Majid Tavoosi, Bahador Fani, Majid Delshad, Iman Sadeghkhani
{"title":"A Charger Current–Limiting Scheme to Improve Protection Coordination of Electric Vehicle–Integrated Distribution Systems","authors":"Majid Tavoosi, Bahador Fani, Majid Delshad, Iman Sadeghkhani","doi":"10.1155/etep/5546037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/5546037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Although the development of electric vehicle (EV) technology offers opportunities for reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions through the electrification of transportation, the integration of EVs into distribution systems poses a significant challenge to the reliable operation of existing protection systems. As the penetration level of EVs continues to rise, the fault current characteristic of the distribution system changes, resulting in load de-energization, equipment damage, and reduced reliability. This paper develops a protection scheme for preserving coordination between main and backup overcurrent relays considering various penetration levels and locations of integrated EVs. By modifying the EV charger control system, the proposed scheme limits the fault current contribution of adopted EV charge stations into the fault point. The developed scheme does not alter the structure of the available protection system of the distribution network and is compatible with both old and nonprogrammable relays. Furthermore, it does not require communication links. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through several case studies on the Isfahan distribution network. The findings indicate that the operating time of the backup relay in the conventional protection system exceeds the thermal limit at 100% penetration level of EVs installed upstream of this relay as it reaches 1810 ms, while by using the proposed strategy, this time reduces to 776 ms, preserving protection coordination between the main and backup relays.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/5546037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust Planning for Hydrogen-Based Multienergy System Considering P2HH and Seasonal Hydrogen Storage","authors":"Shufan Wang, Dong Yang, Linglu Zhang, Lingzhi Chenmei","doi":"10.1155/2024/1156761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1156761","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Since renewable energy is rapidly growing in the active distribution networks, the integrated energy system coupled with energy storage is a promising way to address the intermittent issues of renewable sources. This paper proposes an optimal planning model for the hydrogen-based integrated energy system (HIES) considering power to heat and hydrogen (P2HH) and seasonal hydrogen storage (SHS) to take full advantage of multienergy complementarity. To tackle the unstable factors introduced by renewable sources and varying loads, we apply robust optimization and stochastic programming theory to improve the robustness of the planning results. Meanwhile, we also consider the N-1 contingency constraints to make the technology selection, capacity allocation, and economic operation more reliable. The complex constraints resulting from producing two independent binary variables are converted into mixed integer linear constraints, which can be solved effectively using the nested column-and-constraint generation algorithm. Numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the P2HH and SHS in reducing the total cost of the HIES planning.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1156761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changbin Hu, Haiyang Huang, Sai Zhang, Linshu Cheng, Shanna Luo, Gaowei Wang
{"title":"Power Quality Management of Inverter Based on Gradient Descent Optimization","authors":"Changbin Hu, Haiyang Huang, Sai Zhang, Linshu Cheng, Shanna Luo, Gaowei Wang","doi":"10.1155/etep/1883894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/1883894","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In isolated microgrids, the dynamic performance of the inverter output voltage is degraded due to the connection of unbalanced and nonlinear load, load switching, and significant perturbation of filter parameters. A compensation control structure based on the residual generator integrated with an optimization algorithm is proposed to improve the power quality of the inverter output voltage in this paper. First, the structure and mathematical model of the inverter are analyzed. The sensitivity results show that the residual generator–based compensating control structure improves the robustness of the inverter compared to the conventional <i>V</i>/<i>f</i> control. Second, a controller structure with lower order is derived with reduced-order theory for easier engineering implementation. Then, the compensation controller parameters are optimized online using the gradient descent optimization algorithm to improve the load disturbance’s dynamic compensation performance and reduce the power quality degradation resulting from parameter perturbation. Finally, the PEK-530 inverter platform developed by GWinstek is utilized for experimental verification. When the inverter is tested with unbalanced loads and nonlinear loads at load switching and with LC filter parameter perturbation, the three-phase unbalance, total harmonic distortion rate, d-axis voltage fluctuation, and total harmonic distortion rate of the inverter output voltage are 3.2%, 5.4%, ±2 V, and 0.5%, respectively, and are further reduced to 0.3%, 2.8%, ±0.2 V, and 0.22%, after the compensation controller is optimized by the gradient descent method. The experimental results show that the proposed improved control strategy can effectively improve the disturbance’s fast compensation performance, robustness to inverter parameter perturbation, and the power quality.