Trends in Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Bioprospecting of Rhizobia as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Potential from Root Nodules of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"Dyah Wulandari, Karyadi Baskoro, Yasmiin Mahmuudah, F. Kusmiyati, A. R. Pratiwi, A. Budiharjo","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7651","url":null,"abstract":"          Rhizobia are bacteria that symbiosis with host plant, as shown in the root nodules formation, and provide nitrogen that can be absorbed by plants in greater quantities than rhizobacteria. Available Nitrogen, which absorbed by plants, is the essential requirement for plant growth because its role in increasing yield and quality, hence it is needed in greater quantities than other nutrients. The study aimed to determine the macroscopic and microscopic diversity of rhizobia isolates from the groundnut nodules and their potential as PGPRs, and to identify 16S rRNA isolates with the best potential as PGPRs molecularly. The methods used were isolation from root nodules, screening of PGPR potential, molecular identification based on the 16S rRNA gene, and phylogenetic analysis to determine their kinship. Based on the isolation results, 17 Gram-negative isolates were obtained white to pink or orange color on AG media with various colony characteristics in terms of shape, margin, elevation, and texture. KT 20, which was selected as rhizobia isolate with the best potential as PGPR, has ammonium concentration of 23.12 ppm, synthesizes IAA with a concentration of 10.36 ppm, and phosphates solubilization activity, although its ability to synthesize proteases is low. The results of molecular identification of 16S rRNA showed that KT 20 belongs to the Rhizobium genus with a similarity of 99.48 % and bootstrap value of 96 %.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Isolate KT 20 (identified rhizobia) has excellent ability in fixing nitrogen, which plants needs the most and legumes requires in large number\u0000Beside the ability of Isolate KT 20 to fix nitrogen, it also able to synthesize IAA, solubilize phosphate, and synthesize protease\u0000The ability of isolate KT 20 as PGPR was equal or better than other rhizobacteria that has been analyzed in other in vitro studies\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141052978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure Design and Sensitivity Optimization of Optical Fiber Biosensor Based Au Nano Column - TiO2 Heterostructure","authors":"M. H. Younus, O. F. Ameen, H. A. Salih","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7659","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation on a single mode optical fiber sensor-based surface plasmon resonance was carried out in this work. A titanium dioxide (TiO2) coated gold Nano-column (Au) are deposited on the proposed sensor and theoretically analyzed using COMSOL Muliphysics software 5.3. Presence of TiO2 over the Au Nano-column can improve the sensitivity of the sensor and tune the resonance peak of transmission spectrum from visible region to near-infrared region. The size effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the sensor performance is studied. The optimum parameters of such as Au size and separation width between the Au Nano-column have been selected to enhance the performance of the sensor. In comparison, the sensor with TiO2 over Au Nano-column is significantly improve the sensitivity and develop the sensor performance. The greater sensitivity of 5243.76 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) is obtained of sensor with TiO2 over Au Nano-column when the external refractive index of analyte is varying from 1.33 to 1.39, while sensitivity of the sensor coated with Au Nano-column is obtained to be 4643.17 nm/RIU for the same analyte range. Above results can be used to predict the best parameters values of the sensor that corresponding to the greatest sensitivities of detection and finally opening new study in the field of gas sensors.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Optical fiber biosensors are a devices that use to measure the analyte by using the optical field\u0000Optical fiber biosensors have a high detection speed and low-cost, compared to congenital sensors\u0000The optical fiber sensors based SPR are widely used for biosensor applications\u0000The novelty in this research is the fabricate of optical fiber sensor coated with TiO2 over Au Nano-column based SPR foe gas detection\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Extracts on Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Ganyong Starch Edible Films as Primary Packaging of Crabstick","authors":"Deli Silvia, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Rizki Ivan Fadhilah, H. Kamilah, Nor Nadiah Abdul Karim Shah","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7711","url":null,"abstract":"Research has been conducted on the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract