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Act of Age: Minor Lone-Actor Terrorists and Their Attacks 年龄的行为:未成年的孤独演员恐怖分子和他们的袭击
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221131036
Revital Sela-Shayovitz, Hava Dayan, B. Hasisi
{"title":"Act of Age: Minor Lone-Actor Terrorists and Their Attacks","authors":"Revital Sela-Shayovitz, Hava Dayan, B. Hasisi","doi":"10.1177/00111287221131036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221131036","url":null,"abstract":"Youth involvement in radicalization and terrorism activity has increased over the last decade. The present study aimed to determine whether minor lone-actor terrorists feature unique individual characteristics, and identify situational factors related to these attacks. A comparative analysis was conducted with 83 minors and 82 mature lone-actor terrorists in Israel who committed terrorist attacks between January 2015 and December 2016. Results indicated significant differences between underage and adult lone-actor terrorists in three of the four “pillars of opportunity” (target, training, and facilitating conditions), as well as in the death toll. These findings suggest close affinities between the socio-psychological needs and challenges youth face in their adolescence phase and their modus operandi for terror acts. We discussed these findings in the context of existing research on youth radicalism and lone-actor terrorism, offering further directions for research.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"53 1","pages":"995 - 1019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90479142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“It’s All About Just Creating the Safe Space”: Barbershops and Beauty Salons as Community Anchors in Black Neighborhoods: Crime Prevention, Cohesion, and Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic “这一切都是为了创造安全空间”：理发店和美容院作为黑人社区的社区支柱：新冠肺炎大流行期间的犯罪预防、凝聚力和支持
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221130956
Hunter M. Boehme, Tameka Williams, Natalie Brown, Lekendra Kidd, Bryceson Hernandez, M. Nolan
{"title":"“It’s All About Just Creating the Safe Space”: Barbershops and Beauty Salons as Community Anchors in Black Neighborhoods: Crime Prevention, Cohesion, and Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Hunter M. Boehme, Tameka Williams, Natalie Brown, Lekendra Kidd, Bryceson Hernandez, M. Nolan","doi":"10.1177/00111287221130956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221130956","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with Black owners of barbershops or beauty salons within predominantly Black neighborhoods to explore the social mechanisms that aid in suppressing crime. Four emergent themes arose: (1) community anchors and safe havens, (2) violence interrupters, (3) life counselors, and (4) COVID-19 disruption and lessons of resiliency. Findings from this study contribute to the theoretical and empirical literature focused on “local institutions” and the importance of these businesses in building informal social control within Black communities. Further, these findings enhance our understanding of underlying place-based crime prevention mechanisms. This study promotes these institutions as key components in future crime prevention and public health interventions.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44637356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Temporal (In)Stability of Violent Crime Hot Spots Between Months and The Modifiable Temporal Unit Problem 月间暴力犯罪热点的时间稳定性与时间单位可变问题
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221128483
Mica Deckard, Cory Schnell
{"title":"The Temporal (In)Stability of Violent Crime Hot Spots Between Months and The Modifiable Temporal Unit Problem","authors":"Mica Deckard, Cory Schnell","doi":"10.1177/00111287221128483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221128483","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the concentration and stability of crime patterns at micro-places primarily examines years as the temporal unit of observation. This study examines temporal patterns between months to explore the impact of the modifiable temporal unit problem (MTUP). We analyzed 26,555 violent crime incidents reported to the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department from a 60-month observation period and geocoded these incidents to 14,106 street segments. Street segments with crime experienced these incidents across a small number of months and there is much variability in which locations are hot spots between months. Only a small number of street segments experienced a seasonal pattern between months with most locations having complete instability or unpredictability in the months when crime does occur.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"10 1","pages":"1312 - 1335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87538089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Examining Avoidance, Victimization Risk, and Perceptions of Community Safety in Latinx Communities 检视拉丁裔社区的回避、受害风险与社区安全认知
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221126075
Alexis Yohros, Isabel Geisler, Sarah J. Lockwood, Emelyn Miller, Candence Wills, Amy Farrell, Carlos A. Cuevas
