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Presentence Investigation Reports and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing 出庭调查报告和判刑中的种族/族裔差异
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221077632
Rory Monaghan, Kaitlyn Konefal
{"title":"Presentence Investigation Reports and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing","authors":"Rory Monaghan, Kaitlyn Konefal","doi":"10.1177/00111287221077632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221077632","url":null,"abstract":"Racial/ethnic disparity in criminal sentencing is a major area of interest in criminal justice research. However, little research has examined the potential importance of the presentence investigation report (PSI) despite its wide-ranging use in criminal justice decision-making from sentencing onward. These reports are typically compiled by a probation officer post-conviction but before sentencing and provide relevant contextual information about offense and offender to aid the sentencing judge’s decision. Using data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS) (2006–2016), we examine the association between PSI completion and racial/ethnic disparities in sentencing. Results suggest that PSI completion is associated with more severe sentencing outcomes overall, but findings regarding racial/ethnic disparities are mixed.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"23 1","pages":"2460 - 2483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89405275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
ISIS’s COVID-19 Messaging on Twitter: An Analysis of Tweet Sentiment and Emotions ISIS在推特上的COVID-19信息:对推特情绪和情绪的分析
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221083881
C. S. Lee, John D. Colautti
{"title":"ISIS’s COVID-19 Messaging on Twitter: An Analysis of Tweet Sentiment and Emotions","authors":"C. S. Lee, John D. Colautti","doi":"10.1177/00111287221083881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221083881","url":null,"abstract":"Terrorist groups have integrated social discourse into their narratives to exploit public fear. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity to measure how ISIS modified narratives, stimulated group communication, reinforced enemy hatred, and employed new mobilization/recruitment strategies. Using Significance Quest Theory, this study examines ISIS’s Twitter activity related to COVID-19 (N = 630,201) and how the group leverages the psychological effects and the social disruption. This study employs a two-stage analysis of tweet sentiment and emotion with a statistical analysis of retweet-motivating factors to explore how ISIS manages its narrative, needs, and network. Results show content with higher negative sentiment scores had more retweets across all sample sets. Insights include deeper understanding of extremist activity and group adaptation to external changes.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"11 1","pages":"1347 - 1370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90294493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
An Examination of the Reciprocal Relations Between Treatment by Others, Anger, and Antisocial Behavior: A Partial Test of General Strain Theory 对他人对待、愤怒和反社会行为之间相互关系的检验:一般应变理论的部分检验
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221087947
Allison G. Kondrat, Eric J. Connolly
{"title":"An Examination of the Reciprocal Relations Between Treatment by Others, Anger, and Antisocial Behavior: A Partial Test of General Strain Theory","authors":"Allison G. Kondrat, Eric J. Connolly","doi":"10.1177/00111287221087947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221087947","url":null,"abstract":"General Strain Theory (GST) has received an impressive amount of empirical attention. However, much remains unknown about the role of sources of strain argued to be conducive to negative emotionality—such as perceived unjust treatment—on changes in anger and antisocial behavior over time. The current study aimed to begin to address this gap in the literature by assessing the relationship between changes in perceived unjust treatment, anger, and antisocial behavior across 8 years of the life course. Results from a series of auto-regressive cross-lagged models show support for GST, as well as offer evidence for new lines of empirical investigation. The reported findings offer some of the first evidence for a developmental cascade model of GST.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"11 1","pages":"2595 - 2613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78683425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Interplay Between Virtual Socializing, Unstructured Socializing, and Delinquency 虚拟社交、非结构化社交与犯罪之间的相互作用
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221083898
Wanda E. Leal, Cashen M. Boccio, Dylan B. Jackson
