Trends in Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Activation Heating Rate on Pore Structure in Teak Sawdust-Derived Activated Carbon and Its Application in Methylene Blue Adsorption","authors":"Gusti Agung, Kade Suriadi, Dewa Ngakan, Ketut Putra Negara, Tjokorda Gede, Tirta Nindhia, I. Ketut, Adi Atmika, Made Dwi, Budiana Penindra, I. Made, Gatot Karohika","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.8110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8110","url":null,"abstract":"Activated carbon (AC) is a multifunctional adsorbent with a high adsorption capacity because of its pore structure comprising a large pore volume and surface area. However, its pore structure properties are largely influenced by the chemical composition and manufacturing conditions of the raw material. This study examined the effect of activation heating rate parameter on pore structure and methylene blue adsorption in teak sawdust AC. The adsorbent was dehydrated, carbonized and activated at 105, 750 and 700 °C for 2 h, 50 min, and 6 to 14 °C/min, with a nitrogen flow rate of 200 mL/min for 50 min. Several characterizations were carried out to identify pore structure, proximate substance, functional groups, surface morphology, and methylene blue-adsorption capacity of AC. The results showed that activation heating rate with the best properties and capacity of MB adsorption were adsorbed at a peak of 10 °C/min. AC obtained has a C-C aromatic rings functional group, an amorphous crystal structure, an interplanar length of 3.03 Å, 75.74 % fixed carbon, pore surface area of 126.279 m2/g, pore volume of 0.235 cc/g, and a multimodal micropore-mesopore size distribution. This is in addition to adsorption capability of 13.48 mg/g for methylene blue.","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":" 649","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Response Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Oil Extraction from Milkfish By-Products using D-Limonene as A Bio-Based Solvent","authors":"Masrukan Masrukan, S. Raharjo, Rini Yanti, W. Setyaningsih","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.8016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8016","url":null,"abstract":"          Fish oil has been reported to have positive health effects because it is rich in n-3 essential fatty acids. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for achieving a high oil yield and omega-3 content from milkfish by-products using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with a d-limonene solvent. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology was successfully used to determine the optimum extraction conditions for omega-3 fatty acids based on several factors: Temperature (30, 60 and 90 °C), solvent-to-sample ratio (2:1, 4:1 and 6:1 mL/g) and time (6, 38 and 70 min). The ANOVA results showed that sonication time (p < 0.05) and temperature (p < 0.05) had a significant influence on omega-3 fatty acids and the yield of extracted oil. The optimal extraction conditions for UAE were 68 min, 84 °C, and a solvent-to-sample ratio of 3:1 mL/g resulting in high oil recovery (21.95 %) containing omega-3 compounds (12.50 %). Additionally, the resulting oil was also further characterized by quality parameters (acid, peroxide, anisidine-total oxidation and iodine values) as well as the fatty acid composition. The developed milkfish oil met the IFOS™ (International Fish Oil Standards) criteria hence applicable for industrial oil production.","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minocycline Inhibits Glial Scar Formation Through CNTF Expression and Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats","authors":"D. W. Wardhana, Husnul Khotimah, T. A. Nazwar, N. Nurdiana","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7945","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic condition that causes permanent disability, particularly cognitive impairment resulting from glial scar formation. Minocycline treatment inhibits glial scar formation through the Ciliary Neurotropic Factor (CNTF) pathway in multiple sclerosis. We hypothesized that minocycline could also inhibit CNTF, which would play a role in the inhibition of glial scar formation in TBI. The objective was to evaluate the role of minocycline in inhibiting glial scar formation through the CNTF signaling pathway and ameliorating cognitive impairment in TBI model rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 16) were divided into 4 groups (n = 4/group). TBI through the weight drop model is performed on day 0, followed by minocycline treatment of 25 mg/kg (MNO1 group), 50 mg/kg (MNO2 group) and 100 mg/kg (MNO3 group) given for 14 days. The NOR test is performed on day 15, followed by immunofluorescence double staining on day 16. Minocycline plays a role in inhibiting glial scar formation in TBI model rats. Minocycline inhibits the formation of CNTF with an effect proportion of 66.3 %, which plays a role in inhibiting glial scar in the perilesional area in TBI model rats. Inhibition of glial scar improves cognitive function impairment in TBI model rats. Administration of minocycline improves cognitive function in TBI model rats with an effect proportion of 46.7 %. It can be concluded that minocycline inhibits glial scar through the inhibition of CNTF expression and ameliorates cognitive impairment in a rat model of TBI.","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of Latex Diagnosis Parameters Determination using Multiplate Reader and Freeze-Drying Conservation to Support Large-Scale Utilization in Rubber Plantations","authors":"Junaidi Junaidi, Afdholiatus Syafaah, M. Aji, Sigit Ismawanto, F. Oktavia, Siti Subandiyah, Pascal