Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy最新文献_第6页

Optimal Offering of Energy Storage in UK Day-Ahead Energy and Frequency Response Markets 在英国日前能源和频率响应市场中优化储能服务

IF 6.3 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000737

Makedon Karasavvidis;Andreas Stratis;Dimitrios Papadaskalopoulos;Goran Strbac

{"title":"Optimal Offering of Energy Storage in UK Day-Ahead Energy and Frequency Response Markets","authors":"Makedon Karasavvidis;Andreas Stratis;Dimitrios Papadaskalopoulos;Goran Strbac","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2023.000737","url":null,"abstract":"The offering strategy of energy storage in energy and frequency response (FR) markets needs to account for country-specific market regulations around FR products as well as FR utilization factors, which are highly uncertain. To this end, a novel optimal offering model is proposed for stand-alone price-taking storage participants, which accounts for recent FR market design developments in the UK, namely the trade of FR products in time blocks, and the mutual exclusivity among the multiple FR products. The model consists of a day-ahead stage, devising optimal offers under uncertainty, and a real-time stage, representing the storage operation after uncertainty is materialized. Furthermore, a concrete methodological framework is developed for comparing different approaches around the anticipation of uncertain FR utilization factors (determinis- one based on expected values, deterministic one based on worst-case values, stochastic one, and robust one), by providing four alternative formulations for the real-time stage of the proposed offering model, and carrying out an out-of-sample validation of the four model instances. Finally, case studies employing real data from UK energy and FR markets compare these four instances against achieved profits, FR delivery violations, and computational scalability.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"12 2","pages":"415-426"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10478754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140291169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal Design of Hybrid Microgrid in Isolated Communities of Ecuador 厄瓜多尔偏远社区混合微电网的优化设计

IF 6.3 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000733

Luis A. Pesantes;Ruben Hidalgo-León;Johnny Rengifo;Miguel Torres;Jorge Aragundi;José Cordova-Garcia;Luis F. Ugarte

{"title":"Optimal Design of Hybrid Microgrid in Isolated Communities of Ecuador","authors":"Luis A. Pesantes;Ruben Hidalgo-León;Johnny Rengifo;Miguel Torres;Jorge Aragundi;José Cordova-Garcia;Luis F. Ugarte","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2023.000733","url":null,"abstract":"In rural territories, the communities use energy sources based on fossil fuels to supply themselves with electricity, which may address two main problems: greenhouse gas emissions and high fuel prices. Hence, there is an opportunity to include renewable resources in the energy mix. This paper develops an optimization model to determine the optimal sizing, the total annual investment cost in renewable generation, and other operating costs of the components of a hybrid microgrid. By running a k-means clustering algorithm on a meteorological dataset of the community under study, the hourly representative values become input parameters in the proposed optimization model. The method for the optimal design of hybrid microgrid is analyzed in six operating scenarios considering: (1) 24-hour continuous power supply; (2) load shedding percentage; (3) disel power generator (genset) curtailment; (4) the worst meteorological conditions; (5) the use of renewable energy sources including battery energy storage systems (BESSs); and (6) the use of genset. A mathematical programming language (AMPL) tool is used to find solutions of the proposed optimization model. Results show that the total costs of microgrid in the scenarios that cover 100% of the load demand (without considering the scenario with 100% renewables) increase by over 16% compared with the scenario with genset operation limitation. For the designs with power supply restrictions, the total cost of microgrid in the scenario with load shedding is reduced by over 27% compared with that without load shedding.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"12 2","pages":"488-499"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10478755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140291170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved Energy Management Strategy for Prosumer Buildings with Renewable Energy Sources and Battery Energy Storage Systems 利用可再生能源和电池储能系统改进消费型建筑的能源管理战略

IF 6.3 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000761

Pavitra Sharma;Krishna Kumar Saini;Hitesh Datt Mathur;Puneet Mishra

{"title":"Improved Energy Management Strategy for Prosumer Buildings with Renewable Energy Sources and Battery Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Pavitra Sharma;Krishna Kumar Saini;Hitesh Datt Mathur;Puneet Mishra","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2023.000761","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of utilizing microgrids (MGs) to convert buildings into prosumers is gaining massive popularity because of its economic and environmental benefits. These pro-sumer buildings consist of renewable energy sources and usually install battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to deal with the uncertain nature of renewable energy sources. However, because of the high capital investment of BESS and the limitation of available energy, there is a need for an effective energy management strategy for prosumer buildings that maximizes the profit of building owner and increases the operating life span of BESS. In this regard, this paper proposes an improved energy management strategy (IEMS) for the prosumer building to minimize the operating cost of MG and degradation factor of BESS. Moreover, to estimate the practical operating life span of BESS, this paper utilizes a non-linear battery degradation model. In addition, a flexible load shifting (FLS) scheme is also developed and integrated into the proposed strategy to further improve its performance. The proposed strategy is tested for the real-time annual data of a grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) and BESS-powered AC-DC hybrid MG installed at a commercial building. Moreover, the scenario reduction technique is used to handle the uncertainty associated with generation and load demand. To validate the performance of the proposed \u0000<sup>s</sup>\u0000trategy, the results of IEMS are compared with the well-established energy management strategies. The simulation results verify that the proposed strategy substantially increases the profit of the building owner and operating life span of BESS. Moreover, FLS enhances the performance of IEMS by further improving the financial profit of MG owner and the life span of BESS, thus making the operation of prosumer building more economical and efficient.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"12 2","pages":"381-392"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10478446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140291198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distributed Control of Networked Microgrid with Heterogeneous Energy Storage Units Considering Multiple Types of Time Delays 考虑多种时滞的异构储能网络微电网分布式控制