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/1883894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regenerative Braking in PV-Mounted Electric Vehicle With Reduced Switch VSI-Driven BLDC Motor and HAP-FUP Controller","authors":"Ron Carter S. B., Thangavel S.","doi":"10.1155/etep/6465530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/6465530","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The electric vehicle’s overall efficiency can be augmented through the implementation of the regenerative braking system (RBS), which serves to extend the drive range. This paper explores a method for further increasing said range by implementing a roof-mounted photovoltaic (PV) system in conjunction with RBS, resulting in an impressive 25.14% increase to the vehicle’s driving distance. The roof-mounted PV and regenerative braking work together to charge the dual battery pack present within the vehicle, following a specific sequence as dictated by its controller. Maximum energy is extracted from the PV module via employment of a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, while propulsion is provided through utilization of a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor driven by reduced switch voltage source inverter (VSI). The BLDC motor itself is controlled utilizing field-oriented control (FoC), with hybrid ANN-PID and Fuzzy-PID (HAP-FUP) controllers employed at the outer loop; furthermore, HAP-FUP controller performance was compared favorably against other top controllers such as model predictive controller (MPC), sliding mode controller (SMC), and conventional PID controller, ultimately demonstrating superior performance when it comes to reducing rise time and settling time of vehicle speed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/6465530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Li, Jianwei Guo, Xue Li, Wenteng Liang, Jiannan Zhang, Bin Yang, Fang Liang, Xiao Yu
{"title":"Coordinated Optimization of Virtual Power Plants Based on Peer-to-Peer Transactions and Nash Bargaining Approach","authors":"Jie Li, Jianwei Guo, Xue Li, Wenteng Liang, Jiannan Zhang, Bin Yang, Fang Liang, Xiao Yu","doi":"10.1155/2024/3687275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3687275","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Distributed power supply has seen a significant rise because of the increasing demand for renewable energy. This rise has also presented various challenges, including independent operation and a lack of coordination among the sources. As a result of these challenges, these distributed power supplies are combined into a virtual power plant (VPP). This paper addresses these issues of interaction and coordination with a proposal for multitype VPP and modeling technology. First, it recommends establishing a peer-to-peer (P2P) transaction framework. Second, Nash bargaining cooperative game theory comes into play, which involves multiple stakeholders in establishing a P2P transaction framework among stakeholders. After that, this proposed model is solved using the alternating direction multipliers method (ADMM). In the end, the verification of this proposed model is achieved by the numerical example that ensures that the VPP alliance operates stably.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3687275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Performance of Cuk and Boost–Based High-Gain Step-Up DC/DC Converter","authors":"Preeti Sharma, Sara Hasanpour, Rajneesh Kumar","doi":"10.1155/2024/3166502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3166502","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This article presents a high-gain step-up DC/DC converter based on the Cuk topology for renewable energy applications. The converter employs an auxiliary circuit to achieve less input current ripple, significantly reducing the input inductor size compared to conventional converters. Therefore, the inductor’s equivalent series resistance (ESR) will be substantially lowered to improve power efficiency. Introducing passive clamp capacitors further enhances efficiency by alleviating voltage stress on the main power switch. Comparative studies with other similar converters highlight the unique benefits of converter design. This converter uses a coupled inductor (CI) and a voltage multiplier circuit to achieve high voltage gains. The following article introduces the principle of operation for a proposed topology and analyzes voltage gain, voltage stress, and efficiency. A comprehensive comparison with the most recent counterparts is also included. Finally, a theoretical analysis is verified using a 200-W (30 V/310 V) sample prototype.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3166502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guofeng Wang, Bei Jiang, Shuai Dong, Jiaqi Liu, Youbing Zhang
{"title":"A Market-Oriented Trading Method for Integrated Community Energy System Based on Hierarchical Stackelberg Game Method","authors":"Guofeng Wang, Bei Jiang, Shuai Dong, Jiaqi Liu, Youbing Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/3713139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3713139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In response to escalating environmental concerns and the shortage of traditional energy resources, it is essential to enhance energy management within multienergy markets to facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources with end-users. To this end, our research focuses on the optimization of community-level integrated energy systems (CIESs) equipped with combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP), utilizing a multiagent system (MAS) and a hierarchical Stackelberg game approach. The research begins with the development of an MAS-based optimization framework for game participants, followed by the establishment of a Stackelberg game model where the multienergy seller acts as the leader and the consumer as the follower. The model is thoroughly validated through the formulation and solution of a mixed-integer linear program (MILP)–based multiobjective optimization, which not only demonstrates effective strategies for optimizing power dispatch but also enhances economic returns and ensures fast game convergence. The results significantly validate the approach of maximizing the utilization of clean energy in energy transactions, clarifying the dynamic relationship between price fluctuations and load in the pricing mechanism. These insights are vital for promoting environmental sustainability and conserving resources, proving essential for future energy management practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3713139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajedeh Abdollahiarpanahi, Mehdi Jahangiri, Sepehr Shahgholian, Mahdi Taheri
