3最新文献

{"title":"De la régulation à l’autorégulation de l’empreinte environnementale du numérique","authors":"Dessanin Ewèdew Thierry Awesso","doi":"10.56078/amplitude-droit.633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56078/amplitude-droit.633","url":null,"abstract":"À chaque crise – sociale, économique, sanitaire ou encore environnementale –, l’État se voit contraint d’apporter une réponse régulatrice. Les pouvoirs publics doivent assouvir une demande sociale de durcissement de la régulation pour prévenir, anéantir ou conjurer les nouveaux risques. Parmi ces risques figure celui d’une croissance déraisonnée du numérique au mépris de l’environnement. Or, il faut se rendre à l’évidence, la régulation étatique ne doit pas et ne peut pas tout faire. D’ailleurs, les acteurs concernés, au premier chef, par un durcissement de la régulation de leur marché sont censés mieux savoir ce qui est bon pour ce dernier. Il arrive donc qu’ils précèdent, complètent et inspirent la régulation publique à travers leur autorégulation. Cependant, l’autorégulation ne garantit pas toujours des résultats probants et est aussi difficilement admise puisqu’elle impliquerait un affaiblissement du contrôle étatique. En effet, si la régulation peut rassurer la société, elle ne garantit pas l’efficience du marché concerné ; et si l’autorégulation peut créer un marché efficient, elle ne rassure pas toujours la société. Dès lors que la régulation aura besoin de s’appuyer sur l’autorégulation et que l’autorégulation doit donner des gages de crédibilité, ces deux mécanismes de régulation sont appelés à composer ensemble dans une corégulation. Cette dernière, qui permet à l’État de déléguer certaines fonctions régulatrices aux acteurs privés, tout en gardant la capacité de contrôle, comblerait les faiblesses de ces différents mécanismes, pris individuellement. C’est peut-être là que se trouve la solution aux problèmes de régulation de l’empreinte environnementale du numérique.","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La corbeille numérique, vers un tri et une régulation des déchets virtuels ?","authors":"Vanelle Dimitri Onchi Ngongang","doi":"10.56078/amplitude-droit.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56078/amplitude-droit.560","url":null,"abstract":"Les déchets virtuels font l’objet de peu d’études juridiques et pourtant, à l’instar des déchets numériques matériels, ils jouent un rôle considérable dans l’empreinte carbone du numérique. Ils sont le grand oublié des législations et des politiques de transition écologique. Cet article met en exergue la disparité dans l’encadrement des déchets et établit une typologie des déchets virtuels. Il est ainsi possible de distinguer les déchets virtuels volontaires, subis, flottants et inertes. Il ressort clairement que le numérique est à l’origine d’une évolution dans la conception des déchets dans la mesure où ces derniers ne sauraient désormais être conçus uniquement comme une res derelicta. Ils englobent ainsi bien plus que la seule chose délaissée ou vouée à l’être. La rationalisation de la production des déchets virtuels passera inéluctablement par une régulation par la donnée. Celle-ci facilitera et organisera le tri, le recyclage, la taxation et le régime de responsabilité des propriétaires et producteurs des déchets virtuels.","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140220748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsolescence logicielle et environnement : une inefficacité juridique assumée ? Étude des législations françaises et européennes","authors":"Esther Noël","doi":"10.56078/amplitude-droit.598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56078/amplitude-droit.598","url":null,"abstract":"L’obsolescence logicielle est aujourd’hui un véritable objet de débat public : autant pour les fabricants qui la pratiquent, que pour les consommateurs qui la subissent, ou pour les environnementalistes qui la dénoncent. Alors que la recherche d’une sobriété numérique est devenue ces dernières années un véritable objectif des politiques publiques modernes, le cadre juridique de cette pratique, aux forts enjeux car responsable de multiples atteintes environnementales, peine à se dégager. Les conséquences environnementales de la pratique d’obsolescence sont nombreuses : consommation énergétique, émission de déchets et toute autre forme de pollution. Si la France, avec quatre lois touchant de près ou de loin au sujet, semble déjà bien outillée en la matière, l’efficacité et l’effectivité de ce cadre interrogent. Pour pallier ces insuffisances, diverses solutions semblent offertes par plusieurs initiatives de politique environnementale européenne. La Commission européenne, notamment, privilégie deux angles de lutte contre l’obsolescence logicielle : l’économie circulaire et l’éco-conception. Par ailleurs, une troisième réflexion doit être considérée, celle de l’ecology by design qui, en imposant des conditions environnementales dès la conception des produits, apparaît indispensable à la régulation de la pratique de l’obsolescence logicielle.","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propos introductifs","authors":"Sandrine Turgis","doi":"10.56078/amplitude-droit.