Family ProcessPub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1111/famp.13062
Brian TaeHyuk Keum, Lianne Jean Wong, Emma Tran, Mary Minh Giao Nguyen, Cathy Zhu
{"title":"Parents' anti-Black messages, empathic reactions toward racism, fear of Black individuals, and perceived ability to engage in anti-racism advocacy among Asian American emerging adults","authors":"Brian TaeHyuk Keum, Lianne Jean Wong, Emma Tran, Mary Minh Giao Nguyen, Cathy Zhu","doi":"10.1111/famp.13062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Asian Americans, historically oppressed and influenced by White supremacist norms, may internalize anti-Blackness (beliefs of behaviors that minimize, marginalize, or devalue Black individuals) as they navigate White-dominated environments to survive and seek acceptance. However, there is limited research addressing the intergenerational socialization of anti-Blackness within Asian American communities and its impact as a barrier to cross-racial solidarity and involvement in anti-racism efforts. Thus, we tested whether parents' anti-Black messages were associated with fear of Black individuals and lack of empathic reactions to anti-Black racism, and in turn, related to hindrance in the perceived ability to engage in anti-racism advocacy among Asian American emerging adults. With data from 205 participants (<i>M</i>age = 19.92, <i>SD</i> = 2.64, online convenience sample), we conducted a path analysis of parents' anti-Black messages indirectly associated with perceived ability in advocacy against anti-Black racism through fear of Black individuals and empathic reactions to anti-Black racism. Parents' anti-Black messages were associated with greater fear of Black individuals, which was associated with lower empathic reactions to racism, and in turn, ultimately associated with a lower perceived ability to engage in advocacy against anti-Black racism. This pathway was the best-fitting model compared with an alternative parallel model (fear and empathy as separate mediators) and a model with empathy as the first mediator. Our study suggests that clinicians, educators, and researchers should target parents' anti-Black messages and Asian American emerging adults' emotional responses (fear, empathy) to anti-Black racism in disrupting anti-Blackness at parental/family and individual levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family ProcessPub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1111/famp.13061
Nilüfer Kuru, Michael Ungar
{"title":"A structural equation model of parenting and child's resilience after the earthquake in Türkiye","authors":"Nilüfer Kuru, Michael Ungar","doi":"10.1111/famp.13061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the relationship between parental psychological wellbeing, parenting, children's psychological difficulties, and prosocial behavior in Kahramanmaraş earthquake-affected families living in Türkiye in 2023. To this end, a mediation model was proposed for parental psychological distress that was hypothesized to exert an indirect effect on a child's psychological difficulties and prosocial behavior through parenting. Participants were 358 preschoolers between 4 and 6 years old and their one parent (father or mother) who completed a set of validated self-report surveys in a cross-sectional design study. Results showed positive associations between parental psychological distress and child's psychological difficulties but negative association with child's prosocial behavior. Furthermore, quality of parenting mediated the association between parental psychological distress and child's psychological difficulties and prosocial behavior. Our findings suggest that positive parenting may serve as a protective mechanism that mediates the association between parental psychological distress and a child's psychological difficulties and prosocial behaviors among families displaced by a natural disaster like an earthquake. These findings point to the need for supporting positive parent–child relationships in addition to decreasing the psychological distress of parents when exposed to potentially traumatizing events like this.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family ProcessPub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1111/famp.13060
Carline J. M. van Heijningen, Sheila R. van Berkel, Iris Langereis, Bernet M. Elzinga, Lenneke R. A. Alink
{"title":"Losing a parent during childhood: The impact on adult romantic relationships","authors":"Carline J. M. van Heijningen, Sheila R. van Berkel, Iris Langereis, Bernet M. Elzinga, Lenneke R. A. Alink","doi":"10.1111/famp.13060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The disruption of the parent–child attachment bond due to parental death (PD) may lead to lingering feelings of unsafety or insecurity that might potentially transfer to adult intimate relationships. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether experiencing childhood parental death (CPD) was associated with adult romantic relationship formation and stability, attachment style, and relationship satisfaction, and whether this is dependent on (in)secure parental bonding. In this cross-sectional study, relationship indicators were assessed using self-report questionnaires in adults (25–45 years old) who experienced PD during childhood (<i>n</i> = 236), in adulthood (<i>n</i> = 301), and who did not experience PD (<i>n</i> = 278). Experiencing CPD was not associated with relationship formation, relationship stability indicators, and relationship satisfaction. However, individuals who experienced CPD reported higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance within their current romantic relationship compared to individuals who did not experience (childhood) PD. Furthermore, insecure bonding with the deceased parent was associated with higher levels of attachment anxiety, while this was not the case for the quality of bonding with the surviving parent or new partner of the surviving parent. These findings on the association between CPD and adult attachment insecurity provide new insight in how attachment insecurity to the deceased parent may be related to attachment insecurity in adult relationships, which is important to discuss when working with individuals who experienced CPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family ProcessPub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1111/famp.13057
Pedro Antonio de la Rosa, Julia Nakamura, Richard G. Cowden, Eric Kim, Alfonso Osorio, Tyler J. VanderWeele