{"title":"Finding the Best Station in Canada for Using Residential Scale Solar Heating: A Multicriteria Decision-Making Analysis","authors":"Sajedeh Abdollahiarpanahi, Mehdi Jahangiri, Sepehr Shahgholian, Mahdi Taheri","doi":"10.1155/etep/8843981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/etep/8843981","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Solar energy-based heating systems, which are capable of providing space heating as well as domestic hot water heating, are a promising alternative to conventional systems to achieve the status of reducing fossil energy consumption in residential buildings. Determining how suitable such systems are performing in Canada and which station is the most suitable in terms of energy-economic-environmental parameters are issues that have not been investigated so far. Considering that such results are very important for energy decision-makers and investors, therefore, in the present work, the provision of space heating and hot water heating on a residential scale in 10 Canadian provinces was done by Valentin TSOL v2021 R3 software. Then nine software output parameters along with three parameters of land price, the population of each station, and the natural disaster index were weighted using the AHP method. Finally, the results of the stations were ranked using five MCDM methods including AHP, TOPSIS, WASPAS, CRITIC, and GRA. The results of numerical simulations showed that the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions avoided parameter has the most weight, and the parameters solar contribution to DHW and boiler energy to DHW has the least weight. Also, the final ranking of each station showed that the most suitable station is Regina and the most unsuitable station is Victoria. By examining and analyzing the results, it was found that only based on the outputs of the Valentin TSOL v2021 R3 software, it is not possible to comment on finding appropriate and inappropriate stations, and the necessity of using ranking methods was observed more than before.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/etep/8843981","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Wang, Chao Yuan, Wen Gu, Chun Yang, Minhao Kong, Jian Yu
{"title":"Multitime Scale Reactive Power and Voltage Optimal Regulation for Transmission Network With Wind Power Cluster Based on Model Predictive Control","authors":"Hong Wang, Chao Yuan, Wen Gu, Chun Yang, Minhao Kong, Jian Yu","doi":"10.1155/2024/7687093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7687093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In order to solve the problem of voltage fluctuation caused by the grid integration of wind power cluster, a multitime scale reactive power and voltage optimal regulation method based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed in this paper. In the day-ahead stage, the reduction of network active power loss is mainly achieved through the regulation of discrete reactive power compensation devices and generator units, focusing on the economic operation of the power system. In the intraday stage, considering the rapid response characteristics of continuous reactive power compensation devices, the optimal regulation aiming to minimize voltage control deviation is carried out under 15- and 5-min time scale based on the MPC algorithm with the adjustment of continuous reactive power compensation devices. In the feedback correction stage, a fast calculation method considering reactive power partitioning is adopted instead of solving the 5-min optimization model for 288 periods, avoiding excessive adjustment of reactive compensation devices. While effectively improving voltage fluctuations caused by wind power prediction deviation, it also alleviated the computational and communication burden on the system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed regulation method in this paper is verified with the improved IEEE-39 test case.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7687093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jung-Sung Park, Jun-Hyeok Kim, Seung-Gil Noh, Woo-Young Cho, Han-Kyul Kim, Balho H. Kim, Yun-Su Kim
{"title":"Distribution System Operator (DSO) Functions in South Korea—Part I: Development, Practical Obstacles, and Future Work","authors":"Jung-Sung Park, Jun-Hyeok Kim, Seung-Gil Noh, Woo-Young Cho, Han-Kyul Kim, Balho H. Kim, Yun-Su Kim","doi":"10.1155/2024/3353622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3353622","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This paper presents our initial research findings on distribution system operator (DSO) functions in South Korea. The project team includes the Korean Electric Power Corporation, which is the only public utility company in South Korea. The planned development is based on a real distribution network and real-world environments. The project encompasses DSO–transmission system operator coordination and management of real-time distribution network congestion; this paper focuses on the latter aspect. For real-time congestion management, algorithms that handle all steps from database analysis to data export, including data preprocessing, topological configuration, power flow calculation, sensitivity analysis, and derivation of solutions to congestion, are developed. The distribution system equipment database of Korean Electric Power Corporation is used to develop a network congestion management system. When examining the database, many gaps between the theoretical and practical environments were found which are introduced in this paper. A practical distribution network database for South Korea is developed to narrow these gaps and to implement practical congestion management techniques. The remaining problems are introduced as future works.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51293,"journal":{"name":"International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3353622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}