Lancet Respiratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis, 1990–2021, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00003-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00003-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Asthma and atopic dermatitis are common allergic conditions that contribute to substantial health loss, economic burden, and pain across individuals of all ages worldwide. Therefore, as a component of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we present updated estimates of the prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), incidence, and deaths due to asthma and atopic dermatitis and the burden attributable to modifiable risk factors, with forecasted prevalence up to 2050.<h3>Methods</h3>Asthma and atopic dermatitis prevalence, incidence, DALYs, and mortality, with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), were estimated for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. A systematic review identified data from 389 sources for asthma and 316 for atopic dermatitis, which were further pooled using the Bayesian meta-regression tool. We also described the age-standardised DALY rates of asthma attributable to four modifiable risk factors: high BMI, occupational asthmagens, smoking, and nitrogen dioxide pollution. Furthermore, as a secondary analysis, prevalence was forecasted to 2050 using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), air pollution, and smoking as predictors for asthma and atopic dermatitis. To assess trends in the burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis before (2010–19) and during (2019–21) the COVID-19 pandemic, we compared their average annual percentage changes (AAPCs).<h3>Findings</h3>In 2021, there were an estimated 260 million (95% UI 227–298) individuals with asthma and 129 million (124–134) individuals with atopic dermatitis worldwide. Asthma cases declined from 287 million (250–331) in 1990 to 238 million (209–272) in 2005 but increased to 260 million in 2021. Atopic dermatitis cases consistently rose from 107 million (103–112) in 1990 to 129 million (124–134) in 2021. However, age-standardised prevalence rates decreased—by 40·0% (from 5568·3 per 100 000 to 3340·1 per 100 000) for asthma and 8·3% (from 1885·4 per 100 000 to 1728·5 per 100 000) for atopic dermatitis. In 2021, there were substantial variations in the burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis across different SDI groups, with the highest age-standardised DALY rate found in south Asia for asthma (465·0 [357·2–648·9] per 100 000) and the high-income super-region for atopic dermatitis (3552·5 [3407·2–3706·1] per 100 000). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the decline in asthma prevalence had stagnated (AAPC pre-pandemic –1·39% [–2·07 to –0·71] and during the pandemic 0·47% [–1·86 to 2·79]; p=0·020); however, there was no significant difference in atopic dermatitis prevalence in the same period (pre-pandemic –0·28% [–0·33 to –0·22] and during the pandemic –0·35% [–0·78 to 0·08]; p=0·20). Modifiable risk factors were responsible for 29·9% of the global asthma DALY burden; among them, high BMI was the greatest contributor (39·4 [19·6–60·2] per 100 000), followed by occupational asthmagens (20·8 [16·7–26·5] per 100 000) a","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the growing TB disease burden in England","authors":"Kerry A Millington, Rebecca Nightingale, Naomi F Walker, Beate Ringwald, Daire Cantillon, Fatima Karmadwala, Tom Wingfield","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00088-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00088-8","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the future global burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis: identifying strategies for prevention","authors":"Erik Melén, Judith Garcia-Aymerich","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00041-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00041-4","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling a hidden phenotype of early tuberculosis","authors":"Joanna Ehrlich, Clara Suñer, Gavin Churchyard, Frank Cobelens, Mark Hatherill, Simon C Mendelsohn, Kristin N Nelson, Tom Scriba, Grant Theron, Leonardo Martinez, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00092-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00092-x","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End of USAID leaves enormous funding shortfall for TB","authors":"Talha Burki","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00094-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00094-3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equitable, personalised medicine for tuberculosis: treating patients, not diseases","authors":"Lorenzo Guglielmetti, Samiran Panda, Amanzhan Abubakirov, Naseem Salahuddin, Christophe Perrin, Carole D Mitnick","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00080-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00080-3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of post-tuberculosis morbidity in high-income countries","authors":"Ailva O’Reilly, Dominik Zenner, Pranabashis Haldar, Samara Barnes, Jamilah Meghji, Manish Pareek","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00091-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00091-8","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition of adolescents with asthma to adult care","authors":"Priya