{"title":"Examining Avoidance, Victimization Risk, and Perceptions of Community Safety in Latinx Communities","authors":"Alexis Yohros, Isabel Geisler, Sarah J. Lockwood, Emelyn Miller, Candence Wills, Amy Farrell, Carlos A. Cuevas","doi":"10.1177/00111287221126075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221126075","url":null,"abstract":"Latinx adults are increasingly avoiding formal authorities, local services, and community engagement out of fear of victimization and deportation. Increased distrust and fear of authorities threaten to erode individual and community feelings of safety. While crime prevention scholarship identifies community efficacy, local engagement, and bonds to formal institutions as critical components to creating safety within local communities, there is little research to date on how avoidance in response to victimization impacts these processes. This study utilized data from 53 qualitative interviews of Latinx adults to understand the ways that bias victimization and discrimination alter feelings of community safety. Participants expressed distrust of formal institutions and decreased community engagement. They also leveraged informal networks like friends and family, emphasizing the nuanced impact of avoidance on community organization.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"42 1","pages":"559 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90944828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Bully-Victim Overlap and Vaping Activity Among Adolescents 青少年欺凌受害者重叠与电子烟活动
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221122753
Cashen M. Boccio, Wanda E. Leal
{"title":"The Bully-Victim Overlap and Vaping Activity Among Adolescents","authors":"Cashen M. Boccio, Wanda E. Leal","doi":"10.1177/00111287221122753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221122753","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research links substance use with bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. Limited research, however, has explored how vaping, is related to bullying activities. What limited research has been conducted links vaping with bullying victimization in some samples. However, the relationship between vaping and the victim-offender overlap is extremely limited. This study addresses this gap in the literature by exploring the associations between nicotine and marijuana vaping and bullying perpetration and victimization both in-person and online. In addition, we explore the relationship between vaping and holding bully-victim status. Our results suggest that marijuana vaping is associated with in-person bullying and nicotine vaping is associated with many facets of both in-person and cyber bullying experiences.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"40 1","pages":"1489 - 1510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83382372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
How Do Investigation Experiences Shape Views of the Police? Qualitatively Exploring Sexual Assault Survivors’ Interactions With Police Detectives and Subsequent Views of the Police 调查经历如何塑造警察观?定性地探索性侵犯幸存者与警察侦探的互动以及随后对警察的看法
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221120186
Katherine Lorenz
{"title":"How Do Investigation Experiences Shape Views of the Police? Qualitatively Exploring Sexual Assault Survivors’ Interactions With Police Detectives and Subsequent Views of the Police","authors":"Katherine Lorenz","doi":"10.1177/00111287221120186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221120186","url":null,"abstract":"Little attention has been paid to views of the police among sexual assault survivors. Understanding views of the police among a large population of crime victims who have historically been silenced and mistreated by our criminal-legal system can help inform recent and ongoing conversations about police funding and criminal justice reform. Qualitative interview data from a community sample of sexual assault survivors explored how police-detective interactions during sexual assault investigations shape views of the police. Negative interactions led to negative views of the police and for some were based on a culmination of positive and negative experiences. I share recommendations for responding to sexual assault that consider sexual assault survivors’ experiences with and views of the police.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"196 1","pages":"342 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79872416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mediating the Bullying-to-Delinquency Transition With Peer Delinquency and Cognitive Insensitivity 朋辈犯罪与认知不敏感在霸凌向犯罪转变中的中介作用
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221118885
G. Walters, Lindsey Runell, Jonathan M. Kremser
