{"title":"Fragmentation in international business: A geographic-and-political perspective","authors":"Victor Cui , Xiaocong Tian , Rongjian Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marking the twentieth anniversary of Rugman and Verbeke’s (2004) seminal work on regionalization, Verbeke et al. (2025) critically examine how geopolitical tensions, such as those between the U.S. and China, are reshaping regionalization and the global economic order. Extending this study, we argue that while the traditional regionalization perspective emphasizes geographic proximity as the primary driver of global economic fragmentation, recent geopolitical disruptions indicate that these fractures are increasingly aligning with political fault lines among nations. We develop a Geographic-and-Political (GAP) framework, juxtaposing geographic distance with political divergence between nation-states. We propose that political distance modifies the traditional relationship between geographic proximity and regionalization, creating varied effects in both intra-regional and inter-regional business activities. The regionalization effect is more likely to persist or even strengthen when geographic and political distances align, but may weaken or fail otherwise. This framework extends and operationalizes the perspectives in Verbeke et al. (2025), highlighting a new paradigm of fragmentation and opening up new research directions for the literature on regionalization and MNEs’ multipolar geo-strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 102458"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Institutional quality and investment disputes in emerging and frontier economies","authors":"Ricardo E. Buitrago R.","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relationship between institutional quality and investor-state disputes in emerging and frontier economies. Analyzing data from 40 countries for 2008–2020 using a fixed-effects negative binomial regression model, I investigate how different dimensions of institutional quality affect the occurrence of investment disputes. The results reveal a complex pattern: Stronger regulatory quality, rule of law, legal efficiency, and expropriation risk protection are associated with fewer disputes, whereas stronger property rights protection and more international investment agreements are associated with increased dispute frequency. Robustness checks suggest a more complex relationship with property rights than was initially found. These findings collectively indicate that institutional development transforms rather than simply reducing investment risk, as stronger institutions simultaneously attract investment while providing clearer grounds for legal action and raising investor expectations. These findings contribute to institutional theory and have implications for policymakers seeking to balance institutional development with dispute risk management in emerging and frontier economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 102462"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Man Yang , Peter Gabrielsson , Mika Gabrielsson , Seppo Pynnönen
{"title":"Turning decision-making logic into international performance among SMEs: Revealing the importance of international entrepreneurial marketing","authors":"Man Yang , Peter Gabrielsson , Mika Gabrielsson , Seppo Pynnönen","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The international business field lacks research on how decision-making logics lead to SMEs’ international performance and what mechanisms are involved. This study examines the relationship between decision-making logics (effectuation and causation) and international performance of SMEs and contributes by highlighting the crucial role of international entrepreneurial marketing. We used structural equation partial least squares in the empirical study with a cross-country sample of 489 internationalizing SMEs from China, Finland, and New Zealand. The results reveal that international entrepreneurial marketing fully mediates the positive effectuation–performance relationship and the mediation effect is stronger among SMEs from developing markets and offering services. We show that international entrepreneurial marketing partially mediates the positive causation–performance relationship and the mediation effect is stronger among SMEs from developed markets and among those that offer products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 102457"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The evolution of stigmas facing Chinese MNEs abroad: From latecomer stigma to geopolitical stigma","authors":"Fengkai Zhou , Dan Prud’homme , Haijian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper conceptualizes the evolution of stigma facing Chinese MNEs<span> in Western markets. From the 1980s-early 2010s, MNEs faced “latecomer stigma” (i.e., stigma from perceived low product quality, copycat behavior, and other latecomer disadvantages) whereas at present they face “geopolitical stigma” (i.e., stigma from threatening Western economic and political leadership). After highlighting the limits of liability of origin theory to explain this shift, we draw on organizational stigma theory and a geopolitical perspective to theorize the causes and consequences of the evolution of these two stigmas. For each type, we contrast their dominant logics, audiences, bases, outcomes, and strategic responses. The shift of institutional logics in Western host markets from neoliberal globalization to neopopulist globalization fundamentally explains the evolution of the stigmas. Among other contributions, we provide a more dynamic perspective of Chinese MNEs’ legitimacy challenges abroad. We also point out that, ironically, Chinese MNEs’ strategies to mitigate latecomer stigma have contributed to geopolitical stigma, and some host government responses to geopolitical stigma replicate practices they often criticized as unfair.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 102456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr Sara Fraccastoro , Dr Heini Vanninen , Prof Mika Gabrielsson