Venkatesan","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00083-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00083-9","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-tuberculosis lung disease: towards prevention, diagnosis, and care","authors":"Jamilah Meghji, Sara C Auld, Gregory P Bisson, Celso Khosa, Refiloe Masekela, Neelima Navuluri, Andrea Rachow","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00429-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00429-6","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing body of data describing the high burden of respiratory sequelae seen among tuberculosis survivors, including children, adolescents, and adults. This group of sequelae are known as post-tuberculosis lung disease and include parenchymal damage, airway disease, and pulmonary vascular disease. It is thought that approximately half of pulmonary tuberculosis survivors have ongoing structural pathology, lung function impairment, or respiratory symptoms after the resolution of active disease. Post-tuberculosis lung disease has been associated with adverse patient outcomes, including persistent symptoms and functional impairment, ongoing health seeking, and impacts on income and employment. There is still much to understand about the epidemiology and nature of post-tuberculosis lung disease, but in this Review we focus on strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and care to inform the ongoing work of tuberculosis-affected communities, health-care providers, researchers, and policy makers. We summarise recent data, highlight evidence gaps, and suggest key research priorities for those working in the field.","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of nasal high-flow oxygen during apnoea on hypoxaemia and intubation success in paediatric emergency and ICU settings: a randomised, controlled, open-label trial","authors":"Shane George, Tara Williams, Susan Humphreys, Tiffany Atkins, David Tingay, Ben Gelbart, Trang Pham, Simon Craig, Simon Erickson, Arjun Chavan, Katie Rasmussen, Anusha Ganeshalingham, Felix Oberender, Subodh Ganu, Nitesh Singhal, Kristen Gibbons, Renate Le Marsney, Juerg Burren, Luregn J Schlapbach, Brenda Gannon, Andreas Schibler","doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00074-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00074-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>The use of nasal high-flow (NHF) oxygen for apnoeic oxygenation during emergency paediatric intubation is not universally adopted. Although previous studies suggest potential benefits, it remains unclear whether NHF enhances the likelihood of achieving successful first-attempt intubation without oxygen desaturation in children. We aimed to investigate whether the provision of NHF oxygen during paediatric emergency intubation can improve intubation outcomes.<h3>Methods</h3>We conducted a randomised, controlled, open-label trial at ten hospitals in Australia, New Zealand, and Switzerland (four emergency departments, ten paediatric intensive care units, and one non-maternity neonatal intensive care unit were included). Children younger than 16 years undergoing emergency endotracheal intubation were eligible for inclusion. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either NHF apnoeic oxygenation or standard care during intubation. The primary outcomes were the occurrence of hypoxaemic events (defined as oxygen saturation [SpO<sub>2</sub>] ≤90%) and successful intubation on the first attempt without desaturation in the modified intention-to-treat population (all intubations in participants for whom prospective or retrospective consent was given and a primary outcome was recorded). This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000147381) and is now completed.<h3>Findings</h3>Between May 9, 2017, and Oct 22, 2022, 1069 intubations in 969 children were randomly assigned to the NHF group (535 intubations) or standard care group (534 intubations). The primary analysis comprised 950 intubations in 860 children, with 476 intubations in the NHF group and 474 in the standard care group. In the NHF group, hypoxaemic events occurred in 61 (12·8%) of 476 intubations, compared with 77 (16·2%) of 474 in the standard care group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0·74; 97·5% CI 0·46–1·18; p=0·15). Successful intubation was achieved at the first attempt in 300 (63·0%) of 476 intubations in the NHF group and 280 (59·1%) of 474 intubations in the standard care group (aOR 1·13; 97·5% CI 0·79–1·62; p=0·43). In the per-protocol analysis of 905 intubations, NHF reduced the rate of hypoxaemia (48 [10·8%] of 444) compared with standard care (77 [16·7%] of 461; aOR 0·59; 97·5% CI 0·36–0·97; p=0·017). In this analysis, first-attempt successful intubation was achieved in 284 (64·0%) of 444 intubations in the NHF group versus 268 (58·1%) of 461 intubations in the standard care group (aOR 1·22; 97·5% CI 0·87–1·71; p=0·19).<h3>Interpretation</h3>The use of NHF during emergency intubation in children did not result in a reduction in hypoxaemic events or an increase in the frequency of successful intubation on the first attempt. However, in the per-protocol analysis, there were fewer hypoxaemic events but no difference in successful intubation without hypoxaemia on first attempt. Barriers to the application of NHF du","PeriodicalId":51307,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Respiratory Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}