{"title":"The Interplay Between Virtual Socializing, Unstructured Socializing, and Delinquency","authors":"Wanda E. Leal, Cashen M. Boccio, Dylan B. Jackson","doi":"10.1177/00111287221083898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221083898","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent socialization patterns have shifted toward less in-person socializing and more virtual socializing. Thus, it’s important to determine the association between virtual socializing and delinquency and whether virtual socializing represents a separate construct or a technological evolution of unstructured socializing. We explore this by using a modern virtual socializing scale on a nationally representative sample of eighth to 10th graders from the 2018 Monitoring the Future survey. Results indicate that virtual socializing is associated with delinquency, and unstructured socializing somewhat attenuates this relationship, but virtual socializing remains a significant predictor. Karlson-Holm-Breen method was used to assess the degree of attenuation produced by unstructured socializing, and demonstrates that unstructured socializing attenuates about 20% of the effect of virtual socializing on delinquency.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"85 1","pages":"1894 - 1918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86512915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Empirical Issues in the Homicide-Income Inequality Argument 凶杀-收入不平等论证中的实证问题
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221083885
Carlos Vilalta, Edel Cadena, Gustavo Fondevila, Carlos Garrocho
{"title":"Empirical Issues in the Homicide-Income Inequality Argument","authors":"Carlos Vilalta, Edel Cadena, Gustavo Fondevila, Carlos Garrocho","doi":"10.1177/00111287221083885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221083885","url":null,"abstract":"The argument that income inequality increases homicide rates has provoked scholarly debate, with some studies not supporting this position and providing evidence to the contrary. We identify several empirical issues with the current body of evidence, as well as their underlying problems. We challenge these issues by using more robust techniques than those typical of this literature. Based on the case of Mexican municipalities, we provide evidence that in fact, homicide rates correlated negatively with income inequality between 1990 and 2015, and that this relationship was moderated by levels of socioeconomic marginality. Likewise, we show evidence of spatial dependence in the relationship, thus challenging the assumption that geospatial units of analysis are probabilistically independent of each other.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"27 1","pages":"230 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85940933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Cross-National Multilevel Analysis of Fear of Crime: Exploring the Roles of Institutional Confidence and Institutional Performance 犯罪恐惧的跨国多层次分析:制度信心与制度绩效的关系探讨
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221074954
Kai Lin
{"title":"A Cross-National Multilevel Analysis of Fear of Crime: Exploring the Roles of Institutional Confidence and Institutional Performance","authors":"Kai Lin","doi":"10.1177/00111287221074954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221074954","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon Wave 7 of the World Value Survey, this study performed multilevel analysis on fear of crime among 47,996 residents from 36 diverse nations. Confidence in the government and perceived government performance were identified as significant predictors of crime fear. Further analysis showed the effect of confidence in the government stemmed primarily from between-country variation, whereas both within-country and between-country variation in perceived government performance shaped fear of crime. In addition, macroeconomic factors and the proportion of urban population, but not national-level homicide rate, were found to be salient country-level predictors. The findings contextualize the elevated fear of crime in some countries despite declining crime rates and inform the recommendation that institutional confidence and performance be prioritized in crime fear reduction efforts.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"31 1","pages":"2437 - 2459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81000064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19’s Impact on Crime and Delinquency 2019冠状病毒病对犯罪和犯罪的影响
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221084295
Joan A Reid, Michael T. Baglivio, Sarah M. Gardy
{"title":"COVID-19’s Impact on Crime and Delinquency","authors":"Joan A Reid, Michael T. Baglivio, Sarah M. Gardy","doi":"10.1177/00111287221084295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221084295","url":null,"abstract":"The economies and social systems of communities and nations have been altered by COVID-19 (Best et al., 2021; Priya et al., 2021). Substantial evidence continues to mount regarding the widespread impacts of COVID-19 on criminal behavior and criminal justice response to crime (Balmori de la Miyar et al., 2021; Lallie et al., 2021). Undoubtedly, the pandemic has altered crime rates, the operations of the criminal and juvenile justice systems, policing practices, and the availability of health and social resources (Abrams, 2021; Buchanan et al., 2020; Desai et al., 2021; Langton et al., 2021; Semukhina, 2021). COVID-19 mandates continue to create major disruptions in daily life of all persons involved in the criminal justice system from youth in detention to correctional officers. For example, diminished personal and community connections due to the pandemic has disrupted the lives of detained individuals and criminal justice professionals tasked with their supervision (Buchanan et al., 2020; Lockwood et al., 2021; Schwalbe & Koetzle, 2021). Concerns regarding the spread of COVID-19 in correctional facilities have resulted in changes in detention protocols and rates of early release (Abraham et al., 2020; Hamblett et al., 2022; Henry, 2020; Surprenant, 2020). Mandated responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have altered the","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"33 1","pages":"1127 - 1136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86898647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Assessing the Victim-Offender Overlap Among Adolescents in Rural China 中国农村青少年犯罪-犯罪重叠评估
