Lancet Respiratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"One lung but many laughs at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.","authors":"Peter Ranscombe","doi":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00271-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00271-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"760"},"PeriodicalIF":38.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saving lives with oxygen and monocytes at Edinburgh Fringe.","authors":"Peter Ranscombe","doi":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00272-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00272-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"759"},"PeriodicalIF":38.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedation targets in the ICU: thinking beyond protocols.","authors":"Bruna Brandao Barreto, Mariana Luz, Dimitri Gusmao-Flores","doi":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00221-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00221-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"e59-e60"},"PeriodicalIF":38.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Louis Bont - leading efforts to find an RSV vaccine.","authors":"Tony Kirby","doi":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00241-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00241-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"762"},"PeriodicalIF":38.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"James Chalmers: A maverick making an impact in bronchiectasis.","authors":"Peter Ranscombe","doi":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00219-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00219-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"761"},"PeriodicalIF":38.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-interleukin-4 receptor therapy for COPD with dupilumab?","authors":"J Christian Virchow","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00266-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00266-2","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhaled colistimethate sodium in patients with bronchiectasis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: results of PROMIS-I and PROMIS-II, two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials assessing safety and efficacy over 12 months.","authors":"Charles S Haworth, Michal Shteinberg, Kevin Winthrop, Alan Barker, Francesco Blasi, Katerina Dimakou, Lucy C Morgan, Anne E O'Donnell, Felix C Ringshausen, Oriol Sibila, Rachel M Thomson, Kevin J Carroll, Federica Pontenani, Paola Castellani, James D Chalmers","doi":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00225-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00225-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with increased exacerbations and mortality in people with bronchiectasis. The PROMIS-I and PROMIS-II trials investigated the efficacy and safety of 12-months of inhaled colistimethate sodium delivered via the I-neb.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of twice per day colistimethate sodium versus placebo were conducted in patients with bronchiectasis with P aeruginosa and a history of at least two exacerbations requiring oral antibiotics or one requiring intravenous antibiotics in the previous year in hospitals in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. Randomisation was conducted through an interactive web response system and stratified by site and long term use of macrolides. Masking was achieved by providing colistimethate sodium and placebo in identical vials. After random assignment, study visits were scheduled for 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (the end of the treatment period); and telephone calls were scheduled for 7 days after random assignment and 2 weeks after the end of treatment. The primary endpoint was the mean annual exacerbation rate. These trials are registered with EudraCT: number 2015-002743-33 (for PROMIS-I) and 2016-004558-13 (for PROMIS-II), and are now completed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>377 patients were randomly assigned in PROMIS-I (177 to colistimethate sodium and 200 to placebo; in the modified intention-to-treat population, 176 were in the colistimethate sodium group and 197 were in the placebo group) between June 6, 2017, and April 8, 2020. The annual exacerbation rate was 0·58 in the colistimethate sodium group versus 0·95 in the placebo group (rate ratio 0·61; 95% CI 0·46-0·82; p=0·0010). 287 patients were randomly assigned in PROMIS-II (152 were assigned to colistimethate sodium and 135 were assigned to placebo, in the modified intention-to-treat population), between Feb 12, 2018, and Oct 22, 2021. PROMIS-II was then prematurely terminated due to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. No significant difference was observed in the annual exacerbation rate between the colistimethate sodium and placebo groups (0·89 vs 0·89; rate ratio 1·00; 95% CI 0·75-1·35; p=0·98). No major safety issues were identified. The overall frequency of adverse events was 142 (81%) patients in the colistimethate sodium group versus 159 (81%) patients in the placebo group in PROMIS-I, and 123 (81%) patients versus 104 (77%) patients in PROMIS-II. There were no deaths related to study treatment.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The data from PROMIS-I suggest a clinically important benefit of colistimethate sodium delivered via the I-neb adaptive aerosol delivery system in patients with bronchiectasis and P aeruginosa infection. These results were not replicated in P","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"787-798"},"PeriodicalIF":38.