addition in the combination of an edible film made from Ganyong starch, sorbitol and chitosan. This study aims to analyze whether this formulation can be used as a substitute packaging for crabsticks that have been using conventional plastic packaging. By using a variation of ginger extract concentrations of 0, 3%, 6% and 9% into 3 % Ganyong starch, 4 % sorbitol and 0.3 % chitosan (w/v). Mechanical characteristics were carried out in the form of tensile strength, elongation, young modulus, swelling, moisture content, thickness, and solubility test. Antimicrobial ability and DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) for the thermal properties of the casted film were also conducted. Data was analyzed using One-way Anova SPSS version 29 with Turkey’s test. The addition of ginger extract to edible films based on Ganyong starch, sorbitol and chitosan can be used as primary packaging for crabsticks. The best formulation was found in the 6 % ginger extract variation with the results of swelling (95 %), moisture content (13 %), elongation (76 %), and antimicrobial properties of Escherichia coli (7.5 mm) and Bacillus cereus (6.9 mm). In addition, the melting temperature (Tm) of 6 % ginger extract concentration was also higher (134 °C), yet was not significantly different from the other variations. Therefore, this formulation has the potential as an alternative primary crabstick packaging.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Preparation of edible film from 3 % Ganyong starch, 4 % sorbitol, 0.3 % chitosan with fixed concentration and 3 different variations of ginger extract concentration (0, 3, 6, and 9 %), respectively.\u0000Casting method of edible film as primary packaging of crabsticks\u0000Mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively\u0000The 6 % ginger extract variation showed better results with elongation (76 %), moisture content (13 %), swelling (95 %), and antimicrobial properties of coli (7.5 mm) and B. cereus (6.9 mm)\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141033445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Coumarin Hydrazide-Hydrazone Derivatives in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line","authors":"Saisuree Prateeptongkum, N. Duangdee, Wiratchanee Mahavorasirikul","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7628","url":null,"abstract":"Coumarin and aryl hydrazide-hydrazone have attracted our attention due to their vast biological properties. Previous studies suggested that coumarin-tethered aryl hydrazide-hydrazone showed potent activities against HepG2. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic potency of the coumarin derivatives 1 - 3 to compare with coumarin hydrazine-hydrazone hybrids 4 and 5 against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and LH86 cell lines. Among the tested coumarins, hybrids 4 and 5 showed highly potent activity against HepG2 with IC50 values of 17.82 ± 2.79 and 7.87 ± 0.88 𝜇g/mL, respectively. The hybrid 4 also showed the strongest activity against LH86 cell line with IC50 values of 48.32 ± 2.64 𝜇g/mL. Further, we have studied the mechanism of action of the hybrid compounds 4 and 5 in HepG2 cells via the flow-cytometry analysis and the activation of the caspase-3 and caspase-7. The results showed that hybrids 4 and 5 obviously inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cell line through inducing apoptosis.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000Focusing on coumarin and aryl hydrazide-hydrazone possess significant biological properties. We reported the preparation of coumarin hydrazine-hydrazone hybrids and evaluated their effects against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and LH86. The hybrid compounds exhibited high potency against HepG2 and LH86. Flow-cytometry and caspase-3/7 expression analysis revealed that the hybrid compounds induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells.\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secretome of Hypoxia-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats","authors":"Wita Widyaningsih, Agung Putra, Sri Priyantini, A. Muhar, Titiek Sumarawati, S. Trisnadi, N. Amalina, I. Alif, Ardi Prasetio, Risky Chandra Satria Irawan","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7278","url":null,"abstract":"          Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent form of diabetes that affects 90 - 95 % of all diabetic patients. Insulin sensitizers and insulin exogenous supply could temporarily ameliorate hyperglycaemia; however, they are accompanied by side effects. As a result, new approaches are required to address insulin resistance and regenerate beta cells simultaneously. The secretome of hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells (SH-MSCs) contains various growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that could potentially enhance insulin resistance and improve pancreatic function. Objectives: In this study, we performed SH-MSCs infusion to ameliorate HFD-induced hyperglycaemia in T2DM rats. Methods: We created a T2DM rat model using a combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Then, we administered SH-MSCs injection at doses of 250 and 500 µL and assessed the therapeutic effects of SH-MSCs. We also investigated the potential underlying mechanisms involved. Results: The administration of SH-MSCs improved hyperglycemia in rats with T2DM. Infusion of SH-MSCs at 500 µL dose decreased homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Histological analysis revealed that injection of SH-MSCs alleviated morphological damage of pancreas. SH-MSCs administration also inhibit the level of IL-6 and promote the expression of CD163 type 2 macrophage. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that SH-MSCs have the potential to improve hyperglycemia and exert a protective effect on T2DM rats.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000 \u0000\u0000Administration of SH-MSCs effectively improved hyperglycemia and decreased insulin resistance in TD2M rats through modulation of IL-6 levels and promotes the expression of CD163 type 2 macrophage\u0000Histological analysis demonstrated the protective effect of SH-MSCs on pancreatic morphology\u0000SH-MSCs hold promise for improving hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and providing a protective effect in TD2M\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"74 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and Fatty Acid Profile of Refined Tuna Fish Oil By-Product from Canning and Meal Fish Industries","authors":"Gusti Ayu Budiadnyani, Resti Nurmala Dewi, Fenny Crista, Anastasia Panjaitan, Mohammad Sayuti","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7380","url":null,"abstract":"Fish oil by-product (FOB) recovered from the precooking process in the cannery industry and the pressing process in fish meal production are potential resources. However, this fish oil still needs a refinery process to improve the quality of fish oil. This study aimed to identify the physicochemical characteristics of the initial fish oil by-product, the physicochemical profiles, and fatty acids of the fish oil by-product after degumming neutralization and bleaching (bentonite, zeolite, and carbon adsorbents) processes from the cannery and fish meal industry. Results showed the initial physicochemical characteristics of fish oil waste from fish flour have lower quality than canned products (acid value, free fatty acids, PV, AV, TOTOX value, viscosity, and refractive index) but are inversely proportional to the iodine value. Results showed degumming (D) and neutralization (N) processes from the Fish oil canning process (FCP) and Fish oil meal process (FMP) could improve the quality parameters of fish oil by-products by reducing the acid value (7.90, 0.65, 9.17, 0.58  mg KOH/g), respectively;  free fatty acid (3.97, 0.33, 4.60, 0.29 % oleic) respectively; peroxide value (PV) (15.18, 7.38, 17.64, 7.10 mEq/kg), respectively;  anisidine value (AV) (14.36, 6.61, 14.64, 6.51) respectively; total oxidation (TOTOX) value (44.72, 21.37, 49.64, 20.71) respectively; and iodine (167, 153, 163, 155 mg/100 g), respectively as well as increasing the lightness (23.80, 25.70, 20.65, 26.00), respectively. In the bleaching process (B), zeolite (15 %) was an effective adsorbent to obtain oil with the best quality parameters due to zeolite possessed greater polarity and surface area at a higher concentration, which resulted in the acid value for FCP and FMP (0.26, 0.22 mg KOH/g); free fatty acid (0.13, 0.15 % oleic); PV (2.44, 5.71 mEq/kg); AV (2.5, 4.9); TOTOX value (7.16, 9.11); and iodine (138, 151 mg/100 g) as well as increasing the lightness (37.08, 36.74) that are appropriate to International Fishmeal & Oil Manufacturers Association (IFOMA), Codex Alimentarius Committee (CAC), and International Fish Oils Standards (IFOS) standards (p < 0.05). All adsorbents effectively increase the brightness of the FOB. The higher the concentration of adsorbents, the higher the clarity of the FOB. For zeolite absorbents, there was an increase of 16.73 - 32.3 % for FCP and 15.39 - 32.69 % for FMP, but the viscosity decreased with a range of 24.50 - 36.50 cPs. FCP contains 14 fatty acids, while FMP contains 12 fatty acids. The number of SFA and MUFA detected in FCP is lower than in FMP. In contrast, the amount of PUFA in FCP is relatively higher than in FMP. The percentage of EPA and DHA in FCP is lower than in FMP. Overall, the refining process affects the fatty acid composition of fish oil by-products both in the canning process and in fish meal.