IF 5.7 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000533

Guoxiu Jing;Bonan Huang;Rui Wang;Chao Yang;Qiuye Sun

{"title":"Distributed Control of Networked Microgrid with Heterogeneous Energy Storage Units Considering Multiple Types of Time Delays","authors":"Guoxiu Jing;Bonan Huang;Rui Wang;Chao Yang;Qiuye Sun","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2023.000533","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the distributed control problem in a networked microgrid (NMG) with heterogeneous energy storage units (HESUs) in the environment considering multiple types of time delays, which include the state, input, and communication delays. To address this problem, a state feedback control (SFC) strategy based on nested predictor is proposed to mitigate the influence of multiple types of time delays. First, a distributed control method founded upon voltage observer is developed, which can realize proportional power distribution according to the state of charge (SOC) of the HESUs, while adjusting the average voltage of the point of common coupling (PCC) bus in the NMG to its rated value. Then, considering that there exists steady-state error resulting from the initial value of the observer and impact of time delays, an SFC strategy is proposed to further improve the robustness of the NMG against time delays. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed distributed control method is capable of fully compensating for the state, input, and communication delay. Moreover, the NMG exhibits remarkable resistance to multiple types of time delays, which has higher reliability and robustness.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"12 6","pages":"1930-1941"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10538198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reliable Phase Selection Method for Transmission Systems Based on Relative Angles Between Sequence Voltages 基于序列电压之间相对角度的输电系统可靠选相方法

IF 5.7 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000616

Abdallah A. Aboelnaga;Maher A. Azzouz

{"title":"Reliable Phase Selection Method for Transmission Systems Based on Relative Angles Between Sequence Voltages","authors":"Abdallah A. Aboelnaga;Maher A. Azzouz","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2023.000616","url":null,"abstract":"Fault currents emanating from inverter-based resources (IBRs) are controlled to follow specific references to support the power grid during faults. However, these fault currents differ from the typical fault currents fed by synchronous generators, resulting in an improper operation of conventional phase selection methods (PSMs). In this paper, the relative angles between sequence voltages measured at the relay location are determined analytically in two stages: ① a short-circuit analysis is performed at the fault location to determine the relative angles between sequence voltages; and ② an analysis of the impact of transmission line on the phase difference between the sequence voltages of relay and fault is conducted for different IBR controllers. Consequently, new PSM zones based on relative angles between sequence voltages are devised to facilitate accurate PSM regardless of the fault currents, resistances, or locations of IBR. Comprehensive time-domain simulations confirm the accuracy of the proposed PSM with different fault locations, resistances, types, and currents.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"12 5","pages":"1431-1444"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10538197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-Level Coupling-Based Frequency Control Strategy with Adaptive Distributed Frequency Consensus and Dynamic Compensation 基于自适应分布频率一致性和动态补偿的两级耦合频率控制策略

IF 5.7 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000506

Congyue Zhang;Xiaobo Dou;Jianfeng Zhao;Qinran Hu;Xiangjun Quan

引用次数: 0

Characteristic Analysis of Power Oscillations Caused by Disharmony Among Voltage-Source-Controlled Units in Three-Terminal Local Power Grid 三端本地电网中电压源控制单元间不协调引起的功率振荡特性分析

IF 5.7 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000519

Qiyi Yu;Yi Tang

{"title":"Characteristic Analysis of Power Oscillations Caused by Disharmony Among Voltage-Source-Controlled Units in Three-Terminal Local Power Grid","authors":"Qiyi Yu;Yi Tang","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000519","DOIUrl":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000519","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have demonstrated that disharmony among voltage-source-controlled units (VSCUs) may occur on an alternating current (AC) transmission or distribution line under steady-state operating conditions (SSOCs) or quasi-static operating conditions (QSSOCs). As the studies on frequency disharmony have been expanded to multiple disharmonized VSCUs in the local power grid, its adverse effects on AC lines and equivalent load (EL) at the bus without active voltage control ability (non-active bus) need to be investigated further. Considering the locality of disharmony and common topological connections among VSCUs, this paper adopts a Y-type three-terminal local power grid (LPG) as the research object. The disharmony among the three VSCUs is discussed. Firstly, for the load at non-active bus, the formulas for single-phase instantaneous voltage, load current, load power, as well as average power under disharmony operating conditions (DOCs) are derived. The characteristic indicators of the above electrical quantities are defined, which can measure the amplification and reduction degrees of the above electrical quantities before and after disharmony. Secondly, for the line directly connected to VSCUs, the formulas for single-phase instantaneous line current and power and the average power under DOCs are derived. The characteristic indicators of power flow are defined, which can be used to quantify the peak amplification impact of oscillation before and after disharmony. Finally, the case study on the Y-type three-terminal LPG under the single-disharmony and the multi-disharmony switching scenarios indicates that the long-period power oscillation caused by disharmony may occur in the load flow at the non-active bus and the line flow. The oscillation causes a serious decrease in load capability and a significant amplification of the peak of line power oscillation.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"12 4","pages":"1295-1308"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10478314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Convex Hull Based Economic Operating Region for Power Grids Considering Uncertainties of Renewable Energy Sources 考虑到可再生能源不确定性的基于凸壳的电网经济运行区域