Montoro, T. R. Nuringtyas","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7963","url":null,"abstract":"The Latex Diagnosis (LD) is performed through the determination of dry rubber (DRC), sucrose (Suc), inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and thiol (RSH) contents. It is carried out through the colorimetric method using a single cuvette spectrophotometer, which is time-consuming and requires a high volume of chemicals. It also needs to be executed as soon as the samples are collected so that limits the adoption of LD. The adaptation of the protocol to a multiplate reader and suitable conservation aimed to overcome the limitations. The experiments were carried out at the Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Sembawa, Palembang, and Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Various combinations of solution volumes, adapted from standard protocol, were tested. The closest slope of the standard curve to control was then applied to 7 randomly selected trees. The result showed that for Suc, the composition of 10 µL samples, 30 µL of 2.5 % TCA and 210 µL anthrone reagent was suitable for determination using a multiplate reader. The combination of 40 µL of sample, 85 µL of 2.5 % TCA and 125 µL mL FeSO4 solution was suitable for Pi determination, while 100 µL samples, 5 µL DNTB and 100 µL Tris is recommended for RSH. The measurement using a multiplate reader resulted in comparable contents (average deviations were 1.83, 2.69 and 3.51 % for Suc, Pi, and RSH, respectively), lower time and chemicals consumptions, and a larger number of sample handling compared to single cuvette method. This study also tested the effect of freeze-drying for sample conservation. The result indicated that freeze-drying was able to maintain the Pi level (deviation 0.93 %). However, it increased Suc (deviation 19.43 %) and decreased ascorbate (AsA) significantly (deviation 43.60 %); therefore, freeze-drying might not be suitable for conserving serum samples in the LD method.","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Progress in Exploring Structural Changes in Brown Algae Fucoxanthin and Its Potential Bioactivity for Human Health","authors":"T. H. Brotosudarmo, D. Pringgenies, Arif Agung Wibawa","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7984","url":null,"abstract":"Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid found in brown seaweed. Its potential anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have recently attracted interest. This interest is driven by the growing awareness of natural compounds promoting well-being, ongoing research into their health impacts and their appeal to the food and supplement industries. Brown seaweed is a major source of fucoxanthin and its global cultivation is on the rise. Fucoxanthin’s structural characteristics contribute to its bioactivity. Isomerization, influenced by factors like light and heat, can alter its biological activity. Recent studies highlight the importance of the cis/trans isomer ratio in determining fucoxanthin’s biological effects. This review uses narrative approaches to explore fucoxanthin’s potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, emphasizing its source from brown seaweed and considerations for maximizing bioavailability and stability. The dynamic landscape of fucoxanthin research underscores its promising role in human health, encapsulating its multifaceted benefits within a concise framework.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Fucoxanthin from brown seaweed has potential anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties\u0000Interest in fucoxanthin is rising due to its natural origin and health benefits.\u0000The global cultivation of brown seaweed is increasing, driven by demand for fucoxanthin\u0000Fucoxanthin’s bioactivity is influenced by its structure and isomer ratios\u0000Stability and extraction methods are crucial for optimizing fucoxanthin’s use in food and pharmaceuticals\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Antibacterial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Qualities of the Stink Bean (Parkia Speciosa) by Various Extraction Techniques","authors":"Wanita Parntong, On-anong Somsap, Anussara Kamnate, Kitiya Ekchaweng, S. Obchoei, Sompop Saeheng","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7994","url":null,"abstract":"In various Southeast Asian countries, people have long incorporated the young green seeds of Parkia speciosa, commonly known as stink beans, into their culinary traditions. These seeds can be prepared using various cooking methods, including boiling, microwaving, stir-frying, or even consuming them raw. While several studies have explored the pharmaceutical properties of raw stink beans, this study seeks to expand our knowledge of how different extraction methods can influence the release of bioactive compounds from these young stink bean seeds. Three distinct extraction methods, namely (1) microwave-assisted water extraction, (2) boiling water extraction and (3) 50 % ethanol extraction were employed in this research. The study focused on total phenolic content and antioxidant activities, with the 50 % ethanol extraction method yielding the most promising results. Moreover, only the extract obtained from the 50 % ethanol method exhibited antimicrobial activity against 4 gram-positive bacteria, including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus and 1 gram-negative bacterium, Salmonella typhi. Notably, extracts obtained from the 3 extraction methods of young stink bean seeds exhibit varying degrees of inhibition of cancer cell growth with low cell toxicity. Taken together, our findings suggest that distinct extraction methods play a key role in obtaining different sets of bioactive compounds from the young seeds of stink beans. Therefore, various cooking methods, including stir-frying, microwaving and pickling in alcohol, may offer diverse sources of bioactive compounds for promoting consumer health.