{"title":"Two decades of research on digitalization, entrepreneurship, and internationalization: What foundations do they provide for research on digital entrepreneurial internationalization?","authors":"Dr Sara Fraccastoro , Dr Heini Vanninen , Prof Mika Gabrielsson","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing digital transformation is influencing international entrepreneurship. Current knowledge on that transformation is scattered across various fields. The current research comprises a systematic literature review and a thematic mapping covering the areas of digital internationalization, digital entrepreneurship, and digital entrepreneurial internationalization. Our initial sample consisted of 1138 articles published in 64 journals over 24 years. We contribute to research in the field by mapping out <em>digital entrepreneurial internationalization</em> as an emergent research area, suggesting avenues to advance its theoretical foundations and methodological stances, and analysing the characteristics and various contexts permeating the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 102455"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is bottom-of-the-pyramid orientation a new reason for product imitation in emerging markets?","authors":"Lianyong Xu , Zelong Wei , Paike Xie , Eric W.T. Ngai , Wengao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While international business studies suggest that multinationals conduct extensive market research and innovation tailored to bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) customer demand, the inherent challenges of the BOP market remain overlooked. This study highlights the role of product imitation in tackling the challenges of cost reduction and awareness improvement. The imitation literature focuses on the role of institutional environments in preventing product imitation in emerging markets, while little attention is paid to how customers—especially BOP customers, the dominant arbiters of value in emerging economies—motivate firms to engage in product imitation. Drawing on institutional theory and the demand-side view, this study examines the relationship between BOP orientation—the orientation toward meeting the unique demands of BOP customers—and product imitation. Using survey data from 334 Chinese manufacturing firms, this study finds that BOP orientation has a positive relationship with product imitation. Legal incompleteness and demand uncertainty strengthen this relationship, while demand heterogeneity weakens it. This study contributes to the literature by identifying BOP orientation as an important demand-side antecedent of product imitation and highlighting how these effects are contingent on institutional and demand factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 102452"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of distance on persuasion in international e-mail marketing campaigns","authors":"Peter Magnusson , Stanford A. Westjohn","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the relative effectiveness of different persuasive appeals in international e-mail customer acquisition marketing campaigns. We conducted three separate experiments, including two lab experiments and one field experiment, to examine the impact of different persuasive appeals on customers. Our research specifically focuses on consensus and authority-focused persuasive appeals. Our findings consistently show that when there is a small cultural distance between the seller and potential buyer, consensus appeals are more effective. On the other hand, when there is a large cultural distance, authority appeals are more effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 102454"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financial constraints, institutional quality and import trade flows: An empirical investigation on Italian manufacturing SMEs","authors":"G. Falavigna , R. Ippoliti , G.B. Ramello","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the relation between local institutions and international business, considering the Italian manufacturing industry and SMEs’ import trade flows between 2015 and 2019. In detail, we test the hypothesis of whether courts’ inability to enforce contracts can amplify uncertainty on the market, discouraging foreign suppliers from performing international transactions. We interpret these expectations in terms of financial constraints, imagining that the quality of a legal system limits firms’ access to local financial resources, which are essential to guarantee such operations. The proposed hypothesis is assessed considering alternative explanations that might characterize importers: absence of ex-ante business networks on the global market (i), expected bankruptcy risks (ii) and asymmetric information (iii). Results are consistent to several robustness tests and, according to the collected evidence, we cannot reject the hypothesis that judicial quality might represent an institutional barrier to local SMEs, preventing their international business strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 102453"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breaking trust? International partnership exit and learning about opportunities","authors":"Joanne Wright , Antje Fiedler , Benjamin P. Fath","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how exiting key international partnerships affects trust and subsequent learning about opportunities in international markets. We identify three distinct exit approaches using qualitative data from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The first approach focuses on contractual exit provisions, which destroy affective trust but maintain cognitive trust as a basis for ongoing learning about opportunities in foreign markets. In the second approach, SMEs exit partnerships by claiming control, thus eroding affective and cognitive trust, turning former partners into adversaries and limiting the ability to learn from new relationships. The third approach, a consensual exit, maintains affective trust, offering future opportunities for market learning. This study advances the understanding of the role of trust in SME internationalisation by identifying the effects of exit approaches on post-exit opportunities through the preservation of residual trust. Crucially, the study reveals that learning about opportunities in foreign markets can endure beyond partnership exit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 102451"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-border innovation for global value chain orchestration","authors":"Ekaterina Turkina , Ari Van Assche , Ram Mudambi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how multinational enterprises (MNEs) leverage cross-border innovation to enhance their capacity for orchestrating global value chains (GVCs). Grounded in systems integration theory, and using the context of the aircraft engine industry of the aerospace sector, we propose that architectural knowledge is imperative for MNEs to orchestrate their GVCs. This leads us to hypothesize that orchestrating MNEs possess a broader technological scope and a wider range of cross-border innovations compared to other firms. Moreover, we demonstrate the rising complexity and interdependency of the sector’s technological system and conjecture that this increases the scope advantage that orchestrating MNEs need over other firms. To test these hypotheses, we analyze a unique longitudinal dataset on formal inter-firm linkages from 2002 to 2014. Our findings provide empirical support for our theoretical predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 102450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}