Lancet Respiratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"End of USAID leaves enormous funding shortfall for TB","authors":"Talha Burki","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00094-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00094-3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equitable, personalised medicine for tuberculosis: treating patients, not diseases","authors":"Lorenzo Guglielmetti, Samiran Panda, Amanzhan Abubakirov, Naseem Salahuddin, Christophe Perrin, Carole D Mitnick","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00080-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00080-3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of post-tuberculosis morbidity in high-income countries","authors":"Ailva O’Reilly, Dominik Zenner, Pranabashis Haldar, Samara Barnes, Jamilah Meghji, Manish Pareek","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00091-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00091-8","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition of adolescents with asthma to adult care","authors":"Priya Venkatesan","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00083-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00083-9","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-tuberculosis lung disease: towards prevention, diagnosis, and care","authors":"Jamilah Meghji, Sara C Auld, Gregory P Bisson, Celso Khosa, Refiloe Masekela, Neelima Navuluri, Andrea Rachow","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00429-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00429-6","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing body of data describing the high burden of respiratory sequelae seen among tuberculosis survivors, including children, adolescents, and adults. This group of sequelae are known as post-tuberculosis lung disease and include parenchymal damage, airway disease, and pulmonary vascular disease. It is thought that approximately half of pulmonary tuberculosis survivors have ongoing structural pathology, lung function impairment, or respiratory symptoms after the resolution of active disease. Post-tuberculosis lung disease has been associated with adverse patient outcomes, including persistent symptoms and functional impairment, ongoing health seeking, and impacts on income and employment. There is still much to understand about the epidemiology and nature of post-tuberculosis lung disease, but in this Review we focus on strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and care to inform the ongoing work of tuberculosis-affected communities, health-care providers, researchers, and policy makers. We summarise recent data, highlight evidence gaps, and suggest key research priorities for those working in the field.","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of nasal high-flow oxygen during apnoea on hypoxaemia and intubation success in paediatric emergency and ICU settings: a randomised, controlled, open-label trial","authors":"Shane George, Tara Williams, Susan Humphreys, Tiffany Atkins, David Tingay, Ben Gelbart, Trang Pham, Simon Craig, Simon Erickson, Arjun Chavan, Katie Rasmussen, Anusha Ganeshalingham, Felix Oberender, Subodh Ganu, Nitesh Singhal, Kristen Gibbons, Renate Le Marsney, Juerg Burren, Luregn J Schlapbach, Brenda Gannon, Andreas Schibler","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00074-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00074-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>The use of nasal high-flow (NHF) oxygen for apnoeic oxygenation during emergency paediatric intubation is not universally adopted. Although previous studies suggest potential benefits, it remains unclear whether NHF enhances the likelihood of achieving successful first-attempt intubation without oxygen desaturation in children. We aimed to investigate whether the provision of NHF oxygen during paediatric emergency intubation can improve intubation outcomes.<h3>Methods</h3>We conducted a randomised, controlled, open-label trial at ten hospitals in Australia, New Zealand, and Switzerland (four emergency departments, ten paediatric intensive care units, and one non-maternity neonatal intensive care unit were included). Children younger than 16 years undergoing emergency endotracheal intubation were eligible for inclusion. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either NHF apnoeic oxygenation or standard care during intubation. The primary outcomes were the occurrence of hypoxaemic events (defined as oxygen saturation [SpO<sub>2</sub>] ≤90%) and successful intubation on the first attempt without desaturation in the modified intention-to-treat population (all intubations in participants for whom prospective or retrospective consent was given and a primary outcome was recorded). This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000147381) and is now completed.