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000A 50 % ethanol extraction of young stink bean seeds yields the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds and exhibits the highest antioxidant capacity\u0000The sole extract derived from the 50 % ethanol extraction of young stink bean seeds demonstrated notable antimicrobial efficacy against both selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria\u0000Three distinct extraction methodologies—microwave-assisted water extraction, boiling water extraction and 50 % ethanol extraction—exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity against normal cell lines and cancer cells\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Dynamics and Environmental Drivers of Phytoplankton Composition in a Tropical Dam Over 5 Years in Chiang Mai, Thailand","authors":"T. Kunpradid, Phitsanuphakhin Chaimongkhon, Rungnapa Tagun","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7930","url":null,"abstract":"This 5-year study (2015 - 2019) investigates the dynamics of phytoplankton and their correlation with environmental factors including water volume, physicochemical and nutrient availability in Mae Kuang Dam, Northern Thailand. The study identified 177 taxa across 6 groups, with Charophyta being predominant (53.3 %) in both wet and dry seasons, specifically in the genus Staurastrum. Taxonomic richness was higher in the wet season, with green algae being the most abundant. In addition, Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyceae and Chrysophyceae showed increased densities. Annual variations peaked in 2015, decreased in 2017 and exhibited a slight increase thereafter. Cyanobacteria experienced blooms in the wet season, accompanied by significant fluctuations in Charophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta. Notably, Cyanophyta exhibited a 20-fold increase from 2015 to 2019. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) highlighted the influence of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), conductivity, air temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) on phytoplankton during the dry season. Lower water volumes and concentrations of water bodies may intensify the impact of certain factors on phytoplankton communities during this period. In the wet season, pH, conductivity, TDS, ammonia, air temperature and BOD played significant roles, as increased rainfall and nutrient runoff occurred. These results indicate that the combined effects of these environmental variables and hydrological events, including water volume and water static, could influence the dynamics of phytoplankton and water quality. This finding helps us understand the shifts in the aquatic ecosystem under the environmental factors in Thailand. Therefore, further research is needed, emphasizing the necessity for well-planned dam management to maintain both water quality and ecological stability.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Biannual monitoring was conducted over 5 years to study the dynamics of phytoplankton in a tropical dam. Green algae, including Staurastrum and Cosmarium, dominated throughout the sampling period\u0000Green algae showed a decreasing trend in cell numbers, while Cyanophyta exhibited an increasing trend\u0000The low water volumes of water bodies may favor green algae, while the highest volume favors high nutrient levels, resulting in more cell numbers than in the dry season. Therefore, nutrient variability, temperature and water volume may favor the dominating growth of green algae and Cyanobacteria\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"125 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formula Optimization of Traditional Functional Beverage Minasarua from Bima West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia","authors":"Neyla Vista Maramy, Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih, E. Martati, Zahra Zafira","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7693","url":null,"abstract":"          Minasarua is a traditional beverage from Bima, West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia which consists of spices, fermented black glutinous rice (FBGR), tai mina (dried blondo) and palm sugar. The product is consumed by local people with various formulas, especially in terms of types and quantities of spices and FBGR. This study aimed to optimize the formula of Minasarua which has optimum antioxidant activity. The method used was D-Optimal Mixture Design using Design Expert 13 software with independent variables, namely ginger, turmeric, Javanese chili pepper (JCP), pepper and FBGR. There were 21 formulas of Minasarua with different percentages of each component observed in this research. The antioxidant activity (DPPH method), total phenolic content (Folin Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (aluminum chloride colorimetric assay) and total anthocyanin (pH differential method) were tested using a spectrophotometer in response to all the formulas. The results of the optimization showed that Minasarua with 16.59 % ginger, 0.30 % turmeric, 4.50 % JCP, 3.83 % pepper and 74.78 % FBGR were able to respond to the antioxidant activity of 51.23 mg TE/100 g, with total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin were 112.03 mg GAE/100 g, 278.31 mg QE/100 g and 1.14 mg/100 g, respectively, and the desirability of 0.98. There was no significant difference between the predicted and verification values of the 4 responses. Therefore, this formula is recommended as the best formula which has an optimum antioxidant activity to produce Minasarua as a functional beverage.