Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice最新文献

{"title":"Thunderstorm asthma: current perspectives and emerging trends.","authors":"Francis Thien, Janet M Davies, Jo A Douglass, Mark Hew","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolated episodes and epidemic outbreaks of thunderstorm asthma have now been documented for over 40 years, with global geographical reach across Europe, North America, Middle East, Asia, Oceania and Africa. This phenomenon encompasses specific environmental and meteorological factors, interacting with aeroallergen propagation and exposure in susceptible allergen-sensitized individuals and populations. There is a likely contribution from climate change with prolonged allergenic pollen seasons combined with increased pollen allergenicity, as well as heightened likelihood of extreme weather events. Differential population susceptibility to thunderstorm asthma presentations, hospitalizations and deaths with increased vulnerability of certain ethnic groups suggest a gene-environment interaction. This Clinical Commentary reviews the characteristics and updates the epidemiology of thunderstorm asthma; examines the role of aerobiology and climate change; discusses risk factors for emergency presentations, hospital admissions and deaths; considers latest research and predictors of thunderstorm asthma, and proposes strategies to manage and mitigate risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal Aspirin Challenge for Diagnosis of Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: Symptom Score Criteria and Optimal Dosage.","authors":"Hao Xiao, Feng Xu, Qiaoru Jia, Li Zhang, Chuqi Shi, Jintao Du, Hui Yang, Juan Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.03.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2025.03.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a chronic eosinophilic inflammatory disorder characterized by asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and intolerance to cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. Intranasal aspirin challenge (IAC) is increasingly used for AERD diagnosis due to its practicality and safety. However, the lack of standardized symptom score criteria and optimal dosage complicates its diagnostic utility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish symptom score criteria and determine the optimal cumulative dosage for IAC in diagnosing AERD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 116 patients with CRSwNP were enrolled, including 58 with AERD and 58 without AERD. Group A (n=70, 35 AERD, 35 non-AERD) was used to establish the symptom score criteria, which were validated in Group B (n=46, 23 AERD, 23 non-AERD). Symptom severity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), and diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The safety and optimal dosage of IAC were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal cutoff value for the increase in total VAS (T-VAS) was 7.5 points, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 97.1%. A maximal cumulative dosage of 70 mg achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy (91.3%) and sensitivity (87.0%). Nasal congestion and rhinorrhea were the most pronounced symptoms during IAC in AERD patients. IAC was generally well-tolerated, with 4.3% of participants experiencing acute worsening of asthma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies a T-VAS increase of 7.5 points and a maximal cumulative dosage of 70 mg as optimal for diagnosing AERD via IAC, providing a reliable, safe, and practical diagnostic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert-based, institutional approaches for reducing the diagnostic odyssey of patients with IEIs.","authors":"Nicholas L Rider, Lisa Bastarache, John T Anderson, Edward M Behrens, Natalia Chaimowitz, Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan, Brian Hartline, Anne Liu, Rebecca A Marsh, James A Connelly","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.03.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2025.03.040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a heterogenous group of genetic disorders with long diagnostic delay that negatively impacts patient outcomes. To combat delay, 8 multidisciplinary experts from different disciplines convened to generate 11 consensus-based statements that address approaches that could reduce the diagnostic journey of patients with IEIs. Nine of these statements relate to the development and implementation of automated decision support tools to improve rapidity of diagnosis by augmenting clinical decision making for practitioners with or without IEI experience. Strengths and limitations of such tools as well as considerations for development and implementation are discussed. Two consensus statements were generated to support the development of successful multidisciplinary care teams to facilitate optimal evaluation of patients identified to be at risk of IEI. We discuss essential components for developing a multidisciplinary care team, including clinical interest, institutional and financial support, and crucial team members. Both of these approaches may increase diagnostic accuracy for patients with IEIs and lead to improvements in care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head-to-head effectiveness comparison of biological therapies in patients with mixed eosinophilic and allergic severe asthma.","authors":"Jorge Sánchez, Leidy Alvarez, Ana-Lorena Caraballo, Luis-Carlos Santamaria, Ana-Milena Acevedo, Ana Calle, Margarita Olivares","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.03.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2025.03.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies comparing biological therapies for severe asthma usually have a selection bias considering that some of these therapies are indicated for allergic asthma and others for eosinophilic asthma. Severe mixed asthma (SMA) was considered in patients with both allergic and eosinophilic (mixed) severe asthma. In SMA, dupilumab, omalizumab, mepolizumab, and benralizumab, can be used. Currently there are no head-to-head studies comparing the clinical response of biological therapies in this group of patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effectiveness of four biological therapies in SMA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective study with one year of follow-up. Severe asthma patients with markers for allergic asthma (total IgE >100IU/L and sIgE to aeroallergens) and eosinophilic asthma (Eosinophils >150 cells/ml) were recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated at baseline to assess significant differences between groups. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving > 20 points in the Asthma Control Test (ACT), and as secondary outcomes we evaluated the number of severe exacerbations of asthma per year and change in FEV1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 patients participated in the study (dupilumab n=43, omalizumab=32, mepolizumab=32, benralizumab=26). At baseline, the groups did not have significant differences in sociodemographic or clinical characteristics. After one year with biological therapies, the four groups presented a significant improvement in clinical outcomes with few between groups differences. There was no difference for the main outcome (ACT) in the four groups. Dupilumab and mepolizumab demonstrated a higher interval improvement in FEV1 than omalizumab. Dupilumab users had the highest proportion of patients who achieved a 200 ml improvement in FEV1 over omalizumab and benralizumab. The greatest adherence was observed among benralizumab users.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In SMA the four biological therapies offer similar symptom control according to ACT but there are some differences according to FEV1 and adherence. Therefore, the selection of these therapies in SMA must be based on particular aspects of each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Allergy, Nutrition, Psychology, and Health","authors":"Elena Gupta BS ,&nbsp;Alexandra E. Conway BA ,&nbsp;Marylee Verdi APRN, MSN ,&nbsp;Marion Groetch MS, RD ,&nbsp;Aikaterini Anagnostou MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Elissa M. Abrams MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Don Bukstein MD ,&nbsp;Juliette C. Madan MD, MS ,&nbsp;Matthew Hand DO ,&nbsp;Sarah L. Garnaat PhD ,&nbsp;Marcus S. Shaker MD, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2024.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaip.2024.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores food allergy and the nascent field of nutritional psychiatry. Individuals with food allergy experience lower levels of “food freedom” than their nonallergic counterparts, which can create cognitive, emotional, social, nutritional, and financial burdens. Patterns of food avoidance may influence neuroinflammatory states and the gut microbiome; these changes may be associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Food restriction may promote disruption of the microbiome neuroimmune axis, which has been linked to various allergic diseases. Targeted psychological counseling strategies can provide benefit. Food allergy and restricted diets may impact dietary health benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 773-782.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multiple Facets of Cow’s Milk Allergy","authors":"Rachelle Lo MD ,&nbsp;Marion Groetch MS, RDN ,&nbsp;Joel Brooks DO, MPH ,&nbsp;Erik Anderson DO, PhD ,&nbsp;Pablo Rodríguez del Río MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Aikaterini Anagnostou MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2024.10.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaip.2024.10.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in early childhood. CMA has varied presentations and multiple facets. A detailed clinical history is key for classification. In IgE-mediated CMA, skin prick testing and serum specific IgE testing are useful in the diagnosis, but an oral food challenge may still be necessary if there is doubt or to assess tolerance. Non–IgE-mediated CMA presentations include food protein–induced allergic proctocolitis, food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome, and eosinophilic esophagitis. The diagnosis of food protein–induced allergic proctocolitis and food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome is based on the clinical history. An esophageal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis. Atopy patch testing, IgG testing, or IgG4 testing is not helpful in any CMA evaluation. Children with CMA (except those with food protein–induced allergic proctocolitis) are at risk for poor growth, and a nutritional evaluation should be part of routine care. Extensively hydrolyzed formulas are the recommended first-choice alternative formula for CMA. For IgE-mediated CMA, alternative approaches to traditional strict avoidance include oral immunotherapy and omalizumab (both as monotherapy and as an adjunct to oral immunotherapy). Multiple international guidelines have addressed evaluation and management of CMA, providing key information, support, and guidance for clinicians in daily practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 754-760"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence, Severity, and Reactivity Thresholds in Fish-Allergic Patients Sensitized to Parvalbumin","authors":"Rosialzira Natasha Vera-Berrios MD ,&nbsp;Sonia Vázquez-Cortés MD ,&nbsp;Alejandro Gonzalo-Fernández MSc ,&nbsp;Carsten Bindslev-Jensen MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Michael Clausen MD ,&nbsp;Rosa Ferrara MD ,&nbsp;Maria Gunnbjornsdottir MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Laurian Jongejan PhD ,&nbsp;Anna Lewandowska-Polak MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Adriano Mari MD ,&nbsp;Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Lars K. Poulsen PhD ,&nbsp;Náyade del Prado MSc ,&nbsp;Sara Santos-Magadán MD ,&nbsp;Heidi Schnoor MSc ,&nbsp;George Stavroulakis MD ,&nbsp;Serge A. Versteeg BSc ,&nbsp;Marianne Witten MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ronald van Ree PhD ,&nbsp;Montserrat Fernández-Rivas MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2024.12.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaip.2024.12.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fish allergy affects children and adults worldwide, and there are transient and persistent phenotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to analyze persistence, severity, and reactivity thresholds in challenge-confirmed fish-allergic patients sensitized to parvalbumin.