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56078/amplitude-droit.584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propos conclusifs","authors":"Blanche Lormeteau","doi":"10.56078/amplitude-droit.589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56078/amplitude-droit.589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La perspective juridique sur l’anticipation économique et financière des déchets nucléaires à vie longue","authors":"Sandra Russo","doi":"10.56078/amplitude-droit.638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56078/amplitude-droit.638","url":null,"abstract":"En matière d’énergie électrique, les centrales nucléaires continuent d’être présentées comme une alternative aux gaz à effet de serre et le mode de production le plus efficient face au dérèglement climatique. Mais, qu’adviendra-t-il demain de l’imputation aux générations futures de la charge – si ce n’est mentale au moins financière – de nos choix de société vis-à-vis des besoins énergétiques d’aujourd’hui ? Cette seule question semblait rendre légitime le besoin de faire un point sur la situation juridico-financière particulière des substances radioactives. Cet article met en évidence le modèle économique de la filière électronucléaire sous l’angle des charges futures relatives à la gestion des déchets à vie longue, la seule catégorie pour laquelle le droit des déchets nucléaires enjoint d’anticiper le financement. Toutefois, celui prévu pour les charges futures de ce type ne semble pas présenter toutes les garanties. L’analyse tend à montrer que les temporalités en jeu rendent incertaines, d’une part, l’anticipation juridique de tous les coûts de gestion et, d’autre part, la sécurisation de leur financement.","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Selecting Sustainable Alternative Aviation Fuels in Supply Chain Management","authors":"","doi":"10.46632/aae/1/3/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46632/aae/1/3/2","url":null,"abstract":"Aviation gases have been performing a significant role in the social and economic growth of any nation, and demand is anticipated to rise in the upcoming years as a result of the accelerated development of technology. Particularly, growing urbanization has significantly increased fossil fuel use, and excessive reliance on carbon-based fuels has seriously harmed the environment worldwide. As the globe looks for fresh approaches to combat \"climate change and global warming\", \"Renewable fuels and hydrogen\" have emerged as the ecological sectors' saviors. One such industry is aviation. The current aviation sector's objective is economically efficient aviation. To prevent global warming, there is gaining awareness in attaining carbon-neutral aviation. Since it is defined as comparing their respective priority in a limited number of options, the selection of the best sustainable AAF can be thought of as \"a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) problem\". Here “The EDAS method” is used to select the most preferred alternate aviation gasoline. The rank of “Algal-based fuel is third, Petroleum refining is fourth, Soybean-based fuel is second and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis based on natural gas is first”. This study's findings indicate that among the alternative aviation fuels considered, \"Fischer-Tropsch synthesis based on natural gas\" is the best option, whereas \"petroleum-refined Aviation gasoline (avgas)\" is the least popular.","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges, Alternatives, and Paths to Sustainability for Health Information Exchange Efforts Using PROMETHEE Method","authors":"","doi":"10.46632/aae/1/3/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46632/aae/1/3/3","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic health information sharing and regional health information centres The practise of emergency medicine in the United States can have a significant impact. Regional Health Information Institutes are stakeholder networks that share local or regional information in a specific geographic area. Set up electronic data transfer. Safety of medical care and to improve efficiency across the country regional health information institutions are being created; Public health initiatives, biological surveillance and enhancing the reaction of catastrophe management; and identifying for research enormous databases of aggregate data. However, the economy Organizational issues and including geography to facilitate exchange With the Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO) model They identified challenges. Direct, institutional HIE and such as seller-mediated exchange versus alternative modes of exchange RHIOs vary. Due to political and economic reasons HIE is a difficult task. It is of many types Classified by optional activities; they are for alternatives in judgments The differences between Used to allocate. Under conventional criterion priority functions Using PROMETHEE Choice of health information exchange. This paper proposes that in the final option to check the effect of different optional functions Comparable results are presented. Seven economic and environmental criteria, Four health information and Five decision makers health information exchange problem Major Structures. with decision makers using a five-point Likert scale by personal communication Data was collected. Under the usual criterion function PROMETHEE's algorithm is implemented. The pharmaceutical industry and research, medical trials, healthcare fraud detection, neurological research, and electronic health records are alternatives. Evaluation Parameters are Transparent, Autonomy, Open Source, Anonymity and Decentralized. Health Information Exchange using PROMETHEE. Electronic Health Records, is got third rank, Clinical Research is got first rank, Medical Fraud Detection is got forth rank, Neuroscience Research is got fifth rank and Pharmaceutical Industry and Research is got second