<h3>Findings</h3>Between May 9, 2017, and Oct 22, 2022, 1069 intubations in 969 children were randomly assigned to the NHF group (535 intubations) or standard care group (534 intubations). The primary analysis comprised 950 intubations in 860 children, with 476 intubations in the NHF group and 474 in the standard care group. In the NHF group, hypoxaemic events occurred in 61 (12·8%) of 476 intubations, compared with 77 (16·2%) of 474 in the standard care group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0·74; 97·5% CI 0·46–1·18; p=0·15). Successful intubation was achieved at the first attempt in 300 (63·0%) of 476 intubations in the NHF group and 280 (59·1%) of 474 intubations in the standard care group (aOR 1·13; 97·5% CI 0·79–1·62; p=0·43). In the per-protocol analysis of 905 intubations, NHF reduced the rate of hypoxaemia (48 [10·8%] of 444) compared with standard care (77 [16·7%] of 461; aOR 0·59; 97·5% CI 0·36–0·97; p=0·017). In this analysis, first-attempt successful intubation was achieved in 284 (64·0%) of 444 intubations in the NHF group versus 268 (58·1%) of 461 intubations in the standard care group (aOR 1·22; 97·5% CI 0·87–1·71; p=0·19).<h3>Interpretation</h3>The use of NHF during emergency intubation in children did not result in a reduction in hypoxaemic events or an increase in the frequency of successful intubation on the first attempt. However, in the per-protocol analysis, there were fewer hypoxaemic events but no difference in successful intubation without hypoxaemia on first attempt. Barriers to the application of NHF du","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal high-flow oxygen for apnoeic oxygenation during emergency endotracheal intubation of children","authors":"Emma C Alexander, Padmanabhan Ramnarayan","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00085-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00085-2","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoxygenation for tracheal intubation in adults who are critically ill: time to abandon the facemask?","authors":"Sheila Nainan Myatra, Samir Jaber","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00056-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00056-6","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoxygenation strategies for intubation of patients who are critically ill: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials","authors":"Tyler Pitre, Winnie Liu, Dena Zeraatkar, Jonathan D Casey, Joanna C Dionne, Kevin W Gibbs, Adit A Ginde, Natalie Needham-Nethercott, Todd W Rice, Matthew W Semler, Bram Rochwerg","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00029-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00029-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Preoxygenation is a crucial preparatory step for intubation. Several strategies for preoxygenation exist, including facemask oxygen, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). However, the comparative efficacy of these strategies remains largely uncertain. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of HFNC, NIPPV, and facemask oxygen for preoxygenation of patients who are critically ill requiring tracheal intubation.<h3>Methods</h3>In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomised clinical trials published from database inception until Oct 31, 2024, with no language restrictions. We included randomised controlled trials that compared HFNC versus NIPPV, HFNC versus facemask oxygen, or NIPPV versus facemask oxygen in adult patients (age ≥18 years) who were critically ill requiring intubation in the intensive care or emergency department setting. We had no additional eligibility criteria for our network meta-analysis. We used Covidence software to screen eligible trials. Two reviewers independently screened trials for titles and abstracts, and then subsequently screened full-text reports. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion or a third party adjudicator. Summary-level data were extracted manually using a structured data collection form. Outcomes of interest were hypoxaemia during intubation, successful intubation on the first attempt, serious adverse events, and all-cause mortality. We performed a frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of bias using the modified Cochrane tool (RoB 2.0) and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. The protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework.<h3>Findings</h3>We initially identified 6900 records, of which 48 were assessed via full-text screening, and 15 eligible studies with 3420 patients were included in our systematic review and network meta-analysis. Findings suggested that use of NIPPV for preoxygenation probably reduces the incidence of hypoxaemia during intubation versus HFNC (relative risk 0·73 [95% CI 0·55–0·98]; p=0·032; moderate certainty) and reduces the incidence of hypoxaemia versus facemask oxygen (0·51 [0·39–0·65]; p<0·0001; high certainty). HFNC for preoxygenation reduces the incidence of hypoxaemia during intubation versus facemask oxygen (0·69 [0·54–0·88]; p=0·0064; high certainty). None of the preoxygenation strategies affected the incidence of successful intubation on the first attempt (all low certainty). None of the preoxygenation strategies appeared to affect all-cause mortality (very low-to-moderate certainty). NIPPV probably reduces the risk of serious adverse events versus facemask oxygen (0·30 [0·12–0·77]; p=0·011; moderate certainty) and might reduce the risk of serious adverse events versus HFNC (0·32 [0·11–0·91]; p=0·035; low certainty). HFNC ","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bidirectional complexity of multiple long-term conditions and post-COVID-19 condition","authors":"Kamlesh Khunti, Rachael A Evans, Amitava Banerjee, Christina van der Feltz-Cornelis","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00047-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00047-5","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}