Trends in Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, Spectroscopic Evaluations and UV-Vis Titration Studies of New Symmetrical Amide Compounds Derived from N-6-[(4-pyridylmethylamino)carbonyl]-pyridine-2-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester","authors":"Maisara ABDUL KADIR, N.S.H. Haris, Hafiza MOHAMED ZUKI, Syara Kassim, K. Kassim","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7405","url":null,"abstract":"          In this study, 2 flexible and pre-organized tetraamide compounds derived from N-6-[(4-pyridylmethylamino)carbonyl]-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester namely 1,2-bis[N,N’-6-(4-pyridylmethylamido)pyridyl-2-carboxyamido]pentane (L1) and 1,2-bis[N,N’-6-(4-pyridylmethylamido)pyridyl-2-carboxyamido]hexane (L2) have been successfully synthesized when reacted with diamines in 1:2 ratio. These new compounds were built from combination of 3 main components, as a trend requires for anion receptor which are (i) 2,6-pyridine dicarboxamide moieties as targeted anion binding host, (ii) amino methyl pyridine pendants arms as the flexible moieties and (iii) pentyl (-C5H10-) and hexyl (-C6H12-) unit as the spacer. Compounds L1-L2 were fully characterized by using elemental analyzer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), 1H, 2D NOESY and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies. In this study, anion titration methods were used to identify the affinity towards selected anions. The results showed that L1 (having a pentyl spacer) had the highest affinity towards phosphate anions as compared to L2, where the red shift changes were observed in the UV-vis spectrum at the amide region.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Two novel amide compounds with flexible and pre-organized structure are designed for use as potential anion receptors\u0000The flexible moieties at the amide and the linker allow hydrogen bonding interaction of the molecules with variety anions with different geometries\u0000Anion titration studies revealed good affinities towards phosphate anions as suggested in Hofmeister trend\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Identification of dsRNA Mycovirus from Cultivated Mushroom Lentinula edodes","authors":"S. Khankhum, Phoowanarth Maneechoat, Nuchsupha Sunthamala, W. Sutthisa","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7433","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses that infect the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes have been documented to exhibit either disease expression or remain asymptomatic. Nonetheless, our knowledge regarding viruses infecting L. edodes, as well as their diversity, remains relatively limited. This research aimed to isolate double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules from 25 economically significant mushrooms using dsRNA extraction and gel electrophoresis techniques. The results revealed the presence of MSU16 dsRNA segments with a size of approximately 10,000 bp in a Lentinula sp. mushroom sample. This substantial dsRNA suggested the possible identification of the virus within the group of Lentinula edodes mycoviruses. Characterization of the MSU16 dsRNA molecule using a 2-step RT-PCR technique, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic tree analysis based on partial RdRp nucleotide and amino acid sequences indicated a close relationship to other mushroom viruses found in Lentinula sp., with similarity ranging from 39.4 to 64.6 %. Molecular classification of the ITS gene sequence of the dsRNA-detected MSU16 showed a 92 % identity with L. edodes. However, the mushroom MSU16 could not be classified based on the limited LSU gene sequence available in GenBank. This study suggests that the MSU16 dsRNA molecule represents a Lentinula edodes dsRNA mycovirus isolate from Thailand. Our findings contribute valuable information about mycoviral presence in cultivated edible mushrooms.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000An approximately 10,000 bp dsRNA segment was successfully isolated from the Lentinula edodes mushroom isolate MSU16. This dsRNA was characterized through a 2-step RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, focusing on partial RdRp nucleotide and amino acid sequences. The analysis indicated a close relationship between the isolated dsRNA and other viruses known to infect L. edodes mushrooms. Furthermore, the ITS gene sequence of MSU16 exhibited a high similarity to the corresponding ITS sequences in L. edodes.