rank","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength of Processed Aluminium Laminates using the SPSS Method","authors":"","doi":"10.46632/aae/1/3/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46632/aae/1/3/4","url":null,"abstract":"Technological advancements in the lamination industry have led to many different ways to laminate paper. Some processing approaches include adhesive gluing, nice and warm lamination, extraction plastic laminate, and flame lamination. Whether you're using thin, shiny metal foil, wrapping food, or covering a protective head, if you're on the US side of the Atlantic you might call it aluminum foil, and you might call it aluminum foil. Europe side (or near another sea entirely). The tensile strength for pure aluminium is approximately 90 MPa, although it can reach over 690 MPa for some heat-treatable alloys. The yield strength of pure aluminium is 7–11 MPa, whereas the yield strength of aluminium alloys ranges from 200–600 MPa. Aluminum can be drawn and extruded readily because it is 50–70% more ductile than steel. For instance, laminated films are used in point-of-purchase (POP) displays, ID badges, flexible packaging, and ham wrapping. To improve product integrity, adhesive foil laminated is applied to a range of substrates, including polyester, polypropylene, and polyethylene. Aluminum alloy 1235, which has a minimum percentage of 99.35%, is now the most popular foil alloys on the market. It is the perfect alloy for a number of industrial including food service businesses due to its extraordinarily high aluminium content.: In order to increase the adhesion between the aluminium alloy sheet and the glass fibre reinforced polypropylene layer, this work deals with plasma chemical treatment of the aluminium alloy AA6061-T6. A surf test and a correspondence goniometry were used to assess the mechanical characteristics and wettability, while SEM combined XPS and EDS were used to analyse the paper presents the experimental and topology of the aluminium alloy sheet. Additionally, Al/GF/PP laminates' static performance and interlaminar characteristics were assessed independently. The outcomes showed that the laminates with the aluminium alloy sheet changed by nitrogen surface modification for 10 minutes had higher mechanical properties. This is caused by a mechanism that combines chemical and mechanical bonding of the carbonyl groups and mechanical bonding of the aluminium alloy sheet to the layer of glass fibre reinforced polypropylene with a rough surface (CeN and C]N). In contrast to phosphoric anodic oxidation, nitrogen surface treatment of aluminium alloy sheets can result in interlaminar shearing. Laminates made of aluminium, gf, and pp have outstanding static and mechanical properties. Ratio studies are statistical analyses of data from appraisals and property valuations. Nearly all states utilise them to produce quantitative measure of the proportion of current market price about which individually estimated taxable property is appraised as well as to offer assessment performance indicators. Evaluation parameters taken as Fiber orientation (°), Fiber content (%), Density (g/cm3), Thickness(mm) and Tensile strength (MPa). The Cronbach's Alpha Reliab","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial Engineering Using IBM SPSS Statistics","authors":"","doi":"10.46632/jeae/2/3/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46632/jeae/2/3/4","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial Engineering, Most historians agree that the Industrial Revolution is when the profession of industrial engineering had its start. The invention, the spinning jenny, and—possibly most significantly—the steam engine were among the innovations that helped mechanize traditional manual tasks in the textile industry. These innovations also created scale savings that for the first time that made commercial production in centralized facilities appealing. The factories built as a result of these developments are where the idea of something like the production system originated. Also, it has been proposed that Leonardo Vinci may have been the first manufacturing engineer as there is proof that he used science to analyze human labor by observing how quickly a laborer could shovel soil approximately in 1500.Both the producers and the final consumers of a product value industrial engineering. To improve efficiency, industrial engineers enhance designs and procedures. This benefits businesses since it conserves people, raw materials, time, and money. IBM SPSS Statistics Your firm can easily derive useful insights from your data because to its user-friendly interface and extensive feature set. High accuracy and good decision-making are ensured by advanced statistical techniques. The entire analytics lifecycle is covered, from data administration and preparation to reporting and analysis. Perceived quality, Customer expectations, Perceived value, Customer satisfaction, Customer complaints, and Customer loyalty. The Cronbach's Alpha Reliability result. The overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is .581 which indicates 58% reliability. From the literature review, the above 46% Cronbach's Alpha value model can be considered for analysis. the outcome of Cronbach's Alpha Reliability. The model's total Cronbach's Alpha score is .581, which denotes a 58% dependability level. The 46% Cronbach's Alpha value model mentioned above from the literature review may be used for analysis.","PeriodicalId":513014,"journal":{"name":"3","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}