IF 5.7 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000549

Huating Xu;Bin Feng;Gang Huang;Mingyang Sun;Houbo Xiong;Chuangxin Guo

{"title":"Convex Hull Based Economic Operating Region for Power Grids Considering Uncertainties of Renewable Energy Sources","authors":"Huating Xu;Bin Feng;Gang Huang;Mingyang Sun;Houbo Xiong;Chuangxin Guo","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2023.000549","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) presents significant challenges for the safe and economical operation of power grids. Addressing the critical need to assess the effect of RES uncertainties on optimal scheduling schemes (OSSs), this paper introduces a convex hull based economic operating region (CH-EOR) for power grids. The CH-EOR is mathematically defined to delineate the impact of RES uncertainties on power grid operations. We propose a novel approach for generating the CH-EOR, enhanced by a \u0000<tex>$mathbf{big}-boldsymbol{M}$</tex>\u0000 preprocessing method to improve the computational efficiency. Performed on four test systems, the proposed \u0000<tex>$mathbf{big}-boldsymbol{M}$</tex>\u0000 preprocessing method demonstrates notable advancements: a reduction in average operating costs by over 10% compared with the box-constrained operating region (BC-OR) derived from robust optimization. Furthermore, the CH-EOR occupies less than 11.79% of the generators' adjustable region (GAR). Most significantly, after applying the proposed \u0000<tex>$mathbf{big}-boldsymbol{M}$</tex>\u0000 preprocessing method, the computational efficiency is improved over 17 times compared with the traditional \u0000<tex>$mathbf{big}-boldsymbol{M}$</tex>\u0000 method.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"12 5","pages":"1419-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10477368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Graph Neural Network Based Column Generation for Energy Management in Networked Microgrid 基于图神经网络的列生成，用于联网微电网的能源管理

IF 5.7 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000385

Yuchong Huo;Zaiyu Chen;Qun Li;Qiang Li;Minghui Yin

{"title":"Graph Neural Network Based Column Generation for Energy Management in Networked Microgrid","authors":"Yuchong Huo;Zaiyu Chen;Qun Li;Qiang Li;Minghui Yin","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2023.000385","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we apply a model predictive control based scheme to the energy management of networked microgrid, which is reformulated based on column generation. Although column generation is effective in alleviating the computational intractability of large-scale optimization problems, it still suffers from slow convergence issues, which hinders the direct real-time online implementation. To this end, we propose a graph neural network based framework to accelerate the convergence of the column generation model. The acceleration is achieved by selecting promising columns according to certain stabilization method of the dual variables that can be customized according to the characteristics of the microgrid. Moreover, a rigorous energy management method based on the graph neural network accelerated column generation model is developed, which is able to guarantee the optimality and feasibility of the dispatch results. The computational efficiency of the method is also very high, which is promising for real-time implementation. We conduct case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed energy management method.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"12 5","pages":"1506-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10477373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parallel Computing Based Solution for Reliability-constrained Distribution Network Planning 基于并行计算的可靠性受限配电网络规划解决方案

IF 5.7 1区工程技术

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000760

Yaqi Sun;Wenchuan Wu;Yi Lin;Hai Huang;Hao Chen

{"title":"Parallel Computing Based Solution for Reliability-constrained Distribution Network Planning","authors":"Yaqi Sun;Wenchuan Wu;Yi Lin;Hai Huang;Hao Chen","doi":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000760","DOIUrl":"10.35833/MPCE.2023.000760","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of distribution network (DN) expansion planning is essentially to achieve minimal investment constrained by specified reliability requirements. The reliability-constrained distribution network planning (RcDNP) problem can be cast as an instance of mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) which involves ultra-heavy computation burden especially for large-scale DNs. In this paper, we propose a parallel computing based solution method for the RcDNP problem. The RcDNP is decomposed into a backbone grid and several lateral grid problems with coordination. Then, a parallelizable augmented Lagrangian algorithm with acceleration method is developed to solve the coordination planning problems. The lateral grid problems are solved in parallel through coordinating with the backbone grid planning problem. Gauss-Seidel iteration is adopted on the subset of the convex hull of the feasible region constructed by decomposition. Under mild conditions, the optimality and convergence of the proposed method are proven. Numerical tests show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the solution time and make the RcDNP applicable for real-world problems.","PeriodicalId":51326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy","volume":"12 4","pages":"1147-1158"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10477364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0