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000 \u0000\u0000Fish oil by-product (FOB) of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the fish canning process (CP), and fish meal proce","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irradiation Time Optimization on Photocatalytic Activity of Nanoparticles MgO from Dolomite Bangkalan","authors":"Lydia Rohmawati, Silviana Nurul Fathoni, W. Setyarsih, Nugrahani Primary Putri, D. Darminto","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7442","url":null,"abstract":"Dolomite is a type of sedimentary rock material that is often found in the Bangkalan Madura area. This dolomite has a higher MgO compound content than in the other areas, namely 40 %, but its utilization has only been as fertilizer and building materials. For this reason, this research aims to determine the characteristics of MgO nanoparticles and their application in photocatalytic with visible light irradiation. The synthesis of MgO nanoparticles used the hydrochloric acid leaching method, and the results were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence, and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The results showed that the synthesized MgO nanoparticles had a periclase phase and were shaped like a spherical cube with an average nanoparticle size of 27 nm and an energy gap of 3.9 eV. The optical properties of the MgO nanoparticles showed quite strong luminescence at a Raman shift of 1,087.36 cm−1, which was associated with the type of vibrational waves in the atomic lattice, and there were surface defects on the surface of the MgO nanoparticles, namely in the emission spectra of 720.06 and 740.39 nm originating from oxygen vacancies (F-center) and Mg vacancies (V-center). The photocatalytic activity of MgO nanoparticles in visible light showed the optimum time to degrade 30 ppm methylene blue dye in 360 min and yielded a degradation percentage of 99 %. Therefore, MgO nanoparticles could be used for processing industrial dye waste using visible light.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000The synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles from Bangkalan dolomite used the hydrochloric acid leaching method\u0000The presence of nanocrystallite size, crystal defects, and oxygen vacancies in MgO nanoparticles can increase photocatalytic activity\u0000MgO nanoparticles can degrade methylene blue dye with an optimum time of 360 minutes under visible light irradiation\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Diabetic Effect of Okara Noodles on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Kaisun Nesa Lesa, Nazir Ahmad, Yunika Mayangsari, M. N. Cahyanto, Wahyu Dwi Saputra","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7428","url":null,"abstract":"Okara is a by-product of soybean curd residue resulting from the processing of soy milk and tofu. Okara noodles were made from wheat flour (WF) and okara flour (OF) with a few modifications that consist of high dietary fiber. Therefore, okara can be considered as an effective functional component with health-promoting benefits, especially for diabetes mellitus. Albeit, the anti-diabetic effect has not been conscientiously investigated. The goal of the current research was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of okara noodles on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetes mellitus rats. In the experiment, the different ratios of OF was used to prepared 3 formulated noodles (F0, F1 and F2) where F0 (0 % OF; 100 % WF), F1 (25 % OF; 75 % WF) and F2 (45 % OF; 55 % WF). Twenty-four male wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 rats/groups), normal group of rats fed with standard feed and 3 diabetics groups, respectively fed with standard feed and formulated noodles variety (F0, F1 and F2). In in vivo analysis, it indicated, diabetes mellitus rats fed okara noodles had lower blood glucose levels and HOMA-IR and higher serum insulin levels and HOMA-b index than those fed control noodles (F0) as well as body weight managing activity. These outcomes demonstrated okara noodles possess significant anti-diabetic activity, prompting the applicability of okara noodles as potential food for the diabetes mellitus food products.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Diabetes mellitus (DM) rats fed okara noodles had lower BGLs and HOMA-IR\u0000DM rats fed okara noodles had higher serum insulin levels and HOMA-b index than those fed control noodles as well as body weight managing activity\u0000Okara can be considered as an effective functional component for the anti-diabetic effect on STZ-NA induced DM rats\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"62 174","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermentation Kinetic and Alpha-Amylase Inhibition Studies of Mao Wine Fermented by Three Commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeasts","authors":"Thitiya Sripakdee, Kittika Manochai, Phummisak Singkhan, Jinda Jandaruang, Khatcharin Siriwong, Nattawee Poomsuk","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7462","url":null,"abstract":"Mao wine is produced from mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum) and is a local beverage promoting Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand. Understanding the fermentation process is necessary in order to enhance the quality of mao wine products. This study aims to