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221083888
N. Cheung, Hua Zhong
{"title":"Assessing the Victim-Offender Overlap Among Adolescents in Rural China","authors":"N. Cheung, Hua Zhong","doi":"10.1177/00111287221083888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221083888","url":null,"abstract":"Grounded in criminological theories (routine activity, social bonding, social disorganization, control balance, differential association, and general strain), this study extended the victim-offender overlap research by considering the specificity of rurality. We collected data from 2,839 adolescents in rural China and applied multilevel item response theory modeling. Both victim-offender overlap and differentiation were evident among rural adolescents. The victimization-offending overlap was associated with unstructured socializing, family and neighborhood control, moral beliefs, peer delinquency, and certain forms of social strain (loss of positively valued stimuli and exposure to negative stimuli). The differential tendency toward victimization over offending was a function of non-deviant solitary routines, failure to achieve positively valued goals, and strain-specific depression. The insignificance of control imbalance may need clarification of its conceptual relevance to rurality.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"12 1","pages":"1811 - 1842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76448757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Post-Conviction Review on Trial: When do Appellate Courts Correct for Prosecutorial Misconduct? 审判定罪后复核:上诉法院何时纠正检控不当行为?
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221084288
Heather L. Scheuerman, E. Griffiths, Daniel S. Medwed
{"title":"Post-Conviction Review on Trial: When do Appellate Courts Correct for Prosecutorial Misconduct?","authors":"Heather L. Scheuerman, E. Griffiths, Daniel S. Medwed","doi":"10.1177/00111287221084288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221084288","url":null,"abstract":"Appellate courts sometimes provide relief in cases where prosecutors engage in certain actions, either free from scrutiny during investigation (backstage) or under judicial oversight during litigation (front-stage), that go beyond their authority and the law. Yet little is known about how the nature and types of prosecutorial misconduct recognized by appellate courts systematically affect their decisions to provide relief. Using data from the Center for Prosecutor Integrity, we analyze 150 appellate court cases between 2010 and 2015 in which prosecutorial misconduct is substantiated by the courts. We find that higher courts are more likely to correct for cases involving multiple types of misconduct and for cases in which the misconduct occurs “backstage,” outside of judicial oversight, rather than during litigation.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"51 1","pages":"2846 - 2873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89107553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Legacy of Troubled Childhoods: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Sleep, and Delinquency 困扰童年的遗产:不良的童年经历、睡眠和犯罪
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221083961
Tiffaney A. Tomlinson, D. Mears, Brian J. Stults, Ryan C. Meldrum, J. Turanovic, Jacob T. N. Young
{"title":"The Legacy of Troubled Childhoods: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Sleep, and Delinquency","authors":"Tiffaney A. Tomlinson, D. Mears, Brian J. Stults, Ryan C. Meldrum, J. Turanovic, Jacob T. N. Young","doi":"10.1177/00111287221083961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221083961","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have called for greater understanding of the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on later youth development, including research on sleep as a potential contributor to delinquency. This study seeks to extend that work by situating the focus on ACEs and sleep within a life-course perspective, one that examines life events and turning points, the disruptions that they create, and their longer-term consequences for youth. In particular, drawing on a large-scale survey of high school students, we examine whether ACEs influence delinquency and whether this effect is mediated by sleep. We find modest support for the central hypothesis that ACEs contribute to suboptimal sleep and in turn delinquency. Implications for research and policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"694 1","pages":"1919 - 1946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79969755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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