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Minasarua is a traditional functional beverage from Bima West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia\u0000The formula of Minasarua can be optimized using the D-Optimal Mixture Design method\u0000Optimizing the number of spices and fermented black glutinous (FBGR) can improve the functional properties of Minasarua in terms of antioxidant activity, total phenols content, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanin\u0000Statistically, each component interacts synergistically or antagonistically to provide functional properties\u0000The functional properties of the Minasarua reformulation product are affected by its constituent components\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximization of Micropropagule Production in an Attractive Ornamental Plant, Oxalis triangularis A.st.-Hil","authors":"S. Klaocheed, S. Rittirat, S. Kalawong, K. Thammasiri","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7917","url":null,"abstract":"Petiole segments of an economically ornamental plant Oxalis triangularis A.st.-Hil have been used in the present study for rapid, reliable and systematic in vitro propagation. The morphogenic effect of α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at various concentrations (0.5 - 3.0 mg/L) was studied individually or in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Superior multiplication rates were achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BAP. Of the tested combinations, maximum shoot regeneration (100.00 %), mean shoot number (14.60 ± 0.37 shoots per segment), and shoot length (18.11 ± 0.30 mm) were recorded on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BAP after 6 weeks of incubation. Half-strength MS medium augmented with 1.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was the optimal medium for in vitro root induction, (24.60 ± 0.37 roots per shoot with 9.10 ± 0.32 mm in length) after 6 weeks of incubation. The regenerated plantlets showed 100 % survival success during acclimatization and exhibited normal growth characteristics and morphology. This optimized protocol is cost-effective and highly efficient for the rapid mass propagation of Oxalis triangularis A.st.-Hil.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000The tissue culture technology was successfully employed for developing a practicable simple, efficient, and amenable protocol for mass multiplication of Oxalis triangularis A.st.-Hil, an economically ornamental plant\u0000Our studies based on interaction and combinations of auxins with BAP provided better shoot proliferation\u0000The regenerated plantlets survived well under field conditions\u0000This optimized protocol is cost-effective and highly efficient for the rapid mass propagation of Oxalis triangularis A.st.-Hil\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison between Energy Density of Blue and Red Light which Activation Silver Nanoparticles to Inhibition Candida albicans Biofilms","authors":"Pryandi M. Tabaika, S. Astuty, S. Dewang, Nur Umriani Permatasari, Wahiduddin Wahiduddin","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7702","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a technique to inhibit microbial biofilm growth through the toxicity of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) compounds. ROS can be attack membrane, lipids, DNA and nucleic acid then initiate cell necrosis. This study aims to analyze the potential of red and blue LEDs to activating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to produce significant amounts of ROS that are believed to be toxic and lethal to Candida albicans biofilm cells. The effectiveness of the treatment in this study was evaluated through cell viability represented by Optical Density values and malondialdehyde levels. There were 4 treatment groups used as samples, namely the control group, the photosensitizer group, the light group, and the combination group of light with photosensitizer. The duration of light exposure ranged from 2 to 10 min with a power of 100 MW. The biofilm staining done to detection some indicator as an impact of photodynamic against mortality and survive cell with 2 dyes are XTT assay as cell viability values and the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances assay for malondialdehyde levels. The results showed that photoinactivation of Candida albicans biofilm with the lowest viability occurred in the treatment group of the combination of blue light with AgNPs with an irradiation duration of 10 min, namely 0.076 ± 0.005 and the treatment group of the combination of red light with AgNPs with an irradiation duration of 10 min, namely 0.131 ± 0.021. The data resulted in an inactivation rate of 94.68 ± 0.55 % for blue light and 90.98 ± 0.02 % for red light. The malondialdehyde levels were 1.563 nmol/mL for blue light and 1.514 nmol/mL for red light. The comparison of blue light treatment with red light is based on penetration in the cell, where blue light has low penetration but high energy which gives more opportunities to produce ROS at the triplet level. The combination of blue LED spectrum with AgNPs is highly effective in inactivating the metabolic activity of pathogenic microbial cells.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000Candida albicans biofilm is very rigid and has strong potential as a chronic infection. The research focuses on the application of photodynamic inactivation with LED light and antimicrobial AgNPs. Identification of the results with XTT assay 94.65 % inhibition and TBARS assay at MDA level of 1,864 nmol/mL.\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}