\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"125 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melittin, A Potential Natural Toxin with Anticancer Properties: Regulating IL-1β, COX-2 and TNF-α in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells WiDr","authors":"Makkasau Plasay, L. Muslimin","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7424","url":null,"abstract":"Despite decades of study, the antiproliferation and molecular processes of the biomolecular elements of honeybee venom (i.e., melittin) as anticancer agents remain largely unclear. This study illustrated the antiproliferation effect of melittin by regulating IL-1β, COX-2 and TNF-α in human colorectal cancer cells WiDr. In order to assess the antiproliferation, various concentrations of melittin were contacted to the WiDr cell through MTT assay. Moreover, the ability of melittin to regulate the expression of IL-1β, COX-2 and TNF-α was determined by ELISA. The cytotoxic effect showed the inhibition of the WiDr cell in a dose-dependent manner, with the IC10, IC25 and IC50 values of 0.095 ± 0.001, 0.147 ± 0.002 and 0.207 ± 0.004, respectively. Additionally, in further investigations, melittin markedly inhibited the IL-1β and COX-2 expression but induced the TNF-α, demonstrating significant (p < 0.05) elevations compared to the control group. These findings point to the antiproliferative properties of melittin in WiDr cells. Therefore, as a unique natural treatment for colorectal cancer, melittin may have a lot of potential.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000In this study, we confirmed melittin has very strong anticancer activity against colorectal cell cancer cells with IC50 values of 0.207 ± 0.004 µM\u0000Melittin regulates colorectal cell cancer by inhibiting the IL-1β and COX-2 expression\u0000Melittin increases the expression of TNF-α to inhibit colorectal cell cancer\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"650 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steroid Compounds of Manihot Esculenta Crantz Var. Sao Pedro Petro (Tuber) and Their Cytotoxic Effects on Melanoma Cancer Cells (B16-F10)","authors":"Diana Widiastuti, S. Warnasih, A. H. Mulyati, Sutanto Sutanto, Triastinurmiatiningsih Triastinurmiatiningsih, Siska Elisahbet Sinaga, S. Salam, D. Harneti, Ronny Lesmana, U. Supratman, S. Susianti, Dine Agustine, Eka Herlina, Rahmaniar Mulyani","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7591","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmacological research of Manihot esculenta has stated the potential present as an interesting cytotoxic activity caused by several compounds contained in this species. However, the research on Melanoma Malignant cells (B16-F10 cancer cells) has never been studied. In this study, the steroid compounds isolated from the tuber of Sao Pedro Petro (1 variety of species M. esculenta Crantz) were studied in vitro and further evaluated using the western blot technique. Three steroid compounds, namely β-sitosterol (1), Campesterol (2), and Cholesterol (3), were obtained from the n-hexane extract of fresh Cassava tubers (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The chemical structures of compounds 1 - 3 were determined through various spectroscopic techniques such as HR-TOFMS, and NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT 135 °, HMQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY), along with a comparison to previously reported spectral data. Additionally, the apoptotic signaling pathway was investigated using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Among the 3 compounds, Campesterol (2) exhibited the highest IC50 value and demonstrated significant inhibition of B16-F10 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis through caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, our study is the first to show that steroid compounds isolated from M. esculenta have activity against B16-F10 cells. This provides insight that steroids have the potential as chemopreventive agents to treat melanoma skin cancer.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Three steroid compounds, namely β-sitosterol, campesterol, and cholesterol, were isolated from the n-hexane extract of fresh cassava tubers (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and campesterol exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against B16-F10 melanoma cells, with an IC50 value of 160.4 µg/mL\u0000Campesterol induced apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma cells through caspase-3 activation\u0000Treatment with campesterol led to noticeable alterations in cell morphology, including changes in shape, size, and other visible characteristics, further supporting its cytotoxic effects on melanoma cells\u0000The research's novelty lies in its exploration of previously unreported steroid compounds from cassava tubers, particularly campesterol, and their cytotoxic effects on melanoma cells, along with insights into the underlying mechanisms of action\u0000These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on natural compounds with potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT  ","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"176 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Activity and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Sea Grape Caulerpa lentillifera Collected from Different Sites in Thailand","authors":"I. Koodkaew, Santhad Pitakwongsaporn, Nongpanga Jarussophon, Bongkot Wichachucherd","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7520","url":null,"abstract":"Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grapes) stands out for its nutritional profile and associated health advantages. Seaweeds, including sea grapes, exhibit diverse chemical compositions that are influenced by environmental conditions. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition, metabolite content, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition of sea grapes collected at different sites (Phetchaburi and Trang) and at different times during the month of January, April, and July 2022. Both collection times and sites have influenced all assessed parameters. The sea grapes collected from Trang had a significantly higher amount of metabolite, antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than those from Phetchaburi at p < 0.001. The highest amount of phenolic compound (93.76 ± 2.39 mg GAE/g extract) and reducing power (EC50 = 25.86 ± 0.20 mg/mL) occurred in sea grapes in April month, while those collected in January and April had high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging (EC50 < 7.50 mg/mL). The highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (EC50 = 19.27 ± 0.40 mg/mL) was found in the sea grapes collected in January. The LC-QTOF MS/MS result of sea grape extract indicated similar compounds in amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, nucleic acids, carboxylic acids, cyanogenic glucosides, steroids, terpenoids and vitamins. The disparity in phenolic profiles between Phetchaburi (9) and Trang (14) sea grapes was related to higher phenolic compound and flavonoid contents, coupled with antioxidant properties in Trang. These findings supported the possible use of sea grapes from Trang as a reservoir of bioactive compounds.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Chemical profile and content, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition of sea grapes was analyzed\u0000Collection times and sites affected all measured parameters of sea grapes extract\u0000Sea grapes from Trang exhibited higher all measured parameters than Phetchaburi\u0000A novel chemical profiling of sea grapes was displayed via LC-QTOF MS/MS analysis\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"37 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Robust Alginate-based Magnetic Nanosorbents of Pd Catalysts for the 4-Nitrophenol Reduction","authors":"Jakkrit Tummachote, Usana Mahanitipong, B. Rutnakornpituk, M. Rutnakornpituk","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7465","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the synthesis of alginate-coated magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) containing amino-enriched moieties for the immobilization of palladium (Pd), and its use as a recyclable catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP) in water. The alginate grafted onto the surface of MNP contained carboxylate anions that served as coordination sites for Pd. Additionally, the incorporation of amino-enriched components, such as poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) and 2-(dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), onto the alginate-coated MNPs resulted in additional interactions, including the formation of carboxylate-ammonium salts. In this study, the influence of these amino groups on the efficiency of Pd immobilization, catalytic activity and reusability of nanosorbents for 4NP reduction was investigated. The existence of Pd in the nanosorbents was detected by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques. The average size of MNPs was approximately 12.3 ± 2.9 nm, and for Pd, it was about 3.9 ± 0.8 nm. It was found that the incorporation of these amino-enriched moieties into the particles significantly enhanced the catalytic activity of the nanosorbents. Notably, MNP containing extended DMAEMA units exhibited excellent tolerance to 4NP reduction, with an insignificant loss of catalytic performance even after 20 consecutive reuses, maintaining a conversion of over 98 %.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Synthesis of alginate-based magnetite nanoparticle for the immobilization of Pd and its use as a catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in water were presented\u0000The carboxylate groups in alginate provided the coordinating sites for Pd immobilization and improved the particle dispersibility in water\u0000The incorporation of amino-enriched components to the particle reduced the degree of Pd aggregation on the particle surface\u0000The catalysts had high catalytic performance for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in water and exhibited highly robust properties with excellent reusability for up to 20 cycles with insignificant changes in their performance\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Carica Papaya Stem Activated Carbon in Removal of Undesired Compounds from Metakaolin","authors":"E. A. Adetoro, Rasheed Abdulwahab, O. D. Adetoro, F. Ayodele, T. Ajijola, B. Alo","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7457","url":null,"abstract":"Metakaolin (MK) is a pozzolan exhibiting additional cementitious tendency and is made by dehydroxylating Kaolin Clay (KC). In this study,potential of Carica papaya Stem Activated Carbon (CPSAC) in removal of undesired compounds or impurities from MK was examined.Carica papaya Stem (CPS) was processed into powder and chemically activated using hydrochloric (HCl) acid, while MK was produced from KC through calcination process.Five conical flasks contained 5 to 25 % CPSAC at 5 % weight intervals. Two hundredg of MK or KC was added and well mixed to achieve homogeneity.The KC+CPSAC samples were subjected to calcination inside a muffle furnace at 700 °C and removed after 1 to 2 h then allowed to cool; while the MK+CPSAC samples were soaked in water (125 mL for each sample) for 24 h, thereafter oven-dried at 105 °C. Subsequently, the samples obtained were subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis to investigate their surface morphology, while X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques were employed to ascertain their chemical and mineralogical compositions, respectively.The data obtained from chemical composition analyses were thereafter subjected to optimization studies.The SEM plates showed thatthe sizes of all thesamples were within ranges of 2 and 50 nm, and their intensity pinnacles from XRD plots ranged between 200 and 4000 cps. CPSAC (21.42%) eliminated the unwanted compounds in the MK andincreasethe amount of its major oxides (Al2O3, CaO, SiO2 and Fe2O3by 43.76,16.89, 12.76, 6.51 %, respectively). In conclusion, CPSAC showed potential as a viable industrial treatment material for MK.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Remediation of unwanted compounds from MK\u0000CPSAC’s efficacies in soil (MK) remediation\u0000Treatment effects of calcination process and agricultural adsorbent on MK\u0000Optimization studies of MK compounds\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"385 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Developed Shear Wave Source for Shallow Seismic Survey","authors":"S. Yordkayhun, K. Wattanasen, Jamras Na Suwan","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7472","url":null,"abstract":"Shear wave velocity is a fundamental parameter in determining geological structures and soil characteristics for geotechnical and earthquake engineering studies. In shallow seismic data acquisition, shear wave is generated by various seismic sources. Although the data quality is affected by the choices of the seismic source, applying highly efficient sources is sometimes limited for some users and by the budget available for a project. Therefore, this work aims to design and develop an effective shear wave seismic source as an alternative for shallow seismic surveys. The developed source consists of 4 main parts, including base plate, activated mass, lifting and shooting system, body and transportation system. It is simply operated by lifting an activated mass with a sling and puller to the armed position. Under this condition, an attached spring is under compression and the maximum potential energy is stored. When the mass is released and horizontally hit the base plate, shear wave is generated by the momentum and energy transferred from the base plate into the ground. To evaluate the source capability, a comparison of the conventional and the developed source was performed at a test site. The recorded data were compared both in qualitative and quantitative manners based on the signal-to-noise ratio, energy and frequency content, signal penetration, and repeatability. It was found that signal energy generated by one blow of the developed source is equivalent to approximately three-fold of the conventional source. There is a remarkably higher repeatability from the developed source than that from the conventional source. Moreover, it is easy to operate, portable, and minimizes required man power. Overall, the new shear source is suitable and has potential application for shallow seismic surveys.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000The new shear wave seismic source has been developed and tested as an alternative source for shallow seismic surveys\u0000The key advantages of the developed source are that it is simple to operate, reduces required manpower, fairly cost-effective, transportable, safe, and has a minimal environmental impact\u0000There is a noticeably higher input signal energy transfer offered by the source leading to the deeper target depth of investigation\u0000The better repeatable waveform led to greater accuracy of the 1st break picking in the data processing\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140456343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bias Correction of IMERG Data in the Mountainous Areas of Sumatra Based on A Single Gauge Observation","authors":"Ravidho Ramadhan, M. Marzuki, Wiwit Suryanto, Sholihun Sholihun, H. Yusnaini, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, T. Shimomai","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7592","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of surface precipitation data from satellite precipitation products (SPPs) in mountainous areas has greater error