's deceptively attractive bloom, which hides complex entanglements between parasite and plant beneath the soil surface. I show that a postcolonial emotional regime idealizes landowning farmers and renders invisible the experts' and farmers' common cultural milieu of landownership and collective dependence on caste-based labor. Invoking nostalgia for a lost past, experts' pedagogies are productive, subsidizing monoculture while neo-liberalizing farmers' subjectivities. By their absenting, laborers face climate precarity and the reproduction of resentment against them.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 3","pages":"455-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.3.06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Desnacionalización, Regímenes Visuales y Resistencia: Gitanos Americanos en Ciudad de México 非国有化、视觉制度与抵抗：墨西哥城的美国罗姆人
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.2.01
DAVID LAGUNAS
{"title":"Desnacionalización, Regímenes Visuales y Resistencia: Gitanos Americanos en Ciudad de México","authors":"DAVID LAGUNAS","doi":"10.14506/ca39.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The idea that the character of the Roma is external to the flow of the dynamics of historical processes is an alienating organicism in Mexico and Latin America. Visual regimes have reproduced exclusionary cultural and racial stereotypes of the Roma. This text analyzes how the Gitanos of Mexico City resist the racializing impositions of the state and of dominant society, contradicting hegemonic stereotypes and prejudices through the strategic self-management of identity by presenting themselves to the outside. Empirical data are provided on two key areas of this self-management connected to the visibility/invisibility dialectic: commercial activities and flamenco performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 2","pages":"171-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.2.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deciphering a Non-Meal: Pantawid-Gutom and the Everyday Negotiation of Hunger in the Philippines 解密非食物：菲律宾的 Pantawid-Gutom 和日常饥饿谈判
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.2.02
GIDEON LASCO, JHAKI MENDOZA
{"title":"Deciphering a Non-Meal: Pantawid-Gutom and the Everyday Negotiation of Hunger in the Philippines","authors":"GIDEON LASCO,&nbsp;JHAKI MENDOZA","doi":"10.14506/ca39.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Pantawid-gutom</i> literally means “to bridge hunger” and refers to a range of food and non-food products and practices in the Philippines that allow people to survive in between “serious meals.” What does its existence as a liminal category between food/non-food or serious/non-serious meal signify, particularly for millions of Filipino families who regularly experience hunger? Drawing on fieldwork in low-income urban communities on Luzon Island, and from a review of the scholarly and popular literature, we use local conceptions of <i>pantawid-gutom</i>—hitherto overlooked in the scholarship—as a starting point for exploring the lived reality of food insecurity in the country. The efficacy of <i>pantawid-gutom</i>, we argue, is both material and symbolic, providing temporary relief from the feeling of hunger and allowing people to suspend their ideas of what is good to eat while maintaining the hope that their socioeconomic predicament is something bridgeable.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 2","pages":"194-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.2.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustaining Containability: Zero Waste and White Space 可持续性：零废弃和留白
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.2.03
ELANA RESNICK
{"title":"Sustaining Containability: Zero Waste and White Space","authors":"ELANA RESNICK","doi":"10.14506/ca39.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental sustainability initiatives in Bulgaria generate new forms of racialization. Although institutionally framed as progressive in the name of “green” Europeanization, in practice these initiatives rely on undervalued and unrecognized racialized labor. By attending to the materiality of recycling bins in downtown Sofia and their physical openings—designed to keep hands out—I show how people engage with recycling-based sustainability regimes and the environmental systems in which they are embedded. Bridging analyses of progressivist environmentalism and anthropologies of enclosure, this article introduces the idea of containability to understand the relationship between waste and race. Containability marks a realm of humanwaste relations predicated on the aspirational goal of boundedness and the everyday disruptions of it. I examine these relations from the perspectives of waste collectors, recycling executives, Romani neighborhood residents, and international environmental consultants. These insights invite us to rethink the racial and material politics of environmentalism that constitute contemporary urban life.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 2","pages":"216-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.2.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Massacre and Martyr(dom)s of Oak Creek: On the Problem of Diaspora, the Economy of Agonism, and the Extimacy of Relation-Making 橡树溪的屠杀与殉难者：论散居问题、争辩经济和建立关系的极端性
IF 1.9 1区 社会学
Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.14506/ca39.2.04
RANDEEP SINGH HOTHI
{"title":"The Massacre and Martyr(dom)s of Oak Creek: On the Problem of Diaspora, the Economy of Agonism, and the Extimacy of Relation-Making","authors":"RANDEEP SINGH HOTHI","doi":"10.14506/ca39.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article concerns how competing investments in the real motivate political disagreement. The ethnography focuses on face-to-face debate in the wake of spectacular white supremacist violence against Sikhs in the United States. Young activists relate their struggle against racial supremacy to martyrs from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, motivating their call for a politics that would defy empire, cultivate coalitional alliances, and refuse well-worn performances of multicultural docility. However, for institutional decision-makers of rank, who ground their authority in having witnessed majoritarian state terror first-hand, such agonism risks decades of partial but hard-won respectability, legibility, and safety. This article argues that the in/comparability of evental violence is staked by a global “economy of agonism,” which mobilizes in this case at least two political forms distinctive of the late-twentieth century in each the politics of recognition and ethnonationalism. The article probes the competing investments motivating political disjuncture by tracking what is here called the “problem of diaspora,” the seeming untenability of calibrations to and between home(land) and sites of dispersion. An ethnographic pursuit of psycho-social cleavages consequently reveals the “extimacy” of, or mutual co-implication of internal and external in, “collective relation-making,” i.e., in making solidarity, alliance, or coalition amongst seemingly similarly situated others.</p>","PeriodicalId":51423,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Anthropology","volume":"39 2","pages":"246-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.14506/ca39.2.04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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