{"title":"Longitudinal associations of spousal support and strain with health and well-being: An outcome-wide study of married older U.S. Adults","authors":"Pedro Antonio de la Rosa, Julia Nakamura, Richard G. Cowden, Eric Kim, Alfonso Osorio, Tyler J. VanderWeele","doi":"10.1111/famp.13057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present study, we examined the prospective associations of both spousal support and spousal strain with a wide range of health and well-being outcomes in married older adults. Applying the analytic template for outcome-wide designs, three waves of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (<i>n</i> = 7788, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 64.2 years) were analyzed using linear regression, logistic regression, and generalized linear models. A set of models was performed for spousal support and another set of models for spousal strain (2010/2012, t<sub>1</sub>). Outcomes included 35 different aspects of physical health, health behaviors, psychological well-being, psychological distress, and social factors (2014/2016, t<sub>2</sub>). All models adjusted for pre-baseline levels of sociodemographic covariates and all outcomes (2006/2008, t<sub>0</sub>). Spousal support evidenced positive associations with five psychological well-being outcomes, as well as negative associations with five psychological distress outcomes and loneliness. Conversely, spousal strain evidenced negative associations with three psychological well-being outcomes, in addition to positive associations with three psychological distress outcomes and loneliness. The magnitude of these associations was generally small, although some effect estimates were somewhat larger. Associations of both spousal support and strain with other social and health-related outcomes were more negligible. Both support and strain within a marital relationship have the potential to impact various aspects of psychological well-being, psychological distress, and loneliness in the aging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/famp.13057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family ProcessPub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1111/famp.13059
Sei Eun Kim, Emily Hunt, William Tsai, Cindy Y. Huang
{"title":"Profiles of racial discussions and associations with parent sociocultural factors and internalized racism in Asian American families","authors":"Sei Eun Kim, Emily Hunt, William Tsai, Cindy Y. Huang","doi":"10.1111/famp.13059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While Asian American parents are key contributors in racially socializing their children, past research indicates that issues of race are not frequently discussed among Asian American families. Moreover, there is limited research on how Asian American parents' sociocultural factors predict the amount and ways they talk about race to their children. We conducted latent profile analyses among 150 Asian American parents' (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 42.36, range = 26–65 years) racial discussions, and the profiles' association with parents' sociocultural factors (i.e., enculturation, acculturation, internalized racism, collectivism, and loss of face) were examined. Four distinct profiles were identified with distinct levels of awareness of discrimination, avoidance of outgroups, minimization of race, and promotion of equality messages. Findings underscore the importance of Asian American parents engaging in nuanced racial discussions with their children, highlighting the need for culturally responsive interventions, educational programs, and policy initiatives to support families in navigating complex racial landscapes and fostering positive youth outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family ProcessPub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1111/famp.13058
Samuel H. Allen, Leigh A. Leslie
{"title":"“They're not my daughter, and yet…they're also not my son”: Parents negotiating their adult child's nonbinary gender identity","authors":"Samuel H. Allen, Leigh A. Leslie","doi":"10.1111/famp.13058","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scholars are increasingly recognizing that substantial gender heterogeneity exists among transgender populations; that is, gender identities that defy the ubiquitous binary categories of male and female. However, the developing research base on the families of transgender adults focuses almost exclusively on the family members of transgender persons with binary gender identities, a noteworthy shortcoming considering the prevalence of nonbinary gender identities among transgender populations and the pervasive assumption that only two genders exist. To address this gap, the current study sought to uncover how the parents of transgender adults with nonbinary gender identities come to understand, make sense of, and negotiate nonbinary gender identities in their families. Fourteen parents—12 mothers and 2 fathers—completed in-depth, semi-structured interviews, and the collected data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Analyses generated three broad themes that best-described these parents' experience with their child's gender, which was heavily shaped by the pervasiveness of cisnormativity: (a) varied attempts to understand nonbinary gender; (b) a nonbinary “double-edged sword”; and (c) familial resilience. Directions for future research, clinical practice, and policy change are discussed, including the therapeutic benefit of dialectical thinking and the need for legislation that legally affirms and protects nonbinary persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/famp.13058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family ProcessPub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1111/famp.13054
Ying Zhang, Qingyang Liu, Xiafei Wang