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients 12 to 65 years old reporting immediate reactions to fish, with fish skin prick test ≥5 mm and IgE to cod and carp β-parvalbumins ≥0.70 kU_A/L, were recruited in 6 European centers. Except for the case with recent severe anaphylaxis, patients were eligible for a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge with cod, followed, if negative, by an open food challenge. Severity of reported and elicited reactions was graded with the Food Allergy Severity Score, eliciting dose (ED) was calculated using interval-censoring survival analysis and probabilistic models, and factors associated with a positive challenge and severe reactions were analyzed by logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 42 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria, fish allergy was confirmed in 30 (71.4%) patients. The median fish allergy duration was 23 years. Although 70% of cases reported anaphylaxis with respiratory or cardiovascular involvement, food challenges resulted in oropharyngeal symptoms (34.7%) or mild systemic reactions (73.9%), with only 1 anaphylaxis with bronchospasm (4.3%). Male sex was associated with severe reactions (odds ratio: 5.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-28.53). ED₁₀ for objective symptoms was 0.99 to 2.54 mg of protein. No correlation was found between severity and ED.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adolescents and adults with persistent fish allergy linked to parvalbumin sensitization have experienced severe allergic reactions in real life and have a low threshold of reactivity. Our findings support the need for large-scale studies and new therapeutic options for these fish-allergic patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 793-802.e8"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gibberellin-regulated protein allergy may identify cypress pollen–related fruit allergy with negative test to peach","authors":"Bianca Olivieri MD ,&nbsp;Patrizia Bonadonna MD ,&nbsp;Valentina Gueli MD ,&nbsp;Gianenrico Senna MD ,&nbsp;Giovanna Zanoni MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2024.12.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaip.2024.12.039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 930-933"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Determinants and Quality of Life in Food Allergy Management and Treatment","authors":"Jennifer L.P. Protudjer PhD ,&nbsp;Carla M. Davis MD ,&nbsp;Ruchi S. Gupta MD ,&nbsp;Tamara T. Perry MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food allergies (FA) significantly affect the quality of life (QOL) and health-related QOL of patients and families managing this chronic condition. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are pivotal nonmedical factors that influence health outcomes and exacerbate disparities in FA diagnosis, treatment, and management. The five domains of SDOH (economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context) shape the lived experiences of individuals with FA. Challenges such as food insecurity, limited access to specialty care, and the high cost of allergen-free foods disproportionately burden under-resourced and marginalized populations, leading to gaps in care and adverse outcomes. This report explores the interplay between SDOH and FA management, focusing on the economic, emotional, and social barriers to optimal care. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of understanding domain-specific QOL, emphasizing tailored interventions to address inequities. Future research must prioritize inclusive representation in clinical trials, innovative strategies to overcome economic and systemic barriers, and tools to measure the unique QOL impacts of FA across diverse populations. Addressing these challenges is critical to promoting health equity and improving outcomes for all individuals affected by FA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 745-750"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity Trend of Recurrence in Pediatric Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome","authors":"Mariannita Gelsomino MD ,&nbsp;Simona Barni MD ,&nbsp;Francesco Mastellone MD ,&nbsp;Giulia Bersani MD ,&nbsp;Marta Barbato MD ,&nbsp;Chiara Condemi MD ,&nbsp;Francesca Mori MD ,&nbsp;Marta Vazquez-Ortiz MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Giovanni Cosimo Indirli MD ,&nbsp;Bruno Miceli Sopo BA ,&nbsp;Giovanni Simeone MD ,&nbsp;Stefano Miceli Sopo MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaip.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reintroduction of the offending food in pediatric patients affected by food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is carried out in hospitals with an oral food challenge (OFC), which leads to a long waiting time and increases the societal burden of medical cost and human resources.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the severity trend of acute FPIES adverse reactions over time in the same patient for possible outpatient or home reintroduction of the offending food.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All children (aged &lt;18 years) with a diagnosis of acute FPIES referred to two Italian pediatric allergy clinics were retrospectively enrolled. To determine whether home or outpatient clinic reintroduction of trigger food was possible, a risk of severe reactions of 5% or less was arbitrarily considered acceptable.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of202 patients enrolled, 23 (11.4%) had increasing severity from mild to moderate up to severe episodes. No variables analyzed in these patients (sex, age at onset, and the interval between the first and severe episodes) had a statistically significant influence on the risk of more severe reactions. Of all patients who initially presented with mild or moderate episodes, 15.2% and 13.9% later manifested severe episodes over time, respectively. Of patients with cow's milk FPIES that started with a mild episode, 5.5% later experienced a severe episode.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Performing OFC for acute FPIES is not safe enough at home because the probability of severe adverse reaction is greater than 5%. However, it could be considered to perform OFC in an outpatient clinic in patients with cow's milk FPIES who started with a mild episode and if a rapid transfer plan to emergency department is available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-In Practice","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 842-850"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}