{"title":"Mediating the Bullying-to-Delinquency Transition With Peer Delinquency and Cognitive Insensitivity","authors":"G. Walters, Lindsey Runell, Jonathan M. Kremser","doi":"10.1177/00111287221118885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221118885","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to determine whether peer delinquency, cognitive insensitivity, and/or their interaction mediated the transition from bullying perpetration to delinquency. Data from 845 early adolescent youth (406 boys, 439 girls) organized into three waves were subjected to path analysis, with peer delinquency and cognitive insensitivity as parallel mediators. Results revealed that cognitive insensitivity successfully mediated the relationship between Wave 1 bullying perpetration and Wave 3 participant delinquency, whereas peer delinquency and the peer × insensitivity interaction did not. It would seem that involvement in bullying behavior may lead to a rise in antisocial thinking of the neutralization/moral disengagement type and that this thinking, referred to in this study as cognitive insensitivity, may then stimulate future involvement in delinquent behavior.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"45 1","pages":"1467 - 1488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80787954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An Analysis of National Hockey League Playoff Games and City-Level Crime Counts 国家冰球联盟季后赛与城市级犯罪统计分析
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221118879
Kristina Block, Jacob Kaplan
{"title":"An Analysis of National Hockey League Playoff Games and City-Level Crime Counts","authors":"Kristina Block, Jacob Kaplan","doi":"10.1177/00111287221118879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221118879","url":null,"abstract":"Past research indicates that when professional sports games are played, crime increases. Yet, little is known about how playoff games affect crime. As many criminal events associated with sports games, such as riots, occur during playoff games, this is an important gap in the literature. Using data from 15 National Hockey League (NHL) teams from 2013 through 2019, we examine how assault, disorder, and property crimes change when playoff games are played at home relative to when they are played away. We find that during home games there are 7% more disorder crimes and 4% more property crimes than during away games which suggests that city responses to playoff hockey games should prioritize crime reduction strategies to improve public safety.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"29 1","pages":"2194 - 2217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88033029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Shifting From Warriors to Guardians: Officer Reflections on Law Enforcement Training in Washington State 从战士到守护者:华盛顿州执法人员培训的反思
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221117488
Beck M. Strah, J. Pollock, Laurie T. Becker
{"title":"Shifting From Warriors to Guardians: Officer Reflections on Law Enforcement Training in Washington State","authors":"Beck M. Strah, J. Pollock, Laurie T. Becker","doi":"10.1177/00111287221117488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221117488","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary law enforcement methods are largely defined by crime control and militarization in the “warrior” policing model. In 2013, the Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission (WSCJTC) adopted an alternative “guardian” training model for the Basic Law Enforcement Academy (BLEA) focused on procedural justice, community partnerships, de-escalation, and crisis intervention. The current study investigates BLEA graduates’ perceptions of guardian policing and training elements. Researchers interviewed new officers who completed BLEA training with the guardian curriculum (n = 17) and officers trained in a warrior-based curriculum (n = 11). Themes are analyzed from interview data, including officer perceptions of BLEA guardian training and related programs. The paper concludes with discussion of limitations, themes, and policy implications of the research.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"73 1","pages":"439 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91132228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Examining Interactive Effects of PTSD and Deviant Peer Association for Predicting Violent Offending Risk 创伤后应激障碍与异常同伴关联对预测暴力犯罪风险的交互效应研究
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Crime & Delinquency Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/00111287221115650
Thomas W. Wojciechowski
{"title":"Examining Interactive Effects of PTSD and Deviant Peer Association for Predicting Violent Offending Risk","authors":"Thomas W. Wojciechowski","doi":"10.1177/00111287221115650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221115650","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic stress disorder and deviant peer association have been identified as robust risk factors predicting violent offending. However, there is a dearth of research which has examined interactive effects of these constructs for predicting violence perpetration. The present study utilized data from the Pathways to Desistance study to test for effects. Logistic regression was utilized to examine relationships. Results indicated that there was a significant and positive interaction between post-traumatic stress disorder and deviant peer association for predicting violent offending. Further examination of this relationship indicated that the disorder was a “for better or worse” condition, with low violent offending risk at low levels of deviant peer association and high risk at high levels of deviant peer association.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"132 1","pages":"1511 - 1533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86435581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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