{"title":"State ownership and cost-effectiveness of environmental policies: Firm-level evidence","authors":"Maoyong Fan, Shunqi Ge, Haoyang Li, Jinhua Zhao","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We employ Chinese firm-level data to examine the interconnections among firm ownership, environmental regulation, and non-environmental economic policies. We find that there are substantial differences between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and privately-owned enterprises (POEs) in their responses to government anti-pollution mandates. SOEs reduced emissions more than POEs, with the former relying mainly on abatement investment and the latter on reducing outputs. An average POE's marginal abatement cost is more than nine times that of an average SOE, suggesting significant inefficiencies in policy implementation. Policies liberalizing financial markets could affect POEs' abatement costs and improve the cost-effectiveness of environmental policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"63 4","pages":"1252-1278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal taxation and the Domar-Musgrave effect","authors":"Brendan K. Beare, Alexis Akira Toda","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article concerns the optimal choice of flat taxes on labor and capital income, and on consumption, in a tractable economic model in which agents are subject to idiosyncratic investment risk. We identify the tax rates which maximize welfare in stationary equilibrium while preserving tax revenue, finding that an increase in welfare equivalent to a permanent increase in consumption of nearly 7% can be achieved by only taxing capital income and consumption. The Domar-Musgrave effect explains cases where it is optimal to tax capital income. We characterize the dynamic response to the substitution of consumption taxation for labor income taxation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"63 4","pages":"1170-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building the walls of international trade after war: Can dispute resolution mechanisms (DRMs) help?","authors":"Felix Fosu","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper explores how international trade recovers after war, emphasizing the role of dispute resolution mechanisms (DRMs). Wars typically prolong negative trade impacts due to heightened tensions, but DRMs—such as General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization and diplomatic exchanges—can reduce these tensions, lower policy uncertainty, and ease economic frictions, facilitating recovery. Using the gravity model, the study analyzes trade flows between countries with a history of conflict to test if DRM membership brings additional trade benefits. Results indicate that DRM membership is linked to positive trade effects for countries affected by war, likely accelerating recovery from disruptions caused by conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"63 4","pages":"1147-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecin.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Customer switching, firm entry and regulatory policy: Evidence from retail electricity market restructuring","authors":"Jeffrey T. Macher, John W. Mayo, Robert Press","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Customer switching and firm entry are central to market performance, yet the linkages between these market characteristics has not been empirically examined. This study seeks to rectify this lacuna by examining the customer switching-firm entry relationship using direct observations on both. We do so in the context of the Maryland retail electricity industry, which began to allow both entry and customer switching in the late 1990s. Our empirical analysis provides support for the interplay between these market characteristics, as well as the important role that legislative and regulatory market design mechanisms have on both consumer switching and entry.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"63 4","pages":"1313-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tacit collusion by pricing algorithms","authors":"Bharat Bhole, Sunita Surana","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article contributes to the debate about the potential of pricing algorithms to collude and earn supra-competitive profits without explicit communication. By simulating competition among seven algorithms, we demonstrate that: (1) algorithms can reach supra-competitive prices in a reasonably short time, taking less than <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mn>00</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mtext>th</mtext>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $1/1,00{0}^{text{th}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> the time taken by algorithms in recent studies; and (2) tacit collusion among the algorithms is robust to the choice of different algorithms by competing firms. These results address the main criticisms concerning the practical relevance of recent studies that demonstrate algorithmic collusion. The top-performing algorithms possess properties of niceness, forgiveness, provocability, and flexibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"63 4","pages":"1036-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A reappraisal of real-time forecasts of the real price of oil","authors":"Eric Benyo, Reinhard Ellwanger, Stephen Snudden","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We replicate Baumeister and Kilian's work done in 2012 to reappraise real-time forecasts of the real price of crude oil against the end-of-month no-change forecast, the equivalent naive benchmark used for asset prices. We find no consistently significant improvements in the predictive accuracy of model-based forecasts over this naive benchmark at short horizons. Only futures-based forecasts consistently outperform the end-of-month no-change forecast, and only at longer horizons. These results challenge the consensus on the predictability of the real price of crude oil and the merits of alternative forecast approaches. Our findings motivate broader reassessment and replication of forecasting models of temporally aggregated series.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"64 1","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecin.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145964386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marius Ötting, Christian Deutscher, Carl Singleton, Luca De Angelis
{"title":"Betting on momentum in contests","authors":"Marius Ötting, Christian Deutscher, Carl Singleton, Luca De Angelis","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With unprecedented access to volumes and prices of state-contingent claims by a major bookmaker, second-by-second in-play football betting markets, we study what happens after major breaking news. We focus on what might look like a shift in momentum to a bettor: equalizing goals. Immediately after this news breaks, the volume of claims sold on the match outcomes increases and is substantially biased toward the equalizing team. But there is no evidence that the prices or values of these claims are functions of whichever team scored last. These findings illustrate the value of integrating high-frequency price and quantity data to evaluate the efficiency and profitability of betting markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"63 4","pages":"1066-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecin.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamara Gurevich, Peter R. Herman, Farid Toubal, Yoto V. Yotov
{"title":"Linguistic fractionalization, trade, and welfare","authors":"Tamara Gurevich, Peter R. Herman, Farid Toubal, Yoto V. Yotov","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine the implications of linguistic fractionalization on trade and welfare, focusing on the United States. Our model identifies the direct and indirect effects of fractionalization on international and domestic trade and welfare. We construct a novel dataset to show that changes in fractionalization impact trade, leading to significant economic consequences. To highlight the general equilibrium implications, we conduct simulations on language policy-induced changes in the shares and the composition of Hispanic speakers within the United States, showing the importance of considering language policies, as they can yield substantial economic benefits but also sizable economic consequences stretching beyond national borders.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"63 4","pages":"1201-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sentiment shocks, productivity, and long-run growth","authors":"Mehmet Burak Turgut","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the effect of sentiment shocks, changes in confidence unrelated to the fundamentals, on the US economy in the long run. We identify quarterly sentiment shocks using the quarterly averages of monthly sentiment shocks as an instrument in the IV-SVAR framework. We find that output and potential output permanently increase in response to a sentiment shock. The increase in R&D investments is the main transmission channel of sentiment shocks on productivity and long-run economy. The findings imply that the exogenous changes in consumer confidence are not only a measure of expected future productivity growth but also a source of them.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"63 4","pages":"1090-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Affirmative action and educational attainment of disadvantaged religious minorities: Evidence from India","authors":"Mitul Surana, Rajnish Rai","doi":"10.1111/ecin.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine whether affirmative action incentivizes a disadvantaged religious minority group in India to obtain additional years of education. We study the implementation of quotas in government hiring and university admissions for backward-class Muslims in 2007 in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Using a difference-in-differences approach that uses variation in exposure to the policy by age-cohort and social group, we find that these quotas increase educational attainment of the targeted population. Investigating the effects by gender, we find statistically significant and robust positive effects on the educational attainment of male members of the targeted Muslim groups, but not females.</p>","PeriodicalId":51380,"journal":{"name":"Economic Inquiry","volume":"63 4","pages":"1367-1385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}