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confounding undermines inferences of preventive therapy effectiveness among subgroups of tuberculosis contacts","authors":"James Greenan-Barrett, Yohhei Hamada, Katherine L Fielding, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Rishi K Gupta","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00292-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00292-3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of two short standardised regimens for the treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (STREAM stage 2): extended follow-up of an open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial","authors":"Ruth L Goodall, Andrew J Nunn, Sarah K Meredith, Adamu Bayissa, Anuj K Bhatnagar, Chen-Yuan Chiang, Francesca Conradie, Narendran Gopalan, Meera Gurumurthy, Bruce Kirenga, Nana Kiria, Daniel Meressa, Ronelle Moodliar, Nosipho Ngubane, Mohammed Rassool, Karen Sanders, Rajesh Solanki, S Bertel Squire, Mekonnen Teferi, Gabriela Torrea, Eve Worrall","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00186-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00186-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>STREAM stage 2 showed that two bedaquiline-containing regimens (a 9-month all-oral regimen and a 6-month regimen with 8 weeks of aminoglycoside) had superior efficacy to a 9-month injectable-containing regimen for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis up to 76 weeks after randomisation. Our objective in this follow-up analysis was to assess the durability of efficacy and safety, including mortality, at 132 weeks.<h3>Methods</h3>We report the long-term outcomes from STREAM stage 2, a randomised, phase 3 non-inferiority (10% margin) trial in participants (aged ≥15 years) with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis without fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside resistance at 13 clinical sites in seven countries (Ethiopia, Georgia, India, Moldova, Mongolia, South Africa, and Uganda). Participants were randomly assigned 1:2:2:2 (via permuted blocks and stratified by site and HIV status plus CD4 cell count) to the 2011 WHO long regimen (terminated early), a 9-month control regimen, a 9-month oral regimen with bedaquiline (primary comparison), or a 6-month regimen with bedaquiline and 8 weeks of an injectable antituberculous drug. Participants and clinicians were aware of treatment-group assignments, but laboratory staff were masked. The primary outcome, reported previously, was favourable status (negative cultures for <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> without a preceding unfavourable outcome; any death, bacteriological failure or recurrence, and major treatment change were considered unfavourable) at week 76. Here we report efficacy outcomes at week 132, analysed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population. Safety assessments continued to 132 weeks and were in all participants who received at least one dose of the study regimen. All comparisons used concurrently randomised participants. This trial is registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN18148631) and is now completed.<h3>Findings</h3>Between March 28, 2016, and Jan 28, 2020, 588 participants were randomly assigned to the long (n=32), control (n=202), oral (n=211), or 6-month (n=143) treatment regimens; 352 (60%) were male and 236 (40%) were female. Of the 556 participants on the three shorter regimens, 517 were included in the mITT population (187 in control group, 196 in oral group, and 134 in 6-month group) and 465 in the per-protocol analyses. Six additional participants had an unfavourable outcome that occurred between week 76 and the end of efficacy follow-up (one in control group, four in oral group, one in 6-month group). In the mITT population, the proportion of patients with an unfavourable outcome at the end of follow-up was 19·6% (95% CI 14·3 to 24·9) in the oral group and 29·3% (23·3 to 36·5) in the control group (–9·7 percentage points difference [95% CI –18·7 to –1·8]; p<sub>superiority</sub>=0·024). An estimated 9·8% (95% CI 4·6 to 14·9) of participants on the 6-month regimen had an unfavourable outcome, which was significantly lower than for those concurrently on the control regi","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infections in adults: a narrative review.","authors":"Joanne G Wildenbeest, David M Lowe, Joseph F Standing, Christopher C Butler","doi":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00255-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00255-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an RNA virus spread by droplet infection that affects all ages, is increasingly recognised as an important pathogen in adults, especially among older people living with comorbidities. Distinguishing RSV from other acute viral infections on clinical grounds alone, with sufficient precision to be clinically useful, is not possible. The reference standard diagnosis is by PCR: point-of-care tests perform less well with lower viral loads. Testing samples from a single respiratory tract site could result in underdetection. RSV is identified in 6-11% of outpatient respiratory tract infection (RTI) consultations in older adults (≥60 years, or ≥65 years, depending on the study) and accounts for 4-11% of adults (≥18 years) hospitalised with RTI, with 6-15% of those hospitalised admitted to intensive care, and 1-12% of all adults hospitalised with RSV respiratory tract infection dying. Community-based studies estimate the yearly incidence of RSV infection at around 3-7% in adults aged 60 years and older in high-income countries. Although RSV accounts for a similar disease burden as influenza in adults, those hospitalised with severe RSV disease are typically older (most ≥60 years) and have more comorbidities, more respiratory symptoms, and are frequently without fever. Long-term sequelae are common and include deterioration of underlying disease (typically heart failure and COPD). There are few evidence-based RSV-specific treatments currently available, with supportive care being the main modality. Two protein subunit vaccines for protection from severe RSV in adults aged 60 years and older were licensed in 2023, and a third-an mRNA-based vaccine-recently gained market approval in the USA. The phase 3 studies in these three vaccines showed good protection against severe disease. Data on real-world vaccine effectiveness in older adults, including subgroups at high risk for RSV-associated hospitalisation, are needed to establish the best use of these newly approved RSV vaccines. New diagnostics and therapeutics are being developed, which will also need rigorous evaluation within their target populations to ensure they are used only for those in whom there is evidence of improved outcomes. There is an urgent need to reconceptualise this illness from one that is serious in children, but far less important than influenza in older people, to thinking of RSV as also a major risk to health for older people that needs targeted prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"822-836"},"PeriodicalIF":38.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}