and bias than in plain areas. In this study, linear scaling (LS), local intensity (LOCI), power transformation (PT), and cumulative distribution function (CDF) methods are used to correct the bias of Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) data in the mountainous region of Sumatra based on long-term and high-resolution optical rain gauge (ORG) observations. The ORG is installed at Equatorial Atmospheric Observatory (EAO) in Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia (100.32 °E, 0.20 °S, 865 m above sea level (ASL) with an observation period from 2002 to 2016. The impact of the bias correction method is tested based on accuracy and capability detection tests. The bias correction method is more effective at the daily resolution than the hourly resolution of the IMERG data in the mountainous region of Sumatra. The LS method exhibited the best improvement in accuracy with reduced root-mean-square error (RMSE) and relative bias (RB), although there was no significant increase in coefficient correlation (CC) values. However, the accuracy improvement was not observed in the bias correction for hourly data. The lack of improvement in the accuracy of the hourly IMERG data is due to the high local variability of rainfall in the mountainous area of Sumatra. The high data variability causes large differences in the mean and variance of the IMERG calibration and evaluation data periods. On the other hand, the LOCI, PT, and CDF methods were successfully improved the rain detection capability of IMERG, as indicated by the better critical succession index (CSI) values compared to the original hourly and daily IMERG data. It increased the CSI value by reducing false alarms for rain with intensity below 2 mm/h. Furthermore, the CDF method can improve the analysis of extreme rainfall in the mountainous region of Sumatra by improving the estimation of the extreme rainfall index. Therefore, these methods can be applied to improve the accuracy and detectability of IMERG data in the mountainous region of Sumatra. However, the scale factor and transfer function constructed in this study need to be further evaluated on other rain gauge observation data in Sumatra’s mountainous region to improve performance.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000The LS method shows the best improvement in the accuracy of IMERG data in the mountainous area of Sumatera compared to the LOCI, PT, and CDF methods, as indicated by the largest decrease in RMSE and RB values\u0000CSI values prove that LOCI, PT, and CDF methods successfully improve the detection capability of IMERG hourly and daily data in the mountainous region of Sumatra\u0000The CDF method shows the best quality in improving extreme rainfall observations in the mountainous region of Sumatra\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"120 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140456327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Myosatellite Stem Cells from Black Bone Chicken and Effect of Different Animal Serums on Growth Performance","authors":"Rungravee Chaiyod, M. Lertworapreecha","doi":"10.48048/tis.2024.7420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7420","url":null,"abstract":"          Isolation of muscle stem cells (myosatellite stem cells) of black bone chickens using enzymatic digestion, the pronase, and screening by low-speed centrifugation process combined with 40 μm cell strainer filtration showed that this method was able to separate chicken muscle stem cells efficiently. The results proved that the isolated cells were myosatellite stem cells expressing marker genes, c-met, Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin, by RT-PCR assay. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies confirmed the isolated cells were MSCs, with positive staining for canonical markers proteins: Pax7, Desmin, and actin. Evaluating the influence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), horse serum (HS), and chicken serum (CKS) supplements on MSC proliferation revealed that FBS emerged as the most effective despite its escalating cost and emerging need for alternatives. Notably, Chicken Serum (CKS) demonstrated potential as an alternative, closely following the cell proliferation rate achieved by FBS. Our findings affirm the efficacy of the devised isolation method and highlight the potential of using chicken serum in cell culture protocols.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000          This research established a technique for isolating myosatellite stem cells from black bone chickens through enzymatic processes combined with gradient methods. Centrifugation aids in obtaining a purer isolation of these stem cells and allows for the evaluation of various animal serums’ effects. In cell cultures, the performance of chicken serum showed no significant difference compared to bovine serum.\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u0000","PeriodicalId":513497,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Sciences","volume":"42 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}