examine the kinetics of mao wine fermentation using 3 commercial types of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, namely Lalvin 71B, Lalvin RC212 and Lalvin K1-V1116, with an initial pH of 3.4, a sweetness of 22 % Brix and a yeast concentration of 0.4 g L–1 in controlled conditions at 25 °C for 10 days. The results revealed that the kinetic models, including logistic, Luedeking-Piret and modified Luedeking-Piret equations, are appropriate for analyzing the kinetics of yeast growth, alcohol production and reducing sugar, respectively. Lalvin K1-V1116 yeast yielded the highest capacity for alcohol production (~113 g L–1), sugar-to-alcohol conversion (45 % conversion), and product efficiency (88 %), indicating its suitability for mao wine production. Furthermore, the investigation of the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity revealed that the IC50 values of mao wine samples were 2.88 - 4.78 mg mL–1, which were roughly 410 - 680 times greater than those of acarbose. These findings revealed the low efficacy of mao wine in inhibiting alpha-amylase activity. Nevertheless, a decrease in the level of inhibition may result in a decreased likelihood of side effects or undesirable reactions. This treatment is especially beneficial for people who have medication sensitivities. Additional research is required in order to substantiate its applicability in the management of type 2 diabetes.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Mao wines were produced by 3 commercial cerevisiae yeast strains\u0000Lalvin K1-V1116 yeast exhibits the highest capacity in converting sugar to alcohol\u0000Lalvin K1-V1116 is the most suitable yeast for making mao wine\u0000The chosen kinetic models are appropriate for kinetic studies of fermentation process\u0000The efficacy of Mao wine in inhibiting the activity of alpha-amylase is quite low\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"38 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol of Fruit Discoloring and Fruit Rot Disease in Longan (Dimocarpus longan) by Using Antagonistic Bacillus spp.","authors":"Sakkarin Suksakol, Jirapinya Liamkraituan, Weerachai Teeraarunsiri, Pantipa Na Chiangmai, Supuk Mahadtanapuk","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7455","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit discoloration and fruit rot disease in longan is a serious disease caused by the pathogenic fungi Pestalotiopsis oxyanthi and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. This study investigated the potential of antagonistic bacteria as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fungicides for managing longan diseases caused by these fungal pathogens. Two bacterial isolates, UP-JLS050 and UP-JLS067, demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against the pathogenic fungi P. oxyanthi and L. pseudotheobromae, with high inhibitory activity. The bacterial strains were isolated from leaves and soil in a longan garden, and dual culture methods showed that the isolates UP-JLS050 and UP-JLS067 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on the fungal pathogens, with percentage inhibitions of 72.67 ± 2.31 and 70.37 ± 1.28 %, respectively. Biochemical methods and molecular techniques, including sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene, were then used to identify the isolates. This confirmed their similarity to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with 100 and 99 % identity, respectively. In vitro tests on longan fruit indicated that these antagonistic bacteria, administered at a concentration of 108 CFU/mL, significantly reduced disease incidence by up to 45 % after 9 days of incubation. The incubation of B. subtilis (UP-JLS050) and B. amyloliquefaciens (UP-JLS050) reduced disease incidence by 45 ± 5.77 and 32.5 ± 5.00 %, respectively.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Fruit Discoloration and Rot in Longan: Caused by pathogenic fungi, namely Pestalotiopsis oxyanthi and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae\u0000Antagonistic Bacteria for Disease Control: This study explores the potential of antagonistic bacteria as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fungicides for managing longan diseases caused by these fungal pathogens\u0000Effective Inhibition: Two bacterial isolates, UP-JLS050 and UP-JLS067, demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against oxyanthi and L. pseudotheobromae, with inhibitions exceeding 70 % on PDA medium\u0000Identification of Bacterial Strains: Molecular techniques, including 16S rDNA gene sequencing, confirmed the identity of these isolates as subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens\u0000Reduced Disease Incidence: In vitro tests on longan fruit indicated that these antagonistic bacteria, administered at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml, significantly reduced disease incidence by up to 45 % after 9 days of incubation\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}