{"title":"Understanding the link between intimate partner violence exposure and children's self-regulation: The mediating role of parenting stress and warmth","authors":"Ying Zhang, Qingyang Liu, Xiafei Wang","doi":"10.1111/famp.13054","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intimate partner violence (IPV), affecting approximately 16.3% of U.S. households annually, has detrimental effects on children who witness it, leading to psychological distress, developmental delays, and behavioral issues. Self-regulation, a critical skill in managing attention, emotions, and behaviors essential for cognitive and social development, may be significantly impacted. The negative associations between mothers' experience of IPV and child self-regulation necessitate the examination of the underlying mechanisms, particularly during the sensitive period of early childhood. This study utilized longitudinal data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (<i>N</i> = 4338) to investigate the mediating pathways linking mothers' experience of IPV (maternal victimization experiences) during infancy with children's self-regulation at age five. Results suggested that IPV exposure during infancy was longitudinally and negatively associated with children's behavioral and attentional regulation. This association was mediated by elevated parenting stress and decreased maternal warmth. These findings highlight the importance of programs aimed at reducing IPV and supporting mothers affected by IPV, considering their vital roles in nurturing healthy child self-regulation skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family ProcessPub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1111/famp.13053
Bella Klebanov, Carmit Katz
{"title":"“I remember most of my family seeing it”: The presence of others during child physical abuse, as conveyed in forensic interviews with Israeli children","authors":"Bella Klebanov, Carmit Katz","doi":"10.1111/famp.13053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Child physical abuse is often perceived as a crime perpetrated within the family and out of sight. However, recent studies have indicated the presence of others during incidents of physical abuse. The current study was designed to examine the experiences and perceptions of children who were physically abused in their families concerning the presence of others, as conveyed during their forensic interviews. A thematic analysis of 26 forensic interviews was conducted with Israeli children aged 5–13. Three main themes were identified: (1) Patterns, roles, and coping mechanisms: The multifaceted spectrum of familial abuse; (2) The echoes of family reactions: Shaping children's abuse experiences; and (3) Navigating the storm together: Sibling bonds amidst familial abuse. The children's narratives highlighted their distress and pointed to the abusive and chaotic daily routine in which they lived. In spotlighting their encounters with physical abuse, the children focused on their need to be seen and gain certainty in their daily routines. The discussion highlights the unique and elusive dynamics of families in which child physical abuse occurs and challenges the social perception that physical abuse occurs secretly. The characteristics of such abuse highlight the urgent need for policymakers and professionals to treat the phenomenon of physical abuse within the family as a visible phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/famp.13053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The family alliance as a facilitator of therapeutic change in systemic relational psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: A case study","authors":"Iolanda D'Ascenzo, Anna Vilaregut, Verónica Zurdo, Sonia Torras, Ignacio Bolaños Cartujo","doi":"10.1111/famp.13052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Managing the Therapeutic Alliance is often complex when it comes to the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD), but the alliance is crucial for the success of the therapy. Combined individual and family interventions have been shown to be very useful in treating of these cases. This study has two objectives. First, to describe how the family therapeutic alliance facilitates therapeutic change through family psychotherapy for families with a member diagnosed with BPD. Second, to analyze how the therapeutic change achieved through combined individual and family systemic relational psychotherapy affects the individual functioning of the patient with BPD. This single case study used the System of Observation of Family Therapy Alliances (SOFTA-o) to analyze the therapeutic alliance, along with two semi-structured clinical interviews, one at the beginning and one at the end of therapy. Results show a dynamic and positive evolution of the therapeutic alliance throughout the therapeutic process and how this alliance facilitated therapeutic change, both reducing the symptomatology of the patient with BPD and improving family communication and functioning. Results contribute to highlighting the importance of including family therapy as an intervention unit in protocols for patients with BPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"63 4","pages":"2176-2194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/famp.13052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Within-family processes among safety nets, maternal parenting stress, and child behavioral problems among low-income families: The importance of race and ethnicity","authors":"Qiong Wu, Melissa Radey, Lenore McWey, Eugenia Flores Millender","doi":"10.1111/famp.13056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/famp.13056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research has long emphasized the adverse effects of poverty on children; however, within-family processes of how safety nets offset the effects of poverty differ by race and ethnicity are unclear. Guided by the context-sensitive family stress model, the current study investigated within-family processes among safety nets, maternal parenting stress, and child behavioral problems among low-income families and revealed differences in these processes among Hispanic, Black, and White mothers. Using The Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), participants included 2251 low-income mothers and their children, repeatedly surveyed when children were 1, 3, 5, and 9 years old. Mothers reported their public and private safety nets, their parenting stress levels, and children's behavioral problems at each time point. Multilevel models revealed within-family mediation pathways from mothers' perceived private safety net supports, maternal parenting stress, and child externalizing and internalizing problems, but only for Black, not for White or Hispanic mothers. Prospective within-family associations were found between receiving a high number of public safety net programs and higher child externalizing problems, as well as between receiving private safety nets and higher maternal parenting stress and higher child behavioral problems. Findings were discussed in light of the context-sensitive family stress model, with implications for theory and intervention practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